CIDESCO EXAM Questions with correct Answers Graded A+ Latest Updates 2024.pdf, Exams of Nursing

Download CIDESCO EXAM Questions with correct Answers Graded A+ Latest Updates 2024.pdf and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 CIDESCO EXAM Questions with correct Answers Graded A+ Latest Updates 2024 I Biological and non-biological substances both need oxygen for their existence. II The human body consists only of biological substances. - Answer- I is correct and II is incorrect Characteristics of life include: - Answer- growth and metabolism Examples of synthetic substances are: - Answer- plastics and silicones Examples of organic biological substances are: - Answer- carbohydrates and fats Examples of mineral substances are: - Answer- paraffins and petroleum Matter is everything that: - Answer- occupies space and has weight The three forms of matter are solids, liquids and: - Answer- gases What property does all matter have? - Answer- All matter has weight Condensation is the change of matter from: - Answer- a gas to a liquid Vapourisation is the change of matter from: - Answer- liquid to a gas Melting is the change of matter from: - Answer- a solid to a liquid Sublimation is the change of matter from: - Answer- a solid to a gas Condensation is: - Answer- the change of a vapour to a liquid The alteration of the properties of matter without the formation of any new substance is called a/an: - Answer- physical change The immediate change of a solid into a vapour is called: - Answer- sublimation An example of a single-celled cellular organism is: - Answer- a bacterium 2 I. A micro-organism is the smallest part of the human body. II All micro-organisms need nutrients for their existence. - Answer- I is incorrect and II is correct Examples of bacteria are: - Answer- bacilli and cocci I. Every living organism needs some non-biological substances for it's existence. II. All non-biological substances are found as minerals in the earth. - Answer- I is correct and II is incorrect Science deals mainly with: - Answer- physics and chemistry The study of the structure of the body is called: - Answer- anatomy The study of the functions of living organisms is: - Answer- physiology I Anatomy is a very important science in the field of biology. II Anatomy is the science which deals with the functions of the human body. - Answer- I is correct and II is incorrect I Physiology is a very important science in the field of biology. II Physiology is the science which deals with the functions of the body. - Answer- I and II are both correct Which one of the following belongs to the science of chemistry? - Answer- The alteration of the structure of molecules I Chemical reactions only take place outside and not inside a living organism. II The structure of molecules change during chemical reactions. - Answer- I is incorrect and II is correct The field of physics includes: - Answer- heat and electricity Which one of the following belongs to the field of physics? - Answer- Sound, electricity and heat The field of physics includes: - Answer- the science of electricity An anion is: - Answer- A negatively charged atom An anion is: - Answer- a negatively charged chloride atom (CI-) A cation is: - Answer- A positively charged sodium atom (Na+) An electrolyte is: - Answer- A substance which, dissolved in water, splits into ions Examples of electrolytes are: - Answer- acids and salts 5 A contra-indication to treatment with infra-red radiation is: - Answer- skin showing teleangiectasias on the cheek area Infra-red radiation is used: - Answer- to warm the tissues before massage Ultra-violet radiation can be useful in beauty therapy because of the: - Answer- chemical effect on the skin Which of the following radiation has the most anti-bacterial effect? - Answer- UV-C What is the safest radiation that can be used to increase pigmentation? - Answer- UV-A Which rays are mostly used in ray-treatments to increase pigmentation? - Answer- UV- A and UV-B Ultra-violet radiation is absorbed: - Answer- mainly in the epidermis The radiation mainly responsible for tanning the skin is: - Answer- UV-A Skin cancer is most likely caused by: - Answer- Ultra-violet An electric current is: - Answer- A flow of electrons Which electric currents can be used in electrotherapy? - Answer- High frequency currents of high voltage Which electric currents can be used in electrotherapy? - Answer- High frequency and middle frequency currents both of low voltage Which electric currents can be used in electrotherapy? - Answer- Faradic and galvanic currents both of low voltage Examples of solid conductors are: - Answer- metals Examples of liquid conductors are: - Answer- fluids in which ions are present Examples of liquid conductors are: - Answer- body fluids and alkali solutions Which gas can conduct electric current? - Answer- neon Examples of insulators are: - Answer- plastics An example of an insulator is: - Answer- rubber The strength of an electric current is measured by it's: - Answer- amperage 6 The pressure of an electric current is measured by it's: - Answer- voltage The power of an electrical appliance is measured by it's: - Answer- wattage In an electrical circuit if the voltage is doubled and the resistance halved, the intensity of the current is: - Answer- is increased four times The unit of current