Greek Mythology Terms and Stories, Exams of Classical Literature

Download Greek Mythology Terms and Stories and more Exams Classical Literature in PDF only on Docsity! Cla101 Final Exam Terms for 2024 Literature Update Eris - Correct answer Goddess of discord Eris ~ Beauty Contest - Correct answer Aphrodite Athena Hera The judgement of Paris - Correct answer The incident that ultimately brought on the Trojan War. A contest between the three most beautiful goddesses of Olympos--Aphrodite, Hera and Athena--for the prize of a golden apple. Aphrodite won by offering Helen to King Paris of Troy. Athena offers Paris - Correct answer wisdom greater than some gods Hera offers PAris - Correct answer the power of a great King Aphrodite offers Paris - Correct answer most beautiful woman in the world ~ Helen of Sparta Helen was married to - Correct answer King Menelaus Achilles gives Agamemnon his slave-girl - Correct answer Honor is tarnished Achilles is mad and withdraws from war P a g e 1 | 29 Achilles turns to Thetis - Correct answer Thetis convinces Zeus to grant temporary victory to the Trojans over the Greeks in order to make the Greeks recognize the worth of her absent son Hektor kills Patroklos - Correct answer Achilles vows revenge Slays Hektor and drags the corpse behind his chariot in order to disfigure it Priam (Hektor's father) goes to Achilles - Correct answer Pleads to get his son back under Hermes' protection How did Achilles die? - Correct answer Paris shot him in the heel with a poison arrow guided by Apollo The Illiad - Correct answer Homer's epic poem of the story of the Trojan War 10th year only Polyphemos - Correct answer A one-eyed Cyclops who held Odysseus and his men captive in his cave until he was made drunk by Maron's sweet wine and blinded by Odysseus. Outis - Correct answer nobody; the name that Odysseus gives to Polyphemos when the Kyklopes asks for the name of the man who blinded him How does Odysseus get his men out of the Cyclops' cave? - Correct answer O and his men sling themselves beneath the sheep and when they are let out to pasture - they are freed ~ Cyclops checks backs of sheep not bellies Who guards Odysseus - Correct answer Athena P a g e 2 | 29 Erymanthian Boar - Correct answer Giant boar that was ravaging the countryside. Hercules chased the boar up a mountain where it lived and caught it with a huge net. Tired it out in the snow ~ the boar got fatigued The Stables of Augeias - Correct answer Cleanse King Augeias's filthy cattle yard in one day Used the river Alpheus ~ Skipped large rocks in the river - put river back to original course Didn't count bc received payment for it The Stymphalian Birds - Correct answer Remove the countless brazen- beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds (sacred to Ares) Athena gave him a musical instrument and told him hold to defeat the birds Birds fled terrified and Hercules used Hydra dipped poisoned arrows to kill them all The Cretan Bull - Correct answer White creature who terrorized the countryside, gift to Minos from Posedion ~ had an uncontrollable fury bc P was mad the bull was never sacrificed for him. Hercules brought it back on his shoulders to Eurythesus ~ flipped him by his horns Bull released throughout Greece The Mares of Diomedes - Correct answer Eurystheus ordered Hercules to capture the FOUR savage mares of Thracian King Diomedes (son of Ares) Stables were the terror of Thrace Diomedes kept the mares tethered with iron chains to bronze managers, and fed them on the flesh of unsuspecting guests ~ insulted Zeus' honor of hospitality Company of Iolaus and hermes' son Abdurus Mares devoured King Diomedes Son of Hermes was devoured by the mares Tribute to him in Myceria Killed the mares for the Goddess Hera P a g e 5 | 29 Hippolyte's Girdle - Correct answer Fetch for Eurystheus's daughter Admete the golden girdle of Ares worn by the Amazonian queen Hippolyte Themyscira Diplomatic to Queen Hera interfered again Joined the Amazons and spread a rumor that Hercules was trying to kidnap the queen The Cattle of Geryon - Correct answer longest journey Traveled to mountain and split the mountain in two Connected the mediterranean to the Atlantic Pillars of hercules ~ strait of Gibraltar Geryon ~ giant Orthos - 2 headed dog - used mace Hera was hidden and helping the giant Wounded Hera with an arrow Killed him with poisoned arrow Returned to Greece leading giant bulls The Apples of Hesperides - Correct answer Fetch fruit from the golden apple- tree, Mother Earth's (Gaia) wedding gift to Hera, in her divine garden Tricks Atlas Prometheus ~ eagle ate his liver every day - frees him - slaughtered - don't