Mythology and Ancient Greek Culture, Exams of Classical Literature

Download Mythology and Ancient Greek Culture and more Exams Classical Literature in PDF only on Docsity! CLA 10 Midterm 1(262 Questions with Correct Answers) Updated 2024. What is myth? - Correct answer A traditional story with collective importantce What are the three elements that myths contain? - Correct answer 1. plot 2. characters 3. setting What is the setting for myths? - Correct answer distant past What is character? - Correct answer the sum of the choices one makes What does traditional mean? - Correct answer Passed down orally as a transmission of a culture's sense of itself: past wisdom, memories, and models What does collective importance mean? - Correct answer 1. meaningful for the larger group, not an individual 2. reflect a culture's concerns and values 3. provide models for members of society How is mythos different from logos? - Correct answer The teller of logos takes responsibility for the truth of what is said Does a myth has an author? - Correct answer No Myths have variants. There are no truer versions of a myth, True or False? - Correct answer True What are the three types of myths? - Correct answer Folktales, Legends, and Divine Myths What kind of characters are in divine myths and what purpose does divine myths serve? - Correct answer supernatural beings explain why and how the world is the way it is What kind of characters are in legends and what purpose does divine myths serve? - Correct answer Heroes and heroines narrate great deeds of human past What kind of characters are in folktales and what purpose does folktales serve - Correct answer Ordinary people or animals Entertain or teach or justify types of behavior When do divine myths take place? - Correct answer before time and space function as it does now What are etiological myths? - Correct answer Myths with explanatory purpose (ex: why the seasons vary) How are divine myths and modern theoretical science similar? - Correct answer they both explain the origins of the fundamental arrangement of cosmos as we experience it When do legends take place? - Correct answer in the remote past, thought to be real events Do legends have historical accuracy? - Correct answer some historical accuracy, but mostly story How is folktale different from legends? - Correct answer "plain" folks and animals, characters are not believed to have existed What is the function of folktales? - Correct answer 1. entertain 2. justify traditional forms of society and beliefs What are motifs? - Correct answer Identifiable folktale "types" and features of types How are divine myths and legends related to folktales? - Correct answer they contain many folktale motifs and types What are the four different ways of studying myths? - Correct answer Collecting the Stories Cultural Significance of the Stories Comparative Approach Assessment of Myth What was the Greeks' diet? - Correct answer olives, grapes, goats milk, not a lot of meat What material did the Greeks have? - Correct answer rich in limestone, marble, clay Boeotia - Correct answer Thebes Attica - Correct answer Athens Attica, Boeotia, and Euboea are within? - Correct answer Macedonia What cities are in Peloponnesus - Correct answer Olympia, Sparta, Mycenae Argolis - Correct answer Mycenae Greeks called themselves? - Correct answer Hellenes The Peloponnesian War occurred during which period? - Correct answer The Classical period Who fought against who during the Peloponnesian War - Correct answer Athens vs Sparta Philosophy and science developed during which period to counter myth? - Correct answer The Classical period Herodotus was a Greek? - Correct answer Historian Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides wrote? - Correct answer tragedies When do Greek cities lose their independence and become subject to Macedon under King Philip II? - Correct answer The Classical period (338 BCE) What marks the end of the classical period? - Correct answer Alexander the Great's death in 323 BCE What happens to the conquest of Alexander the Great? - Correct answer divided into 3 nations When does Rome conquer Greek mainland? - Correct answer 146 BCE Hellenistic period What marks the end of Hellenistic period? - Correct answer Egyptian queen Cleopatra's suicide What was the the defining activity of manhood - Correct answer war What was the most valued virtue of males in Greek society? - Correct answer Self- control Greek was what kind of society? - Correct answer homosocial society: Men spent most of their time with men; women were hidden and uneducated What fighting style did the Greeks use? - Correct answer Hoplites and the Phalanx What is Symposium - Correct answer "drinking