Christianity PowerPoint - Introduction to Judaism, Christianity | RELI 1001, Study notes of World Religions

Download Christianity PowerPoint - Introduction to Judaism, Christianity | RELI 1001 and more Study notes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! CHRISTIANITY An Introduction  World Significance  Size  History  Complexity  Diverse manifestations  Diverse lifestyles  World Influence:  Perception of Time  Similarities to Judaism:  Monotheistic  Exoteric  The Covenant  Distinctions from Judaism:  Belief that Jesus is divine  Monotheism becomes more complex  God is one entity with multiple parts The Jesus of Faith  Jesus’ Charisma  The 12 disciples  Orientation to the Spirit Realm  Sense of urgency for the coming Kingdom of God  Miracles and healing  Channel between humans God  Appealed outcasts and the marginalized members of society Challenges to Authority  Sadducees  Pharisees  Essenes  Zealots  Jesus took a fifth path  How did these groups react to Jesus? The Jesus of Faith  What did the disciples see him do?  What did the disciples hear him say?  “gigantesque”  Sermon on the Mount  Lord’s Prayer and Beatitudes  Invitational tone & parables  Focus on 2 facts: God’s love and accepting it  Who did the disciples think he was? Major themes:  Kingdom of God  How, when and what?  Jesus’ relationship to God  Christ from christos  Ethical Obligations  Love  Humility  Repentence The Good News  The triumph of the good of Jesus over death  gospel = “good news”  Spreading the message: Fish symbol  ιχθύς --> ichthýs  “Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior”  How did the Good News affect early Christians?  Had mutual love and joy  Free of fear, guilt, & ego The Early Church  The Synoptic Gospels  Hypothetical source “Q” (quelle)  Matthew  Mark  Luke  The Gospel of John  Canons of the New Testament  No universal agreement  Apocrypha  Jesus = a vital force for believers  The Church as a body  Perfect vs. Fallible Church  Invisible vs. Visible Church Early Christian History  36 CE: Paul converts to Christianity  50-60 CE: Paul’s travels and teachings  Topics = liturgical blessings & theology  Message to Gentiles and Jews  Salvation achieved through faith (live in spirit vs. life in flesh)  c. 65-95 CE: Gospels composed  85 CE: Book of Acts composed  200 CE: Christianity throughout Roman Empire  313 CE: Edict of Toleration passed by Constantine  381 CE: Christianity official religion of Roman Empire Christian Diversity  Early Example: Gnosticism  Gnosis  The Gospel of Thomas (Nag Hammadi)  Duality of the universe  Emphasis on spiritual maturity  3 Main Denominations  Roman Catholic  Eastern Orthodox  Protestant Christian Diversity ° ATLAS OF FAITHS BELIEVERS aspercentage of global population (2002) 130 Otherbelievers ue 24 Atheists abi a / pee Ty 2800 BELIEVERS BY RELIGION in millions 2600 Majority of population » comprised of: - Roman Gatholies Gi Protestants |B Ghiistians from various churches |B Orthodox Christians Bi Churches of Eastern christianity | Mormans |B Muslims (Sunnis) | Muslims (Shiites) Biews GD Buddhists BB Japanese Shintoists and Buddhists i Hindus Bi sikhs @ Indigenous religions 1 no dominant religion’ nonreligious Dy unpopulated 9 Scae: Eneye peed ia Brianna (2003) Roman Catholicism  Catholicos = “universal”  Christendom (the domain of Christianity)  Teaching Authority: importance of Jesus’ teachings  New Testament not enough? Potential dangers…  Solution = Church as new teaching authority  The Pope (from papa) – successor of St. Peter  Office = the Papacy  Papal infallibility on faith and morals  The Papacy and Secular Government  Sacramental Agent – correct methodology & spiritual sustenance Mass & the Eucharist  Context  Alternate Names  Eucharisto  Central Features  Reenactment of Christ’s Last Supper  Symbolic Meal  Eucharistic Prayer  Host & Chalice  Closed Communion Holidays  Liturgical Calendar  Advent  Christmas & Epiphany  Lent  Ash Wednesday through Holy Saturday (day before Easter)  Fasting  Holy Week  Palm Sunday & Good Friday  Easter  Pentecost Mary & Sainthood  Very high status  Virgin mother  Theotokos  Immaculate Conception  Mother of the Church/God  Hail Mary & use of Rosary  Visions of Mary  Saints – extraordinarily holy people  Special areas of concern:  Intercession  Patronage  Veneration of Saints  Saint Days  Icons  Differences between churches The Protestant Reformation  Movement of churches that developed over time  Martin Luther (1483-1546)  Sale of Indulgences  Purchasing forgiveness  Avoid purgatory  Sale of Relics  Lots of fakes  Profit off the faithful  “contributions” Luther’s Beliefs  Indulgences and Relics  Justification by Faith  A person is right with God by completely trusting the work of Christ and not making human effort to appease God.  Chief article of Protestant faith  Restores one’s relationship with God  95 Propositions/Theses & Luther’s excommunication  In his writings  Seeks to raise the authority of faith to a higher level than the clergy  Clergy should not have spiritual authority over laypeople  Only necessary sacraments = baptism & the Eucharist Early Protestant Denominations  Lutherans  Follow teachings of Martin Luther  Focus on God’s grace  Calvinists & John Calvin (1509-1564)  Extension of salvation by faith alone = predestination  Protestant (Work) Ethic  Calvinism in Europe:  Reformed Churches  Presbyterians  Anabaptists  Tradition of baptizing adults – emphasize choice  Heavily persecuted  Mennonites and Amish  Anglicans (Church of England)  Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)  History of Split  USA – Episcopalian  Methodists & John Wesley  Personal holiness  methodological devotions Epistemology  Textual Sources  Old Testament + New Testament = Christian Bible  NT = Synoptic Gospels, John, Acts, Epistles Revelation  Ecumenical Councils & Creeds (ex. Nicene Creed)  Jesus as Logos (his teachings and actions) (for Christians in general)  Roman Catholic:  Apocrypha  Church as teaching authority: pope and priests  Saints  Protestants:  Personal faith  Reason & Experience  Intuition  Religious leaders  Eastern Orthodox:  Conscience of the Church  Saints Ontology God is ultimate reality Theology Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, & God the Holy Spirit Anthropology  Human Nature:  Made in image of God  Beloved children of God  Stained with Original Sin  Human Identity:  Members of Visible or Invisible Church  Part of the mystical body of Christ  Saints & Martyrs  Apostles  Mary (theotokos)  Affiliation with Holy Orders Psychology  Faculties of Consciousness:  Mind: Understand/interpret scripture and teachings  Soul: immortal – punished or rewarded in the afterlife  Heart: stained w/original sin, but purified via acceptance of Jesus  Flesh: weak, can be tempted (body/physical senses)  Conscience: serves as a moral compass  States of Consciousness:  Before accepting Jesus – fear (especially of death), guilt (for sinning), egotism  After accepting Jesus – love (for God & fellow man) and joy Teleology  Attain salvation in Heaven  Love, serve, & know God  Serve mankind  Mysticism: connect with God in this life