strength is: - Answer- ampere The unit of current pressure is: - Answer- volt The unit of electrical resistance is: - Answer- ohm The unit of electrical power is: - Answer- watt A current with a constant strength used in beauty therapy is called: - Answer- galvanic A so-called "faradic type current" is: - Answer- An interrupted galvanic current The current that is used to tone muscles is called: - Answer- faradic A so-called "faradic type current" is different from a galvanic current in beauty therapy because: - Answer- it is more effective for training muscles A galvanic current is different from a so-called "faradic type current" in beauty therapy because: - Answer- it is more effective for iontophoresis Which machine for treatments in beauty therapy supplies galvanic current? - Answer- A machine for iontophoresis For which treatments in beauty therapy is galvanic current used? - Answer- Iontophoresis For which treatments in beauty therapy is galvanic current used? - Answer- Iontophoresis and electric desincrustation The meaning of iontophoresis is: - Answer- to force cosmetic ingredients deeper into the skin The meaning of desincrustation is: - Answer- to remove substances from the skin's surface Desincrustation to remove substances from the surface of the skin is done with a: - Answer- galvanic machine and cathode as the active electrode 7 The effect of desincrustation on sebum is: - Answer- a saponification process caused by galvanic, current A machine for iontophoresis is most likely to contain: - Answer- a rectifier and a transformer A machine for desincrustation is most likely to contain: - Answer- a rectifier and a transformer I. Galvanic current can be obtained from a dry cell (battery) II. The electric mains supplies galvanic current. - Answer- I is correct and II is incorrect The electrical device that changes alternating current into direct current is a: - Answer- rectifier The function of a rectifier is to change: - Answer- an alternating current into a galvanic current When do the electrodes in electrotherapy have be moistened or to be applied on a moistened skin? - Answer- in iontophoresis and not short wave diathermy What can occur if galvanic electrode is not applied to the skin with a regular pressure all over the surface of the electrode: - Answer- on the spot of the highest pressure skin burning can occur The electrical device that changes voltage is called a: - Answer- transformer The function of a transformer is to change: - Answer- the voltage of an alternating current to a different voltage A fuse is an electrical device that: - Answer- protects apparatus or circuits from overloading A fuse in an electrical apparatus: - Answer- is the weakest part of the electrical circuit The safety practises that should be observed in a beauty salon when using electrical appliances: - Answer- are the responsibility of the employer of the salon The smallest structural unit in the hunan body is called the: - Answer- cell The study of the structure of the body is called: - Answer- anatomy The study of the functions of the human body is: - Answer- physiology The outer wall of a cell is called the: - Answer- cell membrane 10 Which one of the following is NOT composed of dense connective tissue? - Answer- adipose tissue Loose connective tissue specialising in fat storage is: - Answer- adipose tissue Tendons are made of: - Answer- collagen What type of connective tissue is found in the wall of an artery? - Answer- elastin The connective tissue which contains many collagenous fibres embedded within a firm matrix is: - Answer- cartilage Connective tissue serving as a shock absorber in joints is: - Answer- cartilage Cartilage that has a bluish matrix and few fibres is: - Answer- hyaline cartilage All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms is known as: - Answer- metabolism The metabolic process in which energy is liberated by the destruction of complex substances is known as: - Answer- catabolism The metabolic process in which simple substances converted into more complex compounds is known as: - Answer- anabolism During a period of cell growth: - Answer- more anabolism than catabolism takes place Metabolism mainly takes place in: - Answer- the cytoplasm The heat-producing power of foods is measured in units of energy called: - Answer- joules A joule is: - Answer- A unit of energy The amount of energy used in a unit of time, by a fasting, resting subject to maintain vital functions, is known as: - Answer- basal metabolic rate The mineral salt which makes up a large proportion of bone tissue is: - Answer- calcium phosphate the part of a long bone in which new erythrocytes produced is the: - Answer- red bone marrow The connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone is known as : - Answer- periosteum 11 The name of the process by which cartilage tissue is turned into bone tissue is: - Answer- ossification The growth in length of a long bone takes place from: - Answer- the epiphyseal cartilage The reabsorption of previously laid down bone is accomplished by: - Answer- osteoclasts The two bones which form the crown and sides of the cranium are the: - Answer- parietal bones The roof of the eye socket is formed by the: - Answer- sphenoid bone The bone at the back of the skull is the: - Answer- occipital The vertebrae which aticulate with