Religious Sites and Concepts in Christianity: From Bethlehem to the Trinity, Quizzes of World Religions

Download Religious Sites and Concepts in Christianity: From Bethlehem to the Trinity and more Quizzes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Bethlehem DEFINITION 1 The traditional birthplace of Jesus TERM 2 Nazareth DEFINITION 2 Jesus' home in youth and manhood TERM 3 Jerusalem DEFINITION 3 The sit of Jesus' crucifixion and center of the earliest Jewish Christian community; capital of the Latin Christian Kingdom in the Holy Land from 1099 to 1187. TERM 4 Rome DEFINITION 4 The capital of the Roman Empire, where Peter introduced Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church eventually established its headquarters in Vatican City--the world's smallest independent country. TERM 5 Anatolia DEFINITION 5 A region (corresponding to modern-day Turkey), evangelized by Paul, that became an important center of the early Church; the location of the famous councils of Chalcedon, Nicaea, and Constantinople TERM 6 Constantinople DEFINITION 6 The capital of the Byzantine Empire and the headquarters of the Orthodox Church; conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 and renamed Istanbul. TERM 7 Wittenberg DEFINITION 7 The German town where Martin Luther posted his 95 theses, beginning the Protestant Reformation. TERM 8 Worms DEFINITION 8 The German city where an imperial council ('diet') tried Luther for political subversion. TERM 9 Trent DEFINITION 9 (Trentino in Italian) sit of the Council of Trent (1545-63) and center of the Catholic Church's response to Protestantism, known as Counter-Reformation. TERM 10 Geneva DEFINITION 10 The city in which John Calvin attempted to translate his vision of Christianity into a practicing community. TERM 21 charismatic DEFINITION 21 characterized by spiritual gifts such as glossolalia (tongues) TERM 22 Christ DEFINITION 22 From the Greek Christos, a translation of the Hebrew word for messiah, "anointed" TERM 23 conversion DEFINITION 23 spiritual rebirth, accompanied by certainty of divine forgiveness and acceptance TERM 24 cosmological argument DEFINITION 24 an argument that infers the existence of God from the fact of creation, based on the assumption that every effect must have a cause and that there cannot be an infinite regress of causes. TERM 25 creeds DEFINITION 25 brief formal statements of doctrinal belief, often recited in unison by congregations. TERM 26 crucifix DEFINITION 26 a cross with an image of the suffering Jesus mounted on it. TERM 27 dogma DEFINITION 27 a church doctrine defined as indisputable and necessary to the faith TERM 28 Eastern-rite Catholic Churches DEFINITION 28 Churches in the Eastern Orthodox world and farther east that are aligned with the Roman Catholic Church but retain many Orthodox elements, including married clergy. TERM 29 ecumenism DEFINITION 29 the movement for reunion or collaboration between previously separate branches of Christianity. TERM 30 Eucharist DEFINITION 30 The ritual re-enactment of Jesus' sacrifice of himself, patterned after his sharing of bread and wine as his body and blood at the final Passover meal with his disciples. Orthodox Christians term it the liturgy, Catholics the mass, and Protestants the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion. TERM 31 Evangelical DEFINITION 31 In Germany, a name for the Lutheran Church; in the English- speaking world, a description of conservative Protestants with a confident sense of the assurance of divine grace and the obligation to preach it. TERM 32 excommunication DEFINITION 32 formal expulsion from the Church, particularly the Roman Catholic Church, for doctrinal error or moral misconduct. TERM 33 friar DEFINITION 33 a member of a Latin mendicant order such as the Dominicans, Franciscans, or Carmelites. TERM 34 fundamentalism DEFINITION 34 a 20th century reaction to modernity, originally among Protestants who maintained the infallibility of scripture and doctrine. TERM 35 glossolalia DEFINITION 35 speaking in tongues; a distinguishing feature of charismatic movements. TERM 46 logos DEFINITION 46 "Word"; in the sense of eternal divine intelligence and purpose TERM 47 Manichaeism DEFINITION 47 An intensely dualistic religion, founded by Mani in the third century, that grew out of Syrian Christianity under the influence of Gnosticism TERM 48 mass DEFINITION 48 the Roman Catholic name for the Eucharist TERM 49 mendicant orders DEFINITION 49 Medieval religious orders operating in the cities and towns TERM 50 millenarianism DEFINITION 50 the belief that the current world order will come to an end and be replaced by a new era. TERM 51 Monophysites DEFINITION 51 Fifth-century advocates of the view that Christ's nature was fully divine. TERM 52 mysticism DEFINITION 52 a tradition cultivating an intensely felt spiritual union with the divine. TERM 53 Nestorians DEFINITION 53 Fifth-century advocates of the view that the incarnate Christ was two separate persons, one divine and one human. TERM 54 ontological argument DEFINITION 54 the eleventh-century theologian Anselm's argument based on logic holding that God must necessarily exist. TERM 55 original sin DEFINITION 55 the sinfulness or tendency towards sin, supposedly innate in human beings as a consequence of Adam's Fall. TERM 56 orthodoxy DEFINITION 56 Literally, the straight way, meaning correct belief; in any church, the accepted doctrine. TERM 57 parables DEFINITION 57 stories about everyday life told to illustrate a point TERM 58 Passion DEFINITION 58 the suffering and death of Jesus on the cross TERM 59 patriarchs DEFINITION 59 the five bishops who together represent supreme authority in the Eastern Orthodox tradition TERM 60 Pentecost DEFINITION 60 The fiftieth day after Easter, commemorated as the dramatic occasion when Jesus' followers experienced the presence of the Holy Spirit.