Genetic Disorders: Definitions and Classifications, Quizzes of Biology

Download Genetic Disorders: Definitions and Classifications and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 genetic disorders DEFINITION 1 caused by faulty proteins made by defective genes TERM 2 recessive disorders DEFINITION 2 caused by a defective allele which is recessive so it will not occur in individuals with a functional allele TERM 3 dominate disorder DEFINITION 3 caused by defective dominant allele and can exist even in the presence of a functional allele TERM 4 x-linked recessive disorders DEFINITION 4 disorders caused by gene(s) on the X chromosome-males with a defective gene do not have a back up so they contain the disorder- woman with a single defective gene have a back up (their other X-chromosome)* males cant be carriers but females canex: red-green color blindness and hemophilia TERM 5 autosomal recessive disorders DEFINITION 5 disorders caused by a defective recessive allele on non-sex chromosomes- a sick individual must have received a defective allele from both parents TERM 6 autosomal dominant disorders DEFINITION 6 disorders caused by defective dominant allele on non-sex chromosomesex: huntington disease- sick individual must have had a sick parent TERM 7 polyploidy DEFINITION 7 individual has more than two full sets of chromosomesEXTRA CHROMOSOMEScan occur due to:- mistake in meiosis leading to diploid gamete- more than two gametes fusing TERM 8 aneuploidy DEFINITION 8 individual has more or fewer than the normal number of chromosomes** only off by 1 or 2 (not full sets like polyploidy)- usually fatal to embryo- down synrdome = extra chromosome 21- turner syndrom = XO- Klinefelter syndrome = XXY TERM 9 nondisjunction DEFINITION 9 failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separatecan happen in:meiosis --> lead to genetic disordermitosis --> cancer (localized disorder) TERM 10 deletion DEFINITION 10 occurs when a fragment of a chromosome permanently breaks off