the ribs are called? - Answer- thoracic The vertebrae whick have large neural spines to give attachment to powerful back muscles are the: - Answer- lumbar The joint between the atlas and the axis is: - Answer- a pivot joint The ribs are movably connected to: - Answer- the thoracic vertebrae The number of pairs of ribs in the body is: - Answer- 12 The shoulder blade is known as the: - Answer- scapula The names of the two bones articulating in the ball and socket joint of the upper arm are the: - Answer- humerus and scapula The correct name for the collar bone is the: - Answer- clavicle Which one of the following bones would be classified as a short bone? - Answer- carpal The hand consists of A. ___ carpals and B. ___ metacarpals: - Answer- A: 8 B: 5 Which one of the following is the 'odd bone out'? - Answer- patella The type of joint found at the knee is the: - Answer- hinge Which one of the following does NOT have any moveable joints? - Answer- cranium An example of a fixed joint is: - Answer- the bones of the skull 12 In the hip joint, the synovial membrane lines the: - Answer- ligament of the head of the femur "Front" and "back" are equivalent to: - Answer- anterior and posterior "Up" and "down" are equivalent to: - Answer- superior and inferior A sagittal plane divides the body into: - Answer- left and right parts A transverse plane divides the body into: - Answer- superior and inferior parts The main function of muscle tissue is to provide: - Answer- movement Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? - Answer- The only action a muscle can perform is contraction Which one of the following type of muscle is considered to be under voluntary nervous control? - Answer- skeletal Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal or voluntary muscle? - Answer- action is slower than that controlled by smooth muscle Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of involuntary muscle? - Answer- under the control of the will Muscles allow movement to take place by: - Answer- contraction and relaxation The contractive part of a muscle is the: - Answer- belly Flexion of the hip joint is carried out by the: - Answer- rectus femoris The muscle which flexes the thigh and leg is the: - Answer- sartorius The zygomatic arch gives origin to the: - Answer- masseter The triceps muscle is an example of a/an: - Answer- extensor The face muscle which contracts during smiling is the: - Answer- zygomaticus The deepest chest muscles are the: - Answer- intercostals The quadriceps muscle: - Answer- extends the knee The zygomaticus muscle has it's insertion on the: - Answer- skin of the corner of the mouth 15 After leaving the right ventricle, blood is pumped to the: - Answer- pulmonary artery A characteristic that CANNOT be applied to veins is that they: - Answer- always carry blood away from the heart An INCORRECT statement about arteries is that they: - Answer- have valves A characteristic of ALL arteries (except pulmonary arteries) is that they: - Answer- transport blood rich in oxygen Arteries: - Answer- have an elastic wall The muscle tissue located within the walls of blood vessels is: - Answer- smooth muscle tissue The extremely thin walls of capillaries are made of: - Answer- only endothelium Tissue fluid leaves the capillaries by: - Answer- diffusion The function of capillaries is NOT for the purpose of the: - Answer- destruction of antigens The lymphatic vessel that gathers most of the lymph is the: - Answer- thoracic duct The liquid which carries dissolved substances from capillaries to cells and back is: - Answer- tissue fluid Macrophages and lymphocytes that filter lymph are situated in the: - Answer- lymph nodes Fat is transported through the circulatory system by: - Answer- lymph The fluid between the cells is driven along by: - Answer- pressure from the contracting muscles around them The location of the spleen is: - Answer- to the left of the body under diaphragm After leaving the left ventricle, blood flows from the heart to the: - Answer- aorta The name of the vessel taking blood from the stomach to the liver is called the: - Answer- hepatic portal vein The blood vessel which discharges into the right atrium (auricle) is the: - Answer- inferior vena cava 16 The blood vessel NOT connected to the liver is the: - Answer- the inferior vena cava Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? - Answer- the blood vessel connecting the aorta to each kidney is the renal vein Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? Blood flows: - Answer- from the aorta to the head in the jugular vein Which of the following statements about blood is INCORRECT? - Answer- takes urea from the kidneys to the liver Blood is carried to the liver through the: - Answer- hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein The name of the vessel that takes blood from the liver to the vena cava is the: - Answer- hepatic vein The MAIN purpose of digestion is to: - Answer- make the food soluble The epiglottis lies between: - Answer- the throat and the oesophagus List the following sequence that represents the correct order in which food passes through them: 1. oesophagus 2. duodenum 3. colon 4. stomach - Answer- 1423 Which one of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract? - Answer- liver Which one of the following attacks starch? - Answer- amylase The digestion of starch begins in the: - Answer- mouth The oesophagus connects: - Answer- the mouth to the stomach An enzyme which clots milk is produced in the: - Answer- stomach Gastric juice is composed of: - Answer- mucus, enzymes and hydrochloric acid An enzyme that needs a highly acid background in which to work is: - Answer- pepsin One of the following processes which does NOT occur in the stomach is: - Answer- Digestion of sugars Under normal circumstances the stomach produces: - Answer- pepsin and hydrochloric acid The secretory duct of the pancreas discharges into: - Answer- the duodenum 17 Which one of the following statements about food as it enters the duodenum is INCORRECT? - Answer- fats are absorbed The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the: - Answer- stomach The digestion of fats begins in the: - Answer- duodenum Fatty foods are attacked by: - Answer- lipase Proteins are digested by: - Answer- trypsin Which one of the following is NOT produced in the pancreas? - Answer- pepsin The hepatic portal vein carries soluble foods: - Answer- from the ileum to the liver Poisons are made harmless in the body by the: - Answer- liver Which one of the following is NOT a function of the liver? - Answer- exeretion of uric acid Carbohydrates are stored in the muscles and liver as: - Answer- glycogen Which one of the following is NOT a function of the liver? - Answer- gets rid of uric acid Glucose can be stored as glycogen in: - Answer- the liver The effect of bile upon fats is: - Answer- emulsification The word that best describes the action of bile fats is it: - Answer- emulsifies The function of bile is to: - Answer- emulsify fats Villi in the small intestine: - Answer- increase the surface area of the organ and absorbs nutrients The process that takes place in the ileum is: - Answer- absorption A substance that is NOT an end product of digestion is: - Answer- maltose Digested food is MAINLY absorbed is the: - Answer- small intestine Nutrients are MAINLY absorbed in the: - Answer- large intestine Water is MAINLY absorbed in the: - Answer- large intestine The vocal chords are found in the: - Answer- larynx 20 The hormone which acts on cells to increase amino acid uptake and protein synthesis is: - Answer- luteinising hormone ACTH influences the secretion of: - Answer- cortisone Anti-diurefic hormone is released by the: - Answer- posterior lobe of the pituitary gland Vasopressin (ADH) regulates: - Answer- the amount of urine exereted by the kidneys The hormone which regulates the body's metabolism is: - Answer- thyroxine The element required by the thyroid gland for the production of its hormone is: - Answer- iodine Hormones that contain IODINE are produced by the: - Answer- thyroid Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of the hormone: - Answer- thyroxine When the plasma calcium level falls, parathyroid hormone secretion: - Answer- increases The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland regulates the: - Answer- level of calcium in blood plasma In tetany there is a low blood level of: - Answer- calcium The islets of Langerhans are located in the: - Answer- pancreas Insulin in the blood controls the concentration of: - Answer- glucose A function of insulin is to: - Answer- promote the uptake of glucose by the cells Glucagon is a hormone produced by: - Answer- the alpha cells of the pancreas A person with diabetes loses weight and tires easily because: - Answer- she is unable to metabolise blood sugar A person with diabetes lacks: - Answer- insulin A disease caused by a disorder of the pancreas is: - Answer- diabetes mellitus The adrenal glands are situated: - Answer- on top of the kidneys Which of the following is NOT caused by adrenaline? - Answer- erection of hairs 21 The release of adrenaline: - Answer- increases blood glucose levels and heart rate The endocrine gland that secretes a hormone which helps a person to react in a dangerous situation is the: - Answer- adrenal gland Oestrogen is produced in the: - Answer- ovary The gland which controls the production of sex hormones is: - Answer- the pituitary gland Female reproductive organs are under control of: - Answer- F.S.H. A function of oestrogen is to: - Answer- regenerate the endometrium The change from a girl to an adult at puberty is controlled by the hormone: - Answer- oestrogen Ovulation usually takes place about: - Answer- fourteen days after menstruation The hormone which converts the Graafian follicle to a corpus luteum is: - Answer- luteinising hormone The corpus luteum produces hormones under the influence: - Answer- the pituitary gland The corpus luteum: - Answer- is formed during every menstrual cycle Progesterone levels fall: - Answer- after degeneration of the corpus luteum Which one of the following statements about the uterus is INCORRECT? - Answer- eggs are fertilised there Fertilisation of an ovum takes place in the: - Answer- fallopian tube Hormones are NOT secreted by: - Answer- the uterus The effect of the contraceptive pill is to: - Answer- prevent pregnancy While using the contraceptive pill: - Answer- ovulation does not take place The hormone which controls the change from a boy to an adult at puberty is: - Answer- testosterone During menstration oestrogen and progesterone occur in the: - Answer- Endometrium Impulses are transmitted throughout the body principally by: - Answer- nervous tissue 22 A neuron is: - Answer- composed of a cell body, dendrites and an axon The cell body of a sensory neurone is found in the: - Answer- dorsal root of the spinal cord The cellular process that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body is the: - Answer- axon The process in which a nerve is stimulated is: - Answer- chemical-electrical An example of a neuro-transmitter is: - Answer- acetylcholine The central nervous system is made of: - Answer- brain and spinal cord The white matter of the brain and spinal cord is composed of: - Answer- axons Voluntary muscle movements are controlled by: - Answer- the cerebrum Neurons are found: - Answer- in the cerebral cortex The part of the brain concerned with memory is the: - Answer- cerebrum The part of the brain concerned with controlling respiration is the: - Answer- medulla oblongata The function of the medulla oblongata in the brain is to: - Answer- control heartbeat and breathing rate The part of the brain that directs precise, smooth movements and the maintenance of balance is the: - Answer- cerebellum The part of the brain which regulates posture and maintains the tone of muscles is the: - Answer- cerebellum The part of the reflex arc which contains both sensory and motor nerve fibres is the: - Answer- spinal nerve Which one of the following is NOT an example of a reflex action? - Answer- heart beating A simple reflex arc follows the following pathway: - Answer- sense organ -nerve- spinal ganglion-spinal cord, etc. A nervous stimulus enters the spinal cord via: - Answer- the spinal ganglion and the posterior horn and leaves via the anterior horn 25 The growing stage of the hair growth cycle is called: - Answer- anagen The stage of the hair growth cycle in which the follicle shortens is: - Answer- catagen The resting stage of the hair growth cycle is called: - Answer- telogen The stage of hair growth in which a club hair formed is: - Answer- catagen Sebaceous glands are attached to: - Answer- hair follicles In skin: - Answer- sebaceous glands are affected by sex hormones The function of the sebaceous glands in the skin is to: - Answer- produce oil to soften the skin Sebum consists of: - Answer- lipids mixed with epithelial cells Maintaining the acidity of the skin is necessary: - Answer- prevent bacteria attacking the skin Which one of the following statements is correct? - Answer- the pH of the skin is normally slightly acid Which of the following glands are attached to some hair follicles? - Answer- apocrine Which one of the following is NOT found in the dermis? - Answer- epithelial tissue The solidity of the dermis is mainly due to: - Answer- elastic and collagen fibres Which one of the following results in local vasodilation? - Answer- histamine The subcutaneous tissue is: - Answer- constructed from fat cells and fine fibres Which one of the following does NOT occur when the skin is exposed to ultra violet rays? - Answer- horny layer becomes thinner Without the use of galvanic current, water soluble substances: - Answer- cannot penetrate into the skin at all The skin protects the body against micro-organisms by: - Answer- producing an acid mantle The skin's moisture content is lost more rapidly when the surrounding air is excessively: - Answer- hot 26 The skin regulates body temperature in hot weather by: - Answer- dilation of blood vessels The skin regulates body temperature in cold weather by: - Answer- constriction of blood vessels Hair is caused to stand on end by the action of: - Answer- arrector pili muscles The main effect of sweating is to: - Answer- lower body temperature The skin acts as a sensory organ because it responds to stimuli such as: - Answer- pressure The skin acis as a sensory organ because it contains: - Answer- nerve endings The skin can absorb oily substances: - Answer- through the hair follicle Which of the following statements are correct? I. Lipids are absorbed into the skin through the epidermis II. Lipids are absorbed into the skin through the dermis. - Answer- only I is correct The skin is an excretory organ because it excretes: - Answer- sweat When the skin is exposed to sunlight produces: - Answer- vitamin D Skin is thinnest on the: - Answer- eyelids Skin is thickest on the: - Answer- palms of the hands Deep wrinkles in the skin are caused by: - Answer- changes in structure of collagen fibres The natural creases in the skin are known as: - Answer- Langer's lines One of the factors which partly responsible for skin colour is: - Answer- blood supply The colour of skin in a healthy person is determined mainly by: - Answer- melanin Herpes zoster: - Answer- affects the nerves A wart is caused by: - Answer- A virus Which one of the following skin diseases is caused by a fungus? - Answer- ringworm A skin infection where small depigmented areas are seen, particularly on a tanned skin is: - Answer- tinea versicolor 27 A skin infestation in which burrows are seen and which is very itchy is: - Answer- scabies A congenital skin disorder: - Answer- psoriasis A skin disease caused by disorder of keratinisation is: - Answer- ichthyosis Ichthyosis is a skin disease in which there is: - Answer- A disorder of the keratinisation- process of the skin, during which coarse scales are formed Stretch-marks result from: - Answer- degeneration of the connective tissue A malignant tumour of epithelial tissue is called: - Answer- carcinoma A skin condition which can be a symptom of advanced liver disease is: - Answer- spider naevi The cause of a port wine stain is: - Answer- an abnormal growth of vessels blood vessels Separation of a nail plate from it's nail bed is called: - Answer- onycholysis The name of the nail condition in which there are deep horizontal ridges is: - Answer- Beau's lines The name given to white spots on the nail is: - Answer- leuconychia The name given to a fungal infection of nails is: - Answer- tinea unguium The name of the nail condition in which there is pitting is: - Answer- psoriasis Herpetic whitlow is recognised as: - Answer- inflammation and swelling of tissue surrounding the nail Hang nail is recognised as: - Answer- a strip of skin at the side of the nail The condition in which a nail is thick and brittle with white powdery deposits is: - Answer- tinea unguium Blepharoplasty is: - Answer- surgery to correct ageing of the eyes Rhinoplasty is an operation: - Answer- to alter the shape of the nose An operation to tighten and raise the skin is called: - Answer- apronectomy 30 The process in which a liquid is boiled and the vapour allowed to condense is called: - Answer- distillation The property of becoming temporarily liquid when shaken or stirred is called: - Answer- thixotropy An emulsion in which the parts are all of the same size is called: - Answer- homogenous The thickness of liquid is known as: - Answer- viscosity An emulsion is: - Answer- an homogeneous mixture of two substances not mixing under normal conditions A more permanent mixture of two immiscible substances is called a/an: - Answer- emulsion An emulsion is: - Answer- a dispersion of one phase in another The main ingredient oil-in-water emulsion is: - Answer- water The main ingredient in a water-in-oil emulsion is: - Answer- oil The main function of an emollient is to: - Answer- soften the surface of the skin Which one of the following has an emoltient effect on the skin? - Answer- almond oil A wax of vegetable origin used in the making of lipstick is: - Answer- carnauba A substance having the ability to attract water to itself is: - Answer- humectant Which one of the following is a humectant? - Answer- propylene glycol A substance that repels water is called: - Answer- hydrophobic The effect of camomile on the skin is: - Answer- anti-inflammatory Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is found in: - Answer- self-tanning products Royal jelly contains: - Answer- Vitamin B The name given to the grease extracted from sheep's wool is: - Answer- lanolin Which one of the following is white, solid, substance? - Answer- cetyl alcohol Algae are used in cosmetic because they: - Answer- have a conditioning effect on the skin 31 Which one of the following ingredients is obtained from a succulent cactus-like plant? - Answer- aloe vera Amino acids are used in cosmetics because they: - Answer- moisturise the skin Azulene is substance obtained from: - Answer- the camomile plant Allantoin is used in cosmetics because: - Answer- of it's healing properties Aluminium salts are ingredients of: - Answer- astringents Calamine is used in cosmetics because it: - Answer- has a soothing effect Chlorhexidine is used in cosmetics because: - Answer- it is an effective bacteriocide Collagen is used in cosmetics because it: - Answer- helps the skin retain moisture Hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching agent because it: - Answer- is an oxidising agent Natural moisturising factor (NMF) contain: - Answer- amino acids Placentary extracts are used in cosmetics: - Answer- for skin activating Witch hazel is used in cosmetics as: - Answer- an astringent An ingredient of anti-acne products is: - Answer- vitamin A acid An example of a herb used in cosmetics is: - Answer- arnica Water that contains large of calcium and magnesium salts is called: - Answer- hard water Hard water can be made suitable for clinic purposes by: - Answer- distillation Water can be softened in different ways. NOT suitable is to: - Answer- add lime Water that does NOT contain any other substance is: - Answer- distilled water Volatile oils obtained from flowers and leaves are known as: - Answer- obtained essential oils A method of extracting essential oils from flowers and leaves is: - Answer- solvent extraction 32 A substance added to perfume to slow down the rate of evaporation of the volatile ingredients is called: - Answer- a fixative An alternative to the use of wet cotton pads when cleansing the face is: - Answer- facial sponges The main function of a day cream is to: - Answer- protect the skin against the environment The function of a moisturiser is to: - Answer- prevent dehydration of the skin The function of a tonic is to: - Answer- remove oil fron the skin after cleansing An ingredient of astringents is: - Answer- witch hazel A night cream usually has a high content of: - Answer- oil Which one of the following ingredients is a sunscreen? - Answer- octyl methoxycinnamate Face masks are used on the skin because they: - Answer- leave the skin smooth and soft A substance widely used as an astringent is: - Answer- witch hazel Calamine is used as an ingredient of face masks because it: - Answer- has a soothing effect