Erosion Control and Water Management in Construction Projects, Exams of Health Physics

Download Erosion Control and Water Management in Construction Projects and more Exams Health Physics in PDF only on Docsity! T/F: The CGP states that inspections are to occur only during normal working hours - ANSWER--True T/F: the CGP does not mandate inspection of equipment storage and maintenance areas - ANSWER--False T/F: Since 1998, regulations require permits for Phase I (5 acres or more) projects. Since 2003, permits also required for Phase II (1 or more acres) projects - ANSWER--True T/F: Under the CWA, citizens can bring civil action against violators of statutes and regulations. - ANSWER--True As of 2019, Class I Administrative penalties under the CWA are up to BLANK per violation with a max. penalty of BLANK - ANSWER--$20,628; $51,570 Who has the responsibility to make sure that maintenance has been performed on the best management practices? - ANSWER--Contractor and Inspector Who has the responsibility to make sure that control measures are properly selected, installed, and maintained? - ANSWER--Designer, Inspector, and Contractor T/F: The NPDES permit authorizes operators to discharge pollutants in the manner that makes most sense for the site. - ANSWER--False T/F: The EPA must grant approval for cationic flocculants. - ANSWER-- True T/F: The goal of the NPDES permit is to eliminate all discharge of pollutants from a construction site. - ANSWER--False: minimize T/F: The EPA is adamant that BMPs only be installed during the early phases of construction site development. - ANSWER--False Inspections must be done within 24 hours of a storm event which has or greater of rainfall. - ANSWER--0.25 inches T/F: The SWPPP should always include the frequency of inspections - ANSWER--True CWA Penalty Types - ANSWER--Class I. Negligent Class II. Knowingly = Greater Fines What documents are required onsite? - ANSWER--SWPPP CGP Site Map Drawings and Key All inspection reports Any amendments to SWPPP Who is the "Operator" - ANSWER--Usually the OWNER of the site, not the contractor, unless authorized by the owner to general contractor to have day-to-day operational control Vertical Projects - ANSWER--Homebuilding, smaller residential construction projects Usually multiple subcontractors Requires a lot of housekeeping LDP - ANSWER--Land Developing Projects - altering landscape for projects Big Box Projects - ANSWER--Commercial buildings Mass grading and mass chaos Limits site access and continually changing (high activity) Linear Priojects - ANSWER--Roadways, utilities, and stream corridors Long narrow sites and mass chaos Highly visible with fairly large footprint What is erosion? - ANSWER--The process by which soil particles get displaced by the act of wind or water What are three types of wind erosion - ANSWER--Surface Creep, Saltation, and Suspension What is surface creep? - ANSWER--Rolling and sliding movement of particles across a surface. 5-25% total soil loss by wind What is saltation? - ANSWER--Hopping and bouncing movement of particles. 50-80% total soil loss by wind What is suspension? - ANSWER--Small, lightweight particles carried great distances by wind. Less than 10% total soil loss by wind What are the types of water erosion? - ANSWER--Raindrop erosion, sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion, stream and channel erosion, shoreline erosion, landslides What is sheet erosion? - ANSWER--Stripping of soil that occurs due to sheet flows of runoff Rill and Gully Erosion - ANSWER--If the runoff is allowed to concentrate and gain velocity or energy, it will cut rills and gullies as it detaches more soil particles Rills: </= to 3" deep Gullies: 3 or more rills converted to greater that 3" deep Streambank/Channel Erosion - ANSWER--Removal of soil and other embankment materials due to concentrated channel flows T/F: Rills are more than 75mm deep and are often the start of gullies - ANSWER--False: gullies are more than 75mm deep During vertical construction activities, an inspector's job can be quite difficult when you have multiple builders. Who's responsibility is it to install and maintain BMPs in this siutation? - ANSWER--Builders Of the various types of construction activities, what type will likely keep and inspector the busiest? - ANSWER--Linear What type of wind erosion is responsible for the highest amount (50- 80%) of soil transport? - ANSWER--Saltation In regard to rainfall erosion factors, what's more important, the slope of the land or the length of the flow? - ANSWER--Slope T/F: Inspectors must be able to calculate the amount of runoff at the rate of flows that may occur for precipitation events? - ANSWER--False: designers/reviewers T/F: When it comes to using flocculants, designers need to have professional skills and expertise in particle removal in order to achieve minimal turbidity of discharge waters. - ANSWER--True T/F: When an inspector identifies an issue, they should