face mighty dragon head on but go to Atlas P a g e 6 | 29 The Capture of Cerberus - Correct answer Only way to get rid of Hercules was to send him to Tartarus ~ last chance to get rid of him Bring dog back from Tartarus Led by Athene and Hermes Went to a secret cave that gained access to underworld Greeted by Hermes Saves Theseus from the seat of forgetfulness They tried to kidnap Persephone Used only his hands to choke out Cerberus Would bring the dog back Dog was sick from sunlight Dragged the animal to the palace Dog returned to underworld Zeus - Correct answer Sky, weather Father of gods and mortals ~ thunderbolts, scepter, throne, eagle Hera - Correct answer Consort of Zeus; consumed by jealousy at his serial infidelity Supports the integrity of marriage ~ next to Zeus, scepter, crown, peacock P a g e 7 | 29 Priapos - Correct answer God of sexual arousal ~ Endowed with a permanent erection Eros - Correct answer Sexual desire Bow and arrows Klotho - Correct answer "She who Spins" Spins the thread of life Lachesis - Correct answer "Disposer of Lots" Measured the Thread of Life Atropos - Correct answer "She who May Not be Turned" the Fate who cuts the thread of life Alekto - Correct answer "Relentless" Megaira - Correct answer "She who Bears a Grudge" Tisiphone - Correct answer "Avenger of Bloodshed" P a g e 10 | 29 Job of the Furies - Correct answer hound the perpetrators of violent human transgressions ~ Murder of an individual related by blood to his or her killer Tragic Cycle - Correct answer 1. Hubris 2. Ate 3. Nemesis 4. Tisis Hubris - Correct answer excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy ~ the mistake the person commits ~ ACTS and the level Ate - Correct answer Blindness of the mind Nemesis - Correct answer an agent or force inflicting vengeance or punishment; retribution itself; an unbeatable rival Tisis - Correct answer Restoration of justice Completion of the tragic cycle Golden Mean - Correct answer the ideal moderate position between two extremes P a g e 11 | 29 Virtue - Correct answer a settled disposition of the mind determining the choice of actions and emotions, consisting essentially in the observance of the mean relative to us, this being determined by principle, that is, as the prudent man would determine it. ~ The observance of the mean Chimaera - Correct answer (Greek mythology) fire-breathing she-monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail Bellerophon - Correct answer tamed Pegasus with a golden bridle; killed Chimaera; tried to fly Pegasus to Olympus - hubris "He who would threaten the boundary between the human and divine is never allowed to go unpunished." - Correct answer How Zeus humbled Bellerophon is a moral anecdote told to discourage revolt against the Olympian faith Stheneboea fell in love with Bellerophon at first sight and when he rejected her advances, she accused him of having tried to seduce her. - Correct answer Proetus, who believed the story, grew incensed. Yet he dared not risk the Furies' vengeance by the direct murder of a suppliant, so he told his father in law, Iobates, to get rid of him Iobates orders Bellerophon to kill the Chimaira - Correct answer B defeats it with his flying Pegasos, and all other tasks Iobates has him do with the help from the Gods Athena and Poseidon Bellerophon tries to fly up to Mount Olympus but is struck done by one of Zeus' lightning bolts - Correct answer Ends up severely injured and must wander around the Earth as an outcast Lame, blind, lonely and accursed, always avoiding the paths of men, until death overtook him. Bellerophon and Pegasus - Correct answer Learning from a seer that he would have need of Pegasus, Bellerophon sleeps in the temple of Athena. She visits him in a dream gives him the means to find and tame Pegasus. Once he does so, he rides Pegasus to fight the Chimera, which he defeats. Psyche - Correct answer "Breath of Life" souls were gathered by Hermes P a g e 12 | 29 Phobetor - Correct answer Creator of nightmares Phobos: fear Dreams come from/ are produced at the underworld ~ at the gates - Correct answer Ivory ~ reliable dreams Horn ~ misguiding dreams gods of the underworld - Correct answer Hades Hermes Hades/Underworld - Correct answer invisible one most wealthy god married to Persephone Roman: Pluto River Acuron - Correct answer Transport of souls Entrance to the underworld Border between earth and underworld Ferried across River Pyriphlegethon - Correct answer Flaming P a g e 15 | 29 River Kokytos - Correct answer Mourning Water of Styx - Correct answer Waterfall Achilles was dipped here ~ immortalizing him The Myth of Er - Correct answer Story by Plato that ends his Republic. A soldier named Er sees the afterlife and reincarnates. Introduced the idea that moral people are rewarded and immoral people punished after death. Myth of Er - life choices - Correct answer Balance between choosing life of fame, wealth and poverty against the misfortunes life would bring Poor and insignificant lived happy and fulfilling lives Discern between good and evil & know the effect of beauty combined with poverty and wealth Every choice had its consequences and challenges whether good or bad Noble vs humble birth, natural and acquired gifts of the soul Explore idea of justice How can the myth of er combine the concept of fate and freedom of choice? - Correct answer Can choose new life and then they would be born into it Fates ~ symbolize the inevitable No even the Gods could change what the fates said When Soul enters new section of life... - Correct answer Have to balance it out with all other things Money fame fortune Insignificant life P a g e 16 | 29 3 Attic Tragedians - Correct answer 1. Sophocles 2. Aeschylus 3. Euripides Xenios Zeus - Correct answer protector of hospitalities xenia = hospitality First Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Kill the Nemean Lion Second Labor of Hercules - Correct answer destruction of the Lernaean Hydra, a monster born to Typhon and Echidne ~ DOES NOT COUNT bc cousin helped Hera interferes with second labors - Correct answer sends crabs to distract Hercules Kills all of the crabs Hera honors crabs with constellation: Cancer Third labor of Hercules - Correct answer Capture the Ceryneian hind and bring her alive from Oenoe to Mycenae ~ sacred to Artemis Fourth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Capture the Erymanthian boar alive P a g e 17 | 29 Led by Athene and Hermes Went to a secret cave that gained access to underworld Greeted by Hermes Saves Theseus from the seat of forgetfulness They tried to kidnap Used only his hands Had a serpent tail Would bring the dog back Dog was sick from sunlight Dragged the animal to the palace Dog returned to underworld Most labors take place in - Correct answer Peloponnese Hercules - Correct answer Son of Zeus and Alcmene Name means " Glory of Hera" Hera + Kleos Kleos = "glory" In battle What sin did Hercules commit? - Correct answer Hera Induces mania P a g e 20 | 29 Mania ~ menomen - means to lose oneself Lost himself and killed his entire family Tries to make up tragic sin and goes to the oracle of Delphi ~ Concrete saying: "had to be subordinate to King Eurystheus" The Nemean Lion - Correct answer an enormous beast with a pelt proof against iron, bronze, and stone Choked the lion to death Used the lion's own claws to flay its fur Pelt as armour and head as a helmet Lernaean Hydra - Correct answer was one of the offspring of Typhon and Echidna. The Hydra was a multi-headed water serpent that breathed poisonous gas and had toxic blood, and every time one head was cut off, two more grew back in its place. The Hydra was killed by Heracles as his second labor for Eurystheus during a battle in which Heracles' nephew Iolaus provided aid by cauterizing the neck stumps after Heracles cut each head off, preventing additional heads from growing back. After killing the monster, Heracles dipped his arrows in the Hydra's blood; the poisoned arrows were later used against the Stymphalian Birds, Geryon, and the centaur Nessus. Ceryneian Hind - Correct answer - Third Labor of Heracles Doe with golden horns Sacred to Artemis Heracles caught it while it was asleep Erymanthian Boar - Correct answer Giant boar that was ravaging the countryside. Hercules chased the boar up a mountain where it lived and caught it with a huge net. Tired it out in the snow ~ the boar got fatigued The Stables of Augeias - Correct answer Cleanse King Augeias's filthy cattle yard in one day Used the river Alpheus ~ Skipped large rocks in the river - put river back to original course Didn't count bc received payment for it P a g e 21 | 29 The Stymphalian Birds - Correct answer Remove the countless brazen- beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds (sacred to Ares) Athena gave him a musical instrument and told him hold to defeat the birds Birds fled terrified and Hercules used Hydra dipped poisoned arrows to kill them all The Cretan Bull - Correct answer White creature who terrorized the countryside, gift to Minos from Posedion ~ had an uncontrollable fury bc P was mad the bull was never sacrificed for him. Hercules brought it back on his shoulders to Eurythesus ~ flipped him by his horns Bull released throughout Greece The Mares of Diomedes - Correct answer Eurystheus ordered Hercules to capture the FOUR savage mares of Thracian King Diomedes (son of Ares) Stables were the terror of Thrace Diomedes kept the mares tethered with iron chains to bronze managers, and fed them on the flesh of unsuspecting guests ~ insulted Zeus' honor of hospitality Company of Iolaus and hermes' son Abdurus Mares devoured King Diomedes Son of Hermes was devoured by the mares Tribute to him in Myceria Killed the mares for the Goddess Hera Hippolyte's Girdle - Correct answer Fetch for Eurystheus's daughter Admete the golden girdle of Ares worn by the Amazonian queen Hippolyte Themyscira Diplomatic to Queen Hera interfered again P a g e 22 | 29 Man-eating pig - Correct answer 3rd Labour of Theseus Crommyum Sciron - Correct answer 4th Labour of Theseus He forced travelers to wash his feet. While they knelt before him, he kicked them off a cliff behind them, where they were eaten by a giant turtle. Cercyon - Correct answer The Wrestler ~ 5th Labour of Theseus Wrestled passersby and killed them. Theseus wrestled him and killed him. Procrustes - Correct answer 6th Labour of Theseus Inn keeper that would make guests conform to the beds that he had (would stretch them out or cut off body legs, etc.). Theseus made him fit his own bed. King Minos - Correct answer king of crete; worshiped bulls in crete; poseidon was jealous and sent white bull to crete to be sacrificed for him; they didnt sacrifice it, so poseidon punished them by making bull ravage land and Pasiphae giving birth to minotaur; had labyrinth built to keep minotaur in; son died in Athens, so he took 7 girls and 7 boys every 9 years from Athens to sacrifice to the minotaur Pasiphae - Correct answer Birthed the Minotaur, wife of Minos, she fell in love with the Cretan Bull because of Poseidon and had the bronze cow that she got inside so she could make love to the bull, created by Daedalus. Daedelus - Correct answer craftsman Daedalus and Icarus - Correct answer Daedalus was King Minos's architect, Icarus was his son; Daedalus made the labyrinth to keep the Minotaur in, King Minos did not want anyone to know the secrets of it so he locked Daedalus and his son in a tower; they wanted to get out so they made wings out of feathers and wax; Icarus flew too high and the sun melted the wax; he drowned. P a g e 25 | 29 Icarus - Correct answer The son of the master craftsman Daedalus. His father gave him wings. He ignored instructions not to fly too close to the sun, and fell to his death Violated Golden Mean Ariadne - Correct answer daughter of King Minos; fell in love with Theseus and promised to help him destroy the Minotaur if he would marry her; gave him ball of thread Ariadne gets left... - Correct answer Theseus abandoned her on the island of Dia; married Dionysus and bore him several kids; after her death, Dionysus immortalized her as a constellation Corona Borealis which was the crown that he had given her at their wedding King Minos is a son of - Correct answer Zeus bolt and thunder from the sky Theseus is the son of - Correct answer Poseidon Goes under water and comes back with Minos' ring and crown What did King Aegeus leave under a hallowed rock? - Correct answer Sword and sandals Who tries to Poison Theseus at dinner? - Correct answer Medea To get away from shame that Pasiphae caused - Correct answer Daedalus builds Minos a retreat in Cnossus Lives in the Labyrinth P a g e 26 | 29 Minos infidelities so enraged Pasiphae that - Correct answer she put a spell on him that whenever he lay with another woman, he discharged a swarm of noxious serpents, scorpions, and millipedes, with prayed on her vitals Talos - Correct answer Daedalus's nephew that was killed because of his skill fullness What did Talos invent - Correct answer Saw & compass What inspired Talos to create saw? - Correct answer fish bone Minos looks for Daedalus - Correct answer Goes from place to place to find anyone who can thread a trident shell Why do the Athenians send 14 young people to Crete? - Correct answer Athenians accidentally killed Minos' son in games How does Daedalus figure out the task? - Correct answer Fastening a gossamer thread to an ant, he bored a hole at the point of the shell and lured the ant up the spirals by smearing honey on the edges of the hole. Minoans - Correct answer greatly inspired by Alexandria and Egypt Civilization destroyed twice by earthquake Theseus in Crete - Correct answer Asks father (King Aegeus) to take place of young man Father asks him to please remember to change the sails from black to white Aegeus - Correct answer upon seeing the black sail sailing back home - throws himself off of a cliff bc grief of losing Theseus P a g e 27 | 29