An ingredient of face masks that has strong absorbent properties is: - Answer- kaolin A mask ingredient that is capable of dissolving dead cells on the skin's surface is: - Answer- sulphur A mask ingredient that has a soothing effect and is used on mature dry skins is: - Answer- almond oil An important ingredient of hand lotions and hand cream is: - Answer- a humectant Foundation should be applied with a: - Answer- sponge Areas the face that have wide or prominent features which must be minimised are covered with: - Answer- darker foundation A foundation has the effect of: - Answer- giving an even colour to the skin The function of a concealer in make-up is to: - Answer- cover areas of the face 35 A disinfectant is: - Answer- A chemical that helps to kill disease-producing micro- organisms AIDS: - Answer- is disease is a disease in which a virus destroys lymphocytes AIDS is caused by: - Answer- a virus Hepatitis means: - Answer- inflammation of the liver Hepatitis B is caused by: - Answer- A virus A client should cleanse her skin to: - Answer- remove surface dirt A client should tone her skin to: - Answer- remove excess cleanser The main aim of skin cleansing is to: - Answer- remove surface dirt and make-up Which one of the following is NOT a method of cleansing the skin: - Answer- astringent lotion The qualities of a skin cleanser should: a) cleanse the skin effectively, without causing irritation b) remove all traces of make-up and grease c) be easy to remove from the skin d) all of the above - Answer- all of the above Advice that should be given to client for skin cleansing at home: - Answer- cleanse and tone twice a day Draining effleurage should be used: - Answer- to relax tight, contracted muscles The psychological effects of massage are: - Answer- sedates and uplifts client The treatment for obstructed pores with many comedones is: - Answer- lymph drainage Frictions are given first of all to: - Answer- relax stiff, deeply situated muscles A direct effect of massage on the skin is: - Answer- physiological action Frictions are given in the first place to: - Answer- lessen hardness in the deeper situated muscles A stroking method of massage is known as: - Answer- effleurage The most stimulating effective massage movement for blood circulation is: - Answer- tapotement 36 The massage movement in which the skin is grasped between the thumb and forefinger is called: - Answer- petrissage Strengthening weakened muscles of facial expression can best be achieved using: - Answer- finger tapotements A contra-indication to a full body massage is: - Answer- a recent removal of malignant tissue Frictions, small circular movements performed with pads of thumbs or fingers, are most effective: - Answer- around joint areas The purpose of friction movements is to: - Answer- disperse local pockets of oedema Rapid muscle contractions in the therapists hands produce the massage movement knowin as: - Answer- vibration The most stimulating massage movement is: - Answer- tapotement A heavy jaw outline with much fatty tissue can be treated with: - Answer- tapotements and petrissages In case of fluid accumulation under the eyes, the best way to relieve the so called "bags" is to: - Answer- give a drainage from the nose-eye-corner towards the temporal bone Tapotements particularly influence: - Answer- muscle tone The medium used during a full body massage is: - Answer- oil When giving a massage, hand mobility is important for maintaining a: - Answer- regular rhythm If it becomes necessary for the therapist to interrupt a massage treatment, the hands should: - Answer- be feathered off the client's body When giving a massage, it is important that the client be: - Answer- fully relaxed For freedom of movement and to reduce fatigue, it is important for the therapist to: - Answer- maintain correct posture A treatment used on the feet to release toxins and improve circulation is: - Answer- reflexology The main advantage of waxing is to: - Answer- take hair out from the root 37 Hair growing back in a stubble is often the result of using the hair removal method known as: - Answer- shaving Which one of the following is a PERMANENT method of hair removal? - Answer- electrical epilation The hair shaft and the hair root removed by: - Answer- depilatory wax Removal of hair by the roots is called: - Answer- epilation An advantage of strip waxing compared to other methods of hair removal is that it: - Answer- is the quickest method A contra-indication to electrical epilation is: - Answer- the client with a pace-maker Hot wax should be applied with: - Answer- A wooden spatula A method of forcing water-soluble substances into the skin using an electric current is: - Answer- iontophoresis Permanent hair removal takes place by: - Answer- electrical epilation Lymph drainage is performed correctly if the beauty therapist gives: - Answer- pumping movements on the tissue Intermitent pressure is used to: - Answer- remove liquid out of the muscle tissue Which one of the following statements is correct? - Answer- warm water and vapour cause hyperaemia in the skin resulting in an increased glandular activity The main effect of desincrustation is the: - Answer- production of alkali at the cathode Ozone is formed during: - Answer- high frequency massage A usual purification of the skin is performed: - Answer- with steam or steam and herbs A galvanic current is used during: - Answer- desincrustation An electrical treatment that uses sound waves is: - Answer- audio-sonic An electrical treatment that is used for toning muscles is: - Answer- interferential The effect of a laser treatinent can be to: - Answer- help remove tattoos The main purpose of a brush machine is to: - Answer- remove dead cells from the skin's surface 40 In order to attract the attention of pedestrians, beauty centres should be clearly: - Answer- visible An excellent location for a beauty salon is near a: - Answer- department store A possible business area must be carefully investigated for potential: - Answer- clients Business comparisons with other years are made possible by an analysis of: - Answer- the balance sheet The impression formed for the entire beauty salon usually is set by the: - Answer- reception area In a well organised skin care clinic, it is important to have: - Answer- a reception area The largest expense item in operating a beauty centre employing staff is usually: - Answer- salaries The second most costly item in operating a clinic is usually: - Answer- rent Legal third-party insurance and professional indemnity insurance for salon covers: - Answer- injury to a customer in the salon during a treatment Insurance policies are purchased by beauty salon owners to protect themselves against being sued for: - Answer- malpractice Cash that is received from a client should be entered in the: - Answer- daily accounting book A document which gives details of the cost of goods services received is: - Answer- an invoice An accurate and efficient control of supplies can be maintained only by having an organised: - Answer- stock control Accurate daily records permit the evaluation of: - Answer- business progress To be effective, advertising must create: - Answer- desire A comparatively inexpensive form of salon advertisement is: - Answer- local newspaper A method of advertising most suitable for a beauty salon would be: - Answer- in a local newspaper 41 A method of promoting a salon by free publicity would be: - Answer- inviting a journalist to visit the salon A method of advertising a beauty salon would be to: - Answer- send out a direct-mailing A comparatively inexpensive method of promoting a salon is to: - Answer- work out a public relations strategy The best form of promoting a beauty center is: - Answer- satisfied clients Careless appointment booking methods often contribute to: - Answer- dissatisfied clients Good telephone habils and techniques help to build up the clinic's: - Answer- reputation One of the most important uses of the telephone in the beauty centre is to: - Answer- make appointments for clients An example of poor professional ethics is: - Answer- favouritism The esthetician who gossips will lose the clients: - Answer- confidence It is often a good idea for the aesthetician to be a good: - Answer- listener The services of an accountant MAINLY include: - Answer- draw up the balance sheet A triglyceride consist of: - Answer- one molecule of glycerol and up to three molecules of fatty acids The color of the skin in a healthy person is determined mainly by: - Answer- oxygen content When do the electrodes in electrotherapy have to be moistened or to be applied on a moistened skin? - Answer- in iontophoresis and not short wave diathermy In skin, sebaceous glands are affected by: - Answer- sex hormones A hormone which acts on cells to increase amino acid uptake and protein synthesis is: - Answer- growth hormone Urea is produced by: - Answer- amino acids Epiglottis is located: - Answer- between the throat and esophagus A slowly performed petrissage has a: - Answer- stimulating effects on muscle tissue 42 Contagious skin diseases are due to: - Answer- microbiological influences Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries because: - Answer- the concentration of oxygen is lower in the capillaries Vagus nerve are: - Answer- autonomic The extremely thin walls of the capillaries are made of: - Answer- only endothelium Holocrine glands: - Answer- produces sebum Which of the following foods is rich in vitamin b? - Answer- Tomatoes What is the main task of an accountant - Answer- Keep the accounting books What do you if a client complains about a treatment - Answer- Apologize and offer and incentive A malignant turnout of epithelial tissue is called - Answer- Sarcoma Titanium dioxide is - Answer- Reflects uv light algae is found in - Answer- Derived from seaweed The active ingredient of an anti perspirant is - Answer- Hydrogen peroxide Strengthening weakened muscles of facial expression can be best achieved using - Answer- Finger tapotements Water that contains large amounts of calcium and magnesium salt is called - Answer- Hard water natural moisturizing factor - Answer- Contains amino acids A substance which cannot be broken down into simple substances is called - Answer- An element The cortex of the adrenal glands secrete - Answer- The hormones glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids and sex hormones Accessory organs of the digestive tract - Answer- Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands ACTH influences the secretion of? - Answer- Cortisone The nail plate can be divided longitudinally into - Answer- Nail root, nail body, free edge