chp 15 | PSYC 107 - HNR-INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY, Quizzes of Psychology

Download chp 15 | PSYC 107 - HNR-INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Biological therapies DEFINITION 1 reflect medical approaches to disease (what is wrong with the body) and to illness (what a person feels as a result). In other words, these therapies are based on the notion that psychological disorders (often referred to as mental disorders in medical settings) result from abnormalities in neural and bodily processes. TERM 2 psychopharmacology DEFINITION 2 is the use of medications that affect brain or body functions. TERM 3 psychotherapy DEFINITION 3 psychotherapy TERM 4 eclectic approach, DEFINITION 4 using a variety of techniques that seem appropriate for a given client. TERM 5 insight DEFINITION 5 The goal of psychoanalysis; a clients awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning. TERM 6 psychodynamic therapy DEFINITION 6 A form of therapy based on Freudian theory; it aims to help clients examine needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding distress. TERM 7 client-centered therapy DEFINITION 7 An empathic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self- understanding. TERM 8 reflective listening, DEFINITION 8 therapist repeats the clients concerns to help the person clarify his orher feelings. TERM 9 Humanistic Therapy DEFINITION 9 Carl Rogers founded the form of humanistic therapy called client- centered therapy. TERM 10 behavior therapy DEFINITION 10 Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning. TERM 21 systems approach, DEFINITION 21 Over the course of therapy, the way the individual thinks, behaves, and interacts with others may change. Such changes can profoundly affect the family dynamics. For instance, an alcoholic who gives up drinking may start to criticize other members of the family when they drink. TERM 22 expressed emotion DEFINITION 22 pattern of negative actions by a clients family members. TERM 23 psychotropic medications DEFINITION 23 Drugs that affect mental processes.alter synaptic transmission to increase or decrease the action of particular neurotransmitters TERM 24 anti-anxiety drugs DEFINITION 24 A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of anxiety.commonly called tranquilizers,benzodiazepines (such as Xanax and Ativan). These drugs increase the activity of GABA, the most pervasive inhibitory neurotransmitter. TERM 25 antidepressants DEFINITION 25 A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression.Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were the first antidepressants to be discovered. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that breaks down serotonin in the synapse. MAO inhibitors therefore stop this process and result in more serotonin being available in the synapse. These drugs also raise levels of norepinephrine and dopamine., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been introduced; the best- known is Prozac. These drugs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, but they act on other neurotransmit- ters to a significantly lesser extent. TERM 26 antipsychotics DEFINITION 26 A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis.also known as neuroleptics.bind to dopamine receptors, thus blocking the effects of dopamine. TERM 27 tardive dyskinesia DEFINITION 27 involuntary twitching of muscles, TERM 28 trepanning DEFINITION 28 may have been used to let out evil spirits believed to be causing unusual behavior. In parts of Africa and the Pacific, various groups still practice trepanning as a treatment for epilepsy, headaches, and symptoms of mental disturbance. TERM 29 psychosurgery, DEFINITION 29 in which areas of the frontal cortex were selectively damaged. TERM 30 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) DEFINITION 30 ) involves placing electrodes on a persons head and administering an electrical current strong enough to produce a seizure. depression TERM 31 trans- cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) DEFINITION 31 , a powerful electrical current produces a magnetic field (about 40,000 times Earths magnetic field). When rapidly switched on and off, this magnetic field induces an electrical current in the brain region directly below the wire coil, thereby interrupting neural function in that region TERM 32 deep brain stimulation (DBS) DEFINITION 32 surgically implant- ing electrodes deep within the brain. The location of the electrodes depends on which disorder is being treated. Mild electricity is then used to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity, much the way a pacemaker stimulates the heart TERM 33 randomized clinical trials DEFINITION 33 determining how effective a treatment is TERM 34 placebo DEFINITION 34 does not contain any active ingredients. TERM 35 a fear hierarchy: DEFINITION 35 list of situations in which fear is aroused, in ascending order.