mandate to the builder what the builder must do to remedy the situation. - ANSWER-- False Items to consider about BMPs - ANSWER--Uses and limitations Contributing drainage areas Are BMPs available? How long will they function? What pollutants do they treat? What are some inspector DON'Ts? - ANSWER--Don't redesign SWPPP plans Don't tell GC how to solve problem Shall not issue any false statements Don't maliciously attempt to damage reputation of others Not to seek profit for information/conflict of interest When to install silt fence barriers? - ANSWER--Before construction begins and while construction is occurring Inspecting silt fence barriers - ANSWER--Are the stakes on the DS side of fabric? Is fabric embedded in ground? Does runoff flow under/around/over or in between fabric? Is fabric attached to posts? Has fabric flattened/torn? Never put silt fence up a hill Effectiveness: doesn't filter water, good for ponding What are some examples of hydrocarbon materials? - ANSWER-- Biofuels (gas) Adhesives Pesticides Inspecting fiber rolls - ANSWER--Is there a barrier depression? (Check for backfill materials US) Correct diameter used? Are stakes holding it in place? Is spacing of stakes correct? Will barrier contain runoff at ends too? ("Smile") Does barrier divert runoff to a single discharge point? (bad) Never put fiber rolls on bare ground. Efficiency: weak spots exist at point where two fiber rolls meet Is the vent pipe on the top? Keep screen clean Flocculant treatment types - ANSWER--Liquid treatment system: water pumped from SCS and mixed with flocculant in treatment chamber then sent to capture system where treated water can be discharged Solid treatment system: runoff dissolved to solid flocculant block (may or may not have a treatment chamber) Diversion channel and berms - ANSWER--An EC method used to direct runoff to a specific location Inspection: Will runoff remain within diversion channel? Are embankments stabilized? Is discharge area stabilized? Establishing vegetation - ANSWER--#1 method for EC Delineate areas carefully Vegetative buffer strips: used to delineate areas of no construction and sensitive areas Installing sod: instant EC, but requires moisture and proper installation Seeding - ANSWER--Save removed topsoil for reapplication later when seeding Inspection: Was the hillside tracked UP & DOWN? Was the soil scarified for seeding? Is fertilizer required? Organic vs. synthetic? Inspecting hydraulic mulch - ANSWER--Do "shadows" exist? Was correct amount of material applied? Can you apply it on wet soil? ECB and TRM - ANSWER--Erosion Control Blanket (usually on hillsides) and Turf Reinforcement Mats (usually on channels) Inspection: Has seed been planted before laying blanket? Is materials anchored in trench? Do sufficient staples exist? (2" apart) Are the edges secured? Can you pull the TRM 6-12"? (not good) Hard armoring - ANSWER--Using riprap on hillsides Are animals burrowing in it? Is sediment accumulating on rocks? Is the rock being undercut or collapsing? Cellular confinements - ANSWER--Rigid plastic structures where soil can be placed into for vegetative establishment Inspecting hazardous and waste materials - ANSWER--Are materials stored appropriately/preferably inside? Are materials labeled? Are the materials disposed of properly? Is there portable containment (concrete washout)? Is there proper protection underneath materials and are they covered? Inspecting portable toilets - ANSWER--Is it away from an inlet and off paved roads? Are they anchored well and have secondary containment? How many inches of snowfall equals 0.25 inches of rainfall? - ANSWER-- 3.25" You may reduce the frequency of inspections to BLANK per month for the first month, no more than BLANK calendar days apart, then twice per month until permit coverage is terminated? - ANSWER--Twice; 14 Inspection report requirements - ANSWER--Inspection date Names and titles of personnel making inspection Summary of inspection findings If inspecting post-rain event, include applicable rain gauge and weather readings If unsafe, not reason and specify locations to which condition applies Must be signed by Operator Must keep copy of reports and retain them for at least 3 years Corrective action deadlines - ANSWER--Completion within a day or 7 days For each corrective action taken, you must record the following in a corrective action log: - ANSWER--Within 24 hours of identifying corrective action condition, document specific condition and date/time identified Within 24 hours of completing the corrective action, document actions taken to address condition, including whether any SWPPP modifications are required T/F: Contractors are authorized by the CGP to discharge pollutants - ANSWER--True: permit authorizes operators to discharge pollutants in accordance with limitations and conditions set forth by the permite T/F: The CGP mandates that qualified inspectors be knowledgeable about S&EC and pollution prevention - ANSWER--True T/F: The CGP mandates that erosion due to runoff events must be prevented - ANSWER—False Who can file a civil action per the CWA? - ANSWER-Any citizen Who can have a civil action filed against them? - ANSWER-Any person, the US, or other government agency, or the EPA When would a governor file a civil suit? - ANSWER-If there is a violation occurring in another state that is causing an adverse effect on the public health/welfare of their state or for a violation of any water quality requirement in their state Explain Class I vs. Class II violations - ANSWER-Class I is negligent and Class II is knowingly T/F: Contractors are authorized by the CGP to discharge pollutants - ANSWER-True T/F: The CGP mandates that erosion due to runoff events must be prevented - ANSWER-True T/F: The CGP mandates that qualified inspectors be knowledgeable about sediment and erosion control and pollution prevention - ANSWER-True T/F: The CGP states that inspections are to occur only during normal working hours - ANSWER-True T/F: The CGP does not mandate inspectors of equipment storage and maintenance areas - ANSWER-False Which of the following are correct statements about the CWA? Citizens can bring civil actions against alleged violators and/or the EPA T/F: Storm drain inlet protection practices remove all sediment runoff waters and allow clean water to flow into the drainage system - ANSWER-False T/F: Saltation is a form of wind erosion - ANSWER-True T/F: The most effective method for sediment control involves containing sediment-laden runoff waters for sufficient time to allow heavier suspended particles to settle - ANSWER-True T/F: It is not cost-effective to implement erosion control methods while construction activities are occurring - ANSWER-False T/F: Inspectors do not need to know much about hydrology - ANSWER- False What is the motto of an inspector? - ANSWER-Observe, inspect, and report, but never mandate What are the three types of wind erosion? - ANSWER-Surface creep, saltation, and suspension Which type of erosion is described below? The rolling and sliding movement of particles across a surface - ANSWER-Creep What is saltation? - ANSWER-The hopping and bouncing movement of particles; particles are lifted into the atmosphere but return to the ground and dislodge other particles What is the breakdown of soil loss by wind erosion type? - ANSWER- Creep: 5-25%; Saltation: 50-80%; Suspension: less than 10% Order these soils by most erodible to least erodible: silt, clay, sand - ANSWER-silt, sand, clay What are the different types of water erosion? - ANSWER- Raindrop/splash, sheet, rill, gully, streambank and channel What are some other forms of erosion? - ANSWER-Shoreline, landslides, debris flows, geological T/F: S&EC drawings approved by regulatory agencies cannot be updated or modified - ANSWER-False T/F: The CGP mandates that designers of S&EC drawings be registered professionals - ANSWER-False T/F: At any time, contractors can replace any BMP with mitigation measures of their own choosing - ANSWER-True T/F: Inspectors should always mandate to contractors what BMPs to install on construction sites - ANSWER-False Which of the following is NOT part of the CISEC Code of Ethics? A CISEC shall not issue a false statement or false information at any time A CISEC shall not write an inspection report that is detrimental to their employer or client A CISEC shall not divulge any information given in confidence A CISEC shall not falsely or maliciously attempt to damage the reputation of another - ANSWER-2 Which of the following is an acceptable gift according to the CISEC Code of Ethics? $50 cash for falsifying an inspection report A gift certificate from a client in gratitude for help on a completed project EC, SC, WEC, or None: Sediment pond - ANSWER-SC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Channel TRM (turf reinforced mats) - ANSWER- EC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Silt fence barrier - ANSWER-SC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Hydraulic or straw mulch - ANSWER-EC, WEC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Earthen diversion berm - ANSWER-EC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Rock barrier in front of a 2% grade street inlet opening - ANSWER-None EC, SC, WEC, or None: Turbidity barrier - ANSWER-SC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Vehicle tracking pad - ANSWER-SC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Slope drain - ANSWER-EC EC, SC, WEC, or None: Planted seed (with no mulch) that has not yet germinated - ANSWER-None Explain final stabilization criteria - ANSWER-1. Establish uniform, perennial vegetation to provide 70% or more of the native vegetative cover; and/or 2. Implement permanent non-vegetative stabilization measures to provide effective cover of any areas of exposed soil (exceptions for arid, semi-arid, and drought- stricken areas, ag land, or areas that need to remain disturbed)