party"; basic social context; heavy drinking and sex common What is Pederasty - Correct answer an acknowledged erotic relationship between an older male and a younger male; younger male courted at excersicing ground or at symposia; acceptance would lead to sex; older male serves as mentor What is gynaikeion? - Correct answer the part of the house where women lived What is the Parthenos stage of a woman's life? - Correct answer virgin, "dangerous" between first menstruation and marriage What is the Nymphê stage of a woman's life? - Correct answer bride What is miasma - Correct answer "blood pollution" What is the Gynê stage of a woman's life - Correct answer matron Who is the controller of household and has significant economic influence in Greek society? - Correct answer Greek women What is the meaning of magic to Greeks? - Correct answer real and powerful to the Greeks Greek myths and Greek culture are influenced by - Correct answer older Near Eastern cultures of Mesopotamia What is an Aoidoi? - Correct answer bards who transmitted myths What is the sequence of Rulers of Mesopotamia - Correct answer Sumerian Akkadians Babylonian Persians In Sumerican myth, An is the god of? - Correct answer sky In Sumerican myth, Inanna is the goddess of? - Correct answer queen of heaven, lust and war In Sumerican myth, Enlil is the god of? - Correct answer lord of the storm, power on Earth In Sumerican myth, Enki is the god of? - Correct answer lord of earth, sweet water and wisdom In Sumerican myth, Ki is the goddess of? - Correct answer mother earth n Sumerican myth,, Ereshkigal is the goddess of? - Correct answer queen of great below, death What is Dactylic hexameter? - Correct answer long-short-short X6 Homer's Iliad and Odyssey are epic poems, what are epic poems? - Correct answer a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of heroes Homer's Iliad and Odyssey depicts which period? - Correct answer Mycenaean period, age of heroes and some Dark Age Epic songs performed for entertainment of the? - Correct answer aristocracy Who is Hesiod? - Correct answer Came from Asia Minor, was a singer of stories What works were produced by Hesiod? - Correct answer Theogony and The Works and Days What is The Works and Days about? - Correct answer Issues of right and wrong; wisdom literature What is Theogony about? - Correct answer An account of the origins of the cosmos to its present form; has many Near Eastern motifs What are Cyclic Poems / Homeric Cycle about? When is it created? - Correct answer A "circle" around the Iliad and the Odyssey; Include events not in the two great epics Archaic Period What are the "Homeric" Hymns? When is it created? - Correct answer Songs to a deity in a public setting, in Homeric style but not Homer Archaic Period Aoidoi gradually disappear in which period? - Correct answer classical period Whare are the Rhapsodes? - Correct answer performed written poems that they had memorized What is Choral Song? - Correct answer a group of 12 people chant in public ritual setting Where are Greek tragedies performed? - Correct answer Festival of Dionysus What was Aristotle's Poetics on value of tragedy? - Correct answer cleansing of city through pity and fear Harmartia: mistake How many tragedies survive for Aeschylus? - Correct answer 7; Grand moral issues; deep imagery and symbolism How many tragedies survive for Sophocles? - Correct answer 7; Dignity of the hero caught in conflict of wills Harpies, human-headed birds Gorgons, snake-haired women with wings and tusks Chimera, lion with snake tail, goat's head on back Cerberus, many-headed dog who guards the underworld Geryon (3 bodies joined at waist) Who tells Cronus that one of his offspring will oust him? - Correct answer his parents (Gaea and Uranus) How does Cronus prevent himself being ousted by his offsprings - Correct answer By swallowing Rhea's newborns, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon How is Zeus born? - Correct answer Rhea gives birth to Zeus and hides him in Crete, raised by nymphs in secret, Cronus swallows rock instead How does Zeus overthrow Cronus? What happens to his siblings? - Correct answer Not known of how Zeus overthrow Cronus according to Hesiod; Zeus and siblings, all now vomited up and intact, occupy Mt. Olympus (Hades to the underworld) What is the The Titanomachy - Correct answer The Titans strike back against Zeus, Olympians win with help of Cyclopes, they forged the thunderbolt of Zeus. They also win with help of Hecatonchires Who is the only Titan to help the Olympians in the Titanomachy? - Correct answer Themis and her son Prometheus What restores the Olympians strength? - Correct answer Nectar and Ambrosia What does Zeus represent? - Correct answer Justice and Force What happens to the Titans after they were defeated? - Correct answer Cast down to Tartarus Atlas Forced to hold up the heavens at the edge of the earth (Atlantic ocean) Who is Typhoeus? - Correct answer Child of Gaea and Tartarus, has 100 heads of dragons on his shoulders Gaea uses him to turn against Zeus; defeated by Zeus According to Apollodorus, what happens to Typhoeus after he is defeated? - Correct answer Typhoeus buried under (volcanic) Mt. Etna in Sicily Who does Zeus marry and swallow after he learns one of her offspring will overthrow him? - Correct answer Oceanid Metis (Cleverness) How is Athena born? - Correct answer Zeus gets headache, Athena (Goddess of Wisdom and War) pops fully-formed from his head; Athena is child of male What happens during Gigantomachy? - Correct answer Gaea uses the Giants against Zeus, but are defeated with the help of Heracles How does Greek creation myths follow the basic pattern of Near Eastern Creation myths? - Correct answer 1. Successive generations of gods battle with each other 2. Progression from female (e.g., Mother Earth) to male (King and Father of Gods and Men) Who is Uranus' parallel in Near East Myth according to Kingship in Heaven? - Correct answer Anush (sky) Who is Chaos' parallel in Near East Myth according to Kingship in Heaven? - Correct answer Alalush Who is Cronus' parallel in Near East Myth according to Kingship in Heaven? - Correct answer Kumarbi Who is Teshub's parallel in Near East Myth according to Kingship in Heaven? - Correct answer Zeus According to Enuma Elish , who is the parallel of Zeus? - Correct answer Marduk According to Enuma Elish , who is the parallel of Chaos? - Correct answer Apsu & Tiamat According to Enuma Elish , who is the parallel of Gaea? - Correct answer Lahmu & Lahamu According to Enuma Elish , who is the parallel of Uranus? - Correct answer Anshar (heaven), Kishar (earth) Who is the creator of human and from which source did this come from? - Correct answer Prometheus is the creator of mortals. Hesiod does not tell the origin of mortals, but from Roman Metamorphoses Prometheus represent? - Correct answer "forethought" "thief" trickster What is the The Incident at Meconê? - Correct answer Prometheus offered sacrifice bundles to Zeus and asked which Zeus preferred: One was huge pieces of fat wrapped about bones, One was fatty meat wrapped inside the ox's stomach How is The Incident at Mecone a etiological myth? - Correct answer It explains why Greeks ate the meat and offered the bones and pure fat to the gods How does Zeus punish Prometheus after being tricked? - Correct answer harms man by removing fire from the human world After fire was taken from the human world, how is it returned? - Correct answer Prometheus sneaks some fire from heaven in a fennel stock and gives it back to mankind How is Prometheus punished for giving back humans fire? - Correct answer bound to a rock, where every day an eagle eats his liver, which grows back at night Who wrote the play Prometheus Bound? - Correct answer Aeschylus According to Aeschylus, Prometheus saves humankind from? - Correct answer cluelessness Who eventually breaks Prometheus free permitted by Zeus and why? - Correct answer Heracles, so that Prometheus will tell Zeus which female deity would threat his ruling Who is the female deity that will threaten Zeus's rule? - Correct answer Thetis, a sea nymph (daughter of Nereus) How does Zeus treat the female deity that will threaten his rule? - Correct answer He marries Thetis to Peleus, a mortal. They will give birth to Achilles According to Hesiod, what is man's ultimate affliction from Zeus? - Correct answer Women How is Pandora created? - Correct answer build from clay and water by Zeus and other Gods. Hephaestus forms her, with speech, strength, lovely face Athena teaches her to weave Aphrodite gives desire, heartbreak, all the aching sorrow of love Hermes gives her "thievish morals, and ... the soul of a bitch" (67); lies, swindles, thievish behavior (76) Who is Pandora married to? - Correct answer Epimetheus ("Afterthought" = "Dummy") , Prometheus' brother Pandora opens the jar, what failed to escape from the jar? - Correct answer Hope What does Pandora's Jar represent? - Correct answer Women as containers of men's seeds; Men have to place all their hope for offspring on/in women What is another origin story of why humans suffer? - Correct answer The Five Stories from Hesiod's Works and Days Hera is the goddess of? - Correct answer Goddess of Marriage, Women's Fertility What is Hera's animal symbol? - Correct answer Cow Who is Hephaestus' mother? - Correct answer Hera, but born asexually Poseidon known as? - Correct answer "the shaker of earth" What was Poseidon originally associated with? - Correct answer springs, horses, earthquakes Poseidon, instead of Thunderbolt, has what as his weapon - Correct answer Trident What does Hades' name mean? - Correct answer invisible; invisibility helmet as a gift from Cyclopes Apollo is the god of? - Correct answer Prophecy and many other things What are some attributes of Apollo - Correct answer aristocratic beardless youth bows & arrows laurel crown lyre (from Hermes) tripod (oracle) Why is Delos associated with Apollo? - Correct answer Hera punishes Leto by saying that no place that sees the light of day could receive the children; Delos was an floating island What does Apollo kill at Mt.Parnassus at Delphi? - Correct answer Python Apollo's main priests are named? - Correct answer the Pythia What is the Delphic oracle? - Correct answer Most significant religious center of Greece; regarded highly by ALL Greeks The center of world is marked by? - Correct answer omphalos (the stone swallowed by Cronus) What is the relationship between Cassandra and Apollo? - Correct answer given prophetic powers in exchange for sex, but then she denied the sex, became the prophet whose words no one believes What is the relationship between Sibyl of Cumae and Apollo? - Correct answer Given "as many years as grains of sand she could scoop up in her hands," but she refused the sex, still got the years (but not the youth) What is the relationship between Hyacinth and Apollo? - Correct answer a boy who dies from a discus to the head, Apollo grows from the blood a white flower with red splashes What is the relationship between Daphne and Apollo? - Correct answer Daphne (a river nymph) flees from Apollo's wooing, her father turns her into laurel tree; Laurel becomes Apollo's sacred plant What is the relationship between Asclepius and Apollo? - Correct answer Son of Apollo and Coronis, Coronis cheats on Apollo, Apollo kills her and takes Asclepius to Chiron the centaur, where Asclepius is brought up as a doctor and healer Who is Hermes? - Correct answer Son of Zeus and Maia, Trickster God Hermes is the protector of? - Correct answer travelers What does Hermes do with souls of dead? - Correct answer Guides souls to the Underworld; psychopompous What are the symbols of Hermes? - Correct answer traveler's hat, winged sandals, caduceus What are the Herms of Hermes? - Correct answer Stone pile becomes a column with human (or Hermes') head; erect penis to ward off aggression, marks boundaries What is Argeïphontes? - Correct answer slayer of Argus, refers to Hermes, who slayed Argus to free Io sent by Zeus Who is Pan? - Correct answer Son of Hermes Why is Pan unusual? - Correct answer hoofs & legs of a goat, tail, horns Pan's startled cry induces? - Correct answer panic Who is Hephaestus? - Correct answer God of Smiths Where did Hephaestus land when he was thrown from Olympus? - Correct answer Lemnos Who is Hephaestus married to? - Correct answer Aphrodite Why is Hephaestus' status mixed? - Correct answer He is respected for his crafts but not given equal respect by other Olympians because he's ugly, lame, worker Who is Ares? - Correct answer God of war, incarnation of blood-lust, not appealing outside of battle What is Ares best known for? - Correct answer his affair with Aphrodite Female Olympians can be reduced to some aspect of? - Correct answer fertility Who is Hestia? - Correct answer Goddess of Hearth, defines internal space of female world, virgin, never leaves Olympus In rome, Hestia=? - Correct answer vesta, 6 vestal virgins tend her shrine and fire at the heart of city Who is Aphrodite? - Correct answer Goddess of seuxal love Who is the son of Aphrodite and Ares? - Correct answer Eros Who is Hermaphroditus? - Correct answer Son of Hermes and Aphrodite; Was fused with the nymph Salmacis, has woman's breasts and man's genitals Who is Priapus? - Correct answer Child of Aphrodite and Hermes (or Dionysus), Enormous penis wards off evil Who are Pygmalion and Galatea - Correct answer Pygmalion becomes disgusted with the profligate behavior of the women of Cyprus, Fashions a perfect woman out of marble; falls in love with her. Aphrodite gives his statue (Galatea) life during her feast day at Cyprus Who is Pygmalion and Galatea's son? - Correct answer Paphos, eponymous founder of the Cyprian city sacred to Aphrodite Who is Anchises? - Correct answer Aphrodite seduces him because she was punished by Zeus to have inescapable desire for him. Prince of Troy Who is Anchises and Aphrodite's son? - Correct answer Aeneas, who will escape Troy and find the Roman race What happens to Anchises when he told Aeneas who his mother is? - Correct answer he is struck in the thigh and made lame