Greek Mythology and Literature, Exams of Classical Literature

Download Greek Mythology and Literature and more Exams Classical Literature in PDF only on Docsity! Cla 101 Final Exam Terms for 2024 Literature Update Eris - Correct answer Goddess of discord Eris ~ Beauty Contest - Correct answer Aphrodite Athena Hera The judgement of Paris - Correct answer The incident that ultimately brought on the Trojan War. A contest between the three most beautiful goddesses of Olympos-- Aphrodite, Hera and Athena--for the prize of a golden apple. Aphrodite won by offering Helen to King Paris of Troy. Athena offers Paris - Correct answer wisdom greater than some gods Hera offers PAris - Correct answer the power of a great King Aphrodite offers Paris - Correct answer most beautiful woman in the world ~ Helen of Sparta Helen was married to - Correct answer King Menelaus Achilles gives Agamemnon his slave-girl - Correct answer Honor is tarnished Achilles is mad and withdraws from war Achilles turns to Thetis - Correct answer Thetis convinces Zeus to grant temporary victory to the Trojans over the Greeks in order to make the Greeks recognize the worth of her absent son Hektor kills Patroklos - Correct answer Achilles vows revenge Slays Hektor and drags the corpse behind his chariot in order to disfigure it Priam (Hektor's father) goes to Achilles - Correct answer Pleads to get his son back under Hermes' protection How did Achilles die? - Correct answer Paris shot him in the heel with a poison arrow guided by Apollo The Illiad - Correct answer Homer's epic poem of the story of the Trojan War 10th year only Polyphemos - Correct answer A one-eyed Cyclops who held Odysseus and his men captive in his cave until he was made drunk by Maron's sweet wine and blinded by Odysseus. Outis - Correct answer nobody; the name that Odysseus gives to Polyphemos when the Kyklopes asks for the name of the man who blinded him How does Odysseus get his men out of the Cyclops' cave? - Correct answer O and his men sling themselves beneath the sheep and when they are let out to pasture - they are freed ~ Cyclops checks backs of sheep not bellies Who guards Odysseus - Correct answer Athena Aiolos - Correct answer god of winds; gives Odysseus bag of winds Circe - Correct answer The beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus's crew into swine when he lands on her island. With Hermes' help (moly), Odysseus resists Circe's powers and then becomes her lover, living in luxury at her side for a year. Circe Island - Correct answer becomes an island of feasting and temptations spend a whole year here Odysseus visits the underworld - Correct answer Get the seer Teiresias Sees mother Ghost of Agamemnon Sirens - Correct answer Women above the waist and birds below it ~ lull men to death. Circe's Advice: Odysseus tied himself to the mast and had all of his men put wax in their ears Helios - Correct answer Do not eat his cattle Zeus thunderbolts the ship and smashes it to oblivion Kalypso - Correct answer The beautiful nymph who falls in love with Odysseus when he lands on her island-home of Ogygia. ~ offers to make him immortal and ageless Calypso holds him prisoner there for seven years until Hermes, the messenger god, persuades her to let him go. Kalyspo - Correct answer concealer Nausikaa - Correct answer The beautiful daughter of King Alcinous and Queen Arete of the Phaeacians. Nausicaa discovers Odysseus on the beach at Scheria and, out of budding affection for him, ensures his warm reception at her parents' palace. Dragged the animal to the palace Dog returned to underworld Zeus - Correct answer Sky, weather Father of gods and mortals ~ thunderbolts, scepter, throne, eagle Hera - Correct answer Consort of Zeus; consumed by jealousy at his serial infidelity Supports the integrity of marriage ~ next to Zeus, scepter, crown, peacock Posedion - Correct answer Sea, Earthquake, The raw energy of the horse and bull ~ Trident, earthquakes, horses Demeