CHM 1020 Final Exam Updated 2023-2024 Latest Version with All Questions and Answers/ CHM, Exams of Nursing

Download CHM 1020 Final Exam Updated 2023-2024 Latest Version with All Questions and Answers/ CHM and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CHM 1020 Final Exam Updated 2023-2024 Latest Version with All Questions and Answers/ CHM 1020 Final Exam Review New Version What are the 4 components of the Atomic Theory? --------- Correct Answer --------- 1. Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms 2. All atoms of the same element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from atoms of other elements. 3. Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds 4. Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. Atoms with the same number of protons (of the same element) but a different number of neutrons are called --------- Correct Answer --------- isotopes Which two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus? --------- Correct Answer --------- protons and neutrons The mass of one mole of atoms is called --------- Correct Answer --------- molar mass Charged atoms are called --------- Correct Answer --------- ions A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is called --------- Correct Answer --------- an element 2 or more elements combined --------- Correct Answer --------- Compound This formula gives the relative number of atoms in the simplest whole number ratio ------ --- Correct Answer --------- Empirical formula This formula gives the actual number of atoms in a compound --------- Correct Answer -- ------- molecular formula This formula shows how the atoms are connected --------- Correct Answer --------- structural formula Elements which have base units of single atoms are called --------- Correct Answer ------- -- atomic elements elements which have base units of 2 or more atoms are called --------- Correct Answer -- ------- molecular (diatomic) elements Compounds with 2 or more covalently bonded atoms are called --------- Correct Answer --------- molecular (covalent) compounds compounds with metals bonded to nonmetals are called --------- Correct Answer --------- ionic compounds what type of compounds contain 2 different elements --------- Correct Answer --------- binary compounds the most common polyatomic anion (contain oxygen and an element) is called a(n) ------ --- Correct Answer --------- oxyanion the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them --------- Correct Answer --------- pressure Boyle's law relates --------- Correct Answer --------- volume and pressure Charles law relates --------- Correct Answer --------- volume and temperature Avogadro's law relates --------- Correct Answer --------- volume and moles gay lussac's law relates --------- Correct Answer --------- pressure and temperature Ideal Gas Law assumes two things: --------- Correct Answer --------- 1. Gas particles are so far apart they essentially have no volume 2. Gas particles are so far apart they are not attracted or repulsed by one another The volume of 1.00 mole of gas at STP is --------- Correct Answer --------- 22.4 Liters the pressure due to any individual component in a gas mixture --------- Correct Answer -- ------- partial pressure the study of the relationship between energy and chemistry --------- Correct Answer ------ --- thermochemistry the study of energy and its interconversions --------- Correct Answer --------- thermodynamics the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in a system --------- Correct Answer --------- internal energy when the system and surroundings are the same temperature; when there is no longer any transfer of heat between the system and the surroundings --------- Correct Answer -- ------- thermal equilibrium What metal is used to dope an n-type semiconductor? --------- Correct Answer -------- arsenic Sunlight (solar radiation) may be turned directly into electricity using ______ cells. ------- -- Correct Answer -------- photovoltaic Rank the forms of nuclear radiation from highest to lowest mass --------- Correct Answer -------- alpha, beta, gammas Which of the following is not seen as an advantage of increasing our use of solar energy? --------- Correct Answer -------- production and storage of storage of solar energy is cost-efficient compared to fossil fuels What process is responsible for the energy generation from a radioactive nucleus? What happens to the nucleus? --------- Correct Answer -------- fission; nucleus splits What is the name for he neutrons "sponges" used to slow down or stop the self- sustainability fission reaction in a nuclear power plant? --------- Correct Answer -------- control rods beta decay of C-14 would produce what element? --------- Correct Answer -------- Nitrogen or N-14 A nucleus undergoes alpha decay but also releases additional energy outside of the alpha particles. What might this additional energy be? --------- Correct Answer -------- Gamma Rays A radioactive decay series for a radioisotope with an atomic number above 84 usually ends when the nucleus is that of which element? --------- Correct Answer -------- Pb - 206 Define half-life --------- Correct Answer -------- is the time required for the level of radioactivity to fall to 1/2 of its initial value What does it mean if something has a half-life of 3 minutes compared to something with a half-life of 10 years? --------- Correct Answer -------- 3 mins means it decays very quickly; 10 years means decay takes a long time If we started with 20 g of a radioisotope and allow it to decay until only 2.5 g are left, how many half-lives did it undergo? --------- Correct Answer -------- 3 half lives What is the gas that is emitted from the towers at a nuclear power plants? --------- Correct Answer -------- steam, water vapor What could you dope silicon with to make an n-type semiconductor? --------- Correct Answer -------- something w/ 1 more electron than Si As/Sb would be good examples Which area of the U.S. has the greatest wind speeds? --------- Correct Answer -------- Great Plains Regions List three different renewable (sustainable) energy sources. --------- Correct Answer ----- --- Wind Solar Geothermal Water If a particular fission reaction produces two nuclei with a mass difference of .0072 g. How much energy does this release in joules? --------- Correct Answer -------- 6.48 x 10^11 Joules All isotope of an element with an atomic number greater than __________ are radioactive --------- Correct Answer -------- 83 Identify any example of a nuclear radiation --------- Correct Answer -------- beta particles and alpha particle Silicon doped w/ gallium would be an example of a(n) ________ --------- Correct Answer -------- p-type semiconductor If the half-life of radon is 3.82 days, then how much of a 10 g sample of radon-222 would be left after 7.64 days --------- Correct Answer -------- 2.50 g What is the atomic # of Pt -175 after it undergoes alpha decay --------- Correct Answer -- ------ 76 Which color in the rainbow has the shortest wavelength? --------- Correct Answer -------- blue DNA, the genetic material of living organisms, is damaged by light in the --------- Correct Answer -------- uv region, especially below a wavelength of 320nm when only one pair of shared electrons is involved in a covalent bond, the linkage is called a _____ bond --------- Correct Answer -------- single the "ozone layer" is found --------- Correct Answer -------- in the stratosphere Yellow light has a wavelength of 580 nm. What is the frequency of this light? --------- Correct Answer -------- 5.17 x 10^14 s^-1 Which product of the UV decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition? --------- Correct Answer -------- chlorine atoms UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 1x10^17 Hz. What is the energy of a photon of this light? --------- Correct Answer -------- 6.63 x 10^17 J How do mineral nanoparticles in sunscreens protect from UV radiation? --------- Correct Answer -------- The particles absorb incoming UV light How much energy (in joules) would a photon of green light (wavelength 532nm) have? - -------- Correct Answer -------- 3.74 x 10^-19 As the wavelength of light decreases (get shorter), the frequency of that light . . . --------- Correct Answer -------- increases How many lone pairs would an oxygen atom have (a single O atom)? --------- Correct Answer -------- 2 Which of the following can cause electrons in a ground state to go to a higher level excited state? --------- Correct Answer -------- Photon Absorption Any bond that involves the sharing of 2 electrons is known as a ______________ bond. --------- Correct Answer -------- covalent individuals bundles of quantized radiation "particles of light? --------- Correct Answer ----- --- Photons A chemical substance that influences the speed of light of a reaction without undergoing permanent change? --------- Correct Answer -------- Catalyst A highly reactive chemical species with one or more unpaired electrons --------- Correct Answer -------- Free Radical A covalent bond consist of 2 pairs of shared electrons --------- Correct Answer -------- Double Bond The lowest layer of the atmosphere, where we live? --------- Correct Answer -------- Troposphere The quantity 0.0000064 g expressed in scientific notation is ___________. --------- Correct Answer -------- 6.4 x 10^-6 A substance that can be broken down into 2 or more simpler substances only by chemical methods is called a(n) --------- Correct Answer -------- compound Which is not a mixture? --------- Correct Answer -------- sodium chloride which substance is an element? --------- Correct Answer -------- N2 phone case, which weighs 114 g. What is the total weight of the phone, screen protector, and case? --------- Correct Answer -------- 254 What is the following mathematical operation? (1.42 +9.4) x 2.854 --------- Correct Answer -------- 30.9 How many cm are in 0.129m ? --------- Correct Answer -------- 12.9 Which one of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture? --------- Correct Answer -------- a glass of pulp-free lemonade Classify each type of matter. A beaker full ethanol, a mushroom omelet, flat cola, oxygen gas --------- Correct Answer -------- ethanol - compound mushroom omelet - heterogeneous mixture flat cola - Homogeneous mixture Oxygen gas - element Sheila has a mass of 59,100 grams. Express this mass in scientific notation. How many significant figures is this? What is her mass in pounds? --------- Correct Answer -------- 5.91 x 10^4 3 sig. figs 130 lbs. What element has an atomic number of 46? --------- Correct Answer -------- Pd - Palladium How many neutrons does iodine with an atomic mass of 127 have? --------- Correct Answer -------- 74 How many electrons does iodine 127 have? --------- Correct Answer -------- 53 True or False, non-metals are shiny, conductive and malleable? --------- Correct Answer -------- False Metalloid --------- Correct Answer -------- B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te Assign each half reaction as oxidation or reduction: Na --> Na^+ + e^- O2 + 4e^- --> 2O^2- --------- Correct Answer -------- Oxidation Reduction What is the molar mass of MgSO4? --------- Correct Answer -------- 120.371 g What is the percent by mass of magnesium in MgSO4? --------- Correct Answer -------- 20.3% What is the percent by mass of Oxygen in H2O? --------- Correct Answer -------- 88.8% Sublimation is an example of what phase of matter being converted to what other phase of matter? --------- Correct Answer -------- solid phase to the gas phase An upholstery company the chemical used in their dyes and their process of dyeing and designing upholstery. Optimizing this chemistry changed the mill's water release, which became cleaner than the incoming water. By producing new fabrics designed to decompose safely, the mill saved scraps and turned them into felt, avoiding costly disposal fees. Local strawberry farmers used this felt as ground cover for their crops. The above story is an example of what kind sustainable situation? --------- Correct Answer -------- environmental What percentage of Earth's water is in the oceans? --------- Correct Answer -------- 97% The recommended daily requirement of calcium is 1000 mg. Tap water in a Midwestern city contains approximately 150 mg Ca/L. A person living in the city who drinks 2 L of water in one day would receive _________ percent of his/her RDA of calcium. --------- Correct Answer -------- 30 What is the molarity of sodium chloride in a solution containing 0.50 mol of sodium chloride in 500 mL of water? --------- Correct Answer -------- 1.0 M The attraction between anions and cations throughout a crystal are known collectively as --------- Correct Answer -------- ionic bonds A polar covalent bond is created when --------- Correct Answer -------- two atoms share their bonding electrons unequally What component of air is significantly higher in an exhaled breath vs inhaled breath? ---- ----- Correct Answer -------- Carbon Dioxide 0.00000312 is the same as 3.12 parts per _________ --------- Correct Answer -------- million 3.12 x 10^-6 What is the appropriate name for N2O5? --------- Correct Answer -------- Dinitrogen pentoxide Give the formula for Butane --------- Correct Answer -------- C4H10 Butane is an example of what type of compound? --------- Correct Answer -------- Hydrocarbon True or False ozone is considered a pollutant in the troposphere? --------- Correct Answer -------- True The risk presented by an air pollutant is a function of both ___________ and ______________. --------- Correct Answer -------- Toxicity and Exposure Exposure dpends on concentration in the air, and what other two factors? --------- Correct Answer -------- Rate of Breathing and capacity of your breath Balance the following equation: P4O10 + H2O --> H3PO4 --------- Correct Answer -------- P4O10 + 6H2O --> 4H3PO4 Al2(SO3)3 + NaOH --> Na2SO3 + Al(OH)3 --------- Correct Answer -------- Al2(SO3)3 + 6NaOH --> 3Na2SO3 + 2Al(OH)3 Predict the products of the reaction between C5H12 and plenty of O2. What type of reaction is it called? --------- Correct Answer -------- 2C5H12 +10O2 --> 5CO2 +12H2O Complete combustion (always happens their is "plenty" of O2) Name or list a potential indoor pollutant or source of indoor pollution. --------- Correct Answer -------- incense candle painting a room burning food There are approximately 2 x 10^22 molecules an atoms in each breath we take and concentration of CO in the air is approx. 9 parts per million. Approx. how many CO molecules are in each breath we take? --------- Correct Answer -------- 1.8 x 10^17 Which component of the air makes up approx. 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? --------- Correct Answer -------- CO2 Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant? --------- Correct Answer -------- N2 Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter? --------- Correct Answer -------- soot When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someones exposure to the pollutant? --------- Correct Answer -------- Toxicity Based on its name which carbon compound contains the fewest carbon atoms? --------- Correct Answer -------- methane The ozone hole is most prominent o the Earth over --------- Correct Answer -------- Antartica Ozone in our atmosphere is important because it --------- Correct Answer -------- absorbs some UV radiation The Montreal protocol is a --------- Correct Answer -------- treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world Increasing wavelength of light goes in this order --------- Correct Answer -------- ultraviolet, visible, infrared Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds --------- Correct Answer -------- have 2, 4 and 6 shared electrons, respectively free radicals are --------- Correct Answer -------- species as H and OH species with unpaired electrons highly reactive chemical species WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that carries the station's signal? --------- Correct Answer -------- 3.21 m Which compounds are used in mineral-based sunscreens? --------- Correct Answer ------ -- ZnO and TiO2 Determine the shape or geometry of PH3. (Hint: Use the Periodic Table to arrive at the electron configuration for phosphorous.) --------- Correct Answer -------- trigonal pyramid Neither N2 nor O2 are greenhouse gases because --------- Correct Answer -------- their overall electric charge distribution does not change when they vibrate Calculate the mass of 2.50 x 10^4 molecules of nitrogen gas (N2) --------- Correct Answer -------- (2.50 x 10^4 / 6.02 x 10^23)(28) = 1.16 x 10-18 What is the effect of the absorption of infrared energy on matter? --------- Correct Answer -------- it increases the vibration of chemical bonds Which country has the highest per capita emission of CO2? --------- Correct Answer ----- --- United States Although coal is a complex mixture of substances, its elemental composition can be approximated by the formula C135H96O9NS. Using this formula, predict the amount of CO2 released from the combustion of 1.00 × 106 metric tons of coal (about the annual average for a coal-fired power plant). 1 metric ton = 1 × 103 kg --------- Correct Answer - ------- 85% Which occurrences or processes are expected to reduce the level of atmospheric carbon? --------- Correct Answer -------- the growth of trees and formation of carbonate rock in the ocean Although greenhouse gases likely account for the problem of global warming, they are also responsible for making earth habitable. What would be the temperature on earth in the absence of the effects of carbon dioxide and water? --------- Correct Answer -------- - 18C How many atoms are present in 0.375 mol of palladium (Pd) atoms? --------- Correct Answer -------- 2.26 x 10^23 Scientific have correlated avg. global tempt. with atmospheric CO2 levels for the last 160,000 years using ice cores from Antartica. How is the CO2 level determined? --------- Correct Answer -------- By measuring the CO2 concentration in trapped air bubbles in the ice layers. The heat of combustion for the combustion of propane, C3H8 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O, is equal to -2,200 kJ This is an example of an _________ reaction. --------- Correct Answer -------- exothermic Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy, or randomness, of the universe is increasing? --------- Correct Answer -------- second As alakines (hydrocarbons) become larger/longer (more carbons) the boiling point __________. --------- Correct Answer -------- increases An ___________ is a molecule with the same formula but different chemical structure. -- ------- Correct Answer -------- isomer Renewable fuels derived from biological sources --------- Correct Answer -------- Biofuel the energy necessary to initiate a chemical --------- Correct Answer -------- Activation Energy the tendency for atoms to give/take or share electrons to get eight valance electrons ---- ----- Correct Answer -------- Octet Rule A process of separating out various compounds by heating them to their boiling points, collecting the vapor and condensing it --------- Correct Answer -------- Distillation Decaying plant life from millions of years ago --------- Correct Answer -------- Fossil Fuel The heat of combustion of ethane, C2H6, is 1560 kJ/mol. What is the heat of combustion of ethane, in kJ per gram? --------- Correct Answer -------- 51.9 kJ/g energy stored in chemical bonds of fossil fuels is a form of ___________energy --------- Correct Answer -------- potential The first law of thermodynamics states that --------- Correct Answer -------- energy is neither created nor destroyed In an exothermic chemical reaction --------- Correct Answer -------- heat is released as the reaction proceeds Which is a fossil fuel? A: wood B: uranium C: ethanol D: natural gas --------- Correct Answer -------- D: natural gas How is heat energy used to generate electricity in a modern power plant? --------- Correct Answer -------- Heat boils water to make steam, which drives a turbine In the petroleum industry, what does a refinery do? --------- Correct Answer -------- It separates crude oil into fractions consisting of compounds with similar boiling points If I combusted 300 g of C, how many grams of CO2 would be released into the atmosphere? --------- Correct Answer -------- 1100 g compounds with the same chemical formula but different molecular structures are called --------- Correct Answer -------- isomer find the molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O --------- Correct Answer -------- 46.07 g/mol What international agreement attempted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? --------- Correct Answer -------- Kyoto Protocol The greenhouse and enhanced greenhouse effects refer to the return of approximately _______ percent and greater than _______ percent of the heat radiated by Earth. ------- -- Correct Answer -------- 80 ; 80 How many atoms are present in .625 mol of palladium (Pd) atoms? --------- Correct Answer -------- 3.77 x 10^23 What is the formula for iron (III) sulfate? --------- Correct Answer -------- Fe2(SO4)3 calculate the mass percent of chlorine in CCl3F (Freon-11) --------- Correct Answer ------ -- 77.5% The consumption of ethane releases 1.51 x 10^3 kJ?mol of energy. If heating your house requires 4000 kJ, how many gras of ethane must be combusted to accomplish this? --------- Correct Answer -------- 79.5 grams A mole of CO2 contains how many O2 atoms? --------- Correct Answer -------- 1.2 x 10^24 what os the molar mass of dimethylglyoxime, C4H8N2O2? --------- Correct Answer ------- - 116.12 g/mol When a molecule absorbs an infrared photon, it contributes to the ______ energy of that molecule --------- Correct Answer -------- vibrational Which atom in a molecule of CH3Cl would contain the partial neg. charge? --------- Correct Answer -------- Chlorine Fe2(SO4)3 --------- Correct Answer -------- iron (III) sulfate substance that dissolves in a solvent --------- Correct Answer -------- solute ratio of electromagnetic radiation reflected from a surface relative to the amount incident --------- Correct Answer -------- albedo The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. If you started with 100 g of carbon-14, how much would remain after 4 half-lives? --------- Correct Answer -------- 6.25 g Which naturally occurring radioactive particles are negatively charged? --------- Correct Answer -------- beta particles How much energy is equivalent to 1.0 x 10^-4 kg of matter? --------- Correct Answer ----- --- 9.0 x 10^12 J Waster created at these power plants must be stored indefinitely --------- Correct Answer -------- coal-burning plants and nuclear plants in the famous equation E=mc2, the symbols represent --------- Correct Answer -------- E=energy, m=mass, c=speed of light Smokestacks at these plants release sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide into the air: ------- -- Correct Answer -------- coal-burning plants The "doping" of a semiconductor to improve its performance means --------- Correct Answer -------- adding small amounts of other elements to the pure semiconductor to change the freedom of electron motion throughout the crystal As of 2007, what is the maximum efficiency of a multijunction solar cell? --------- Correct Answer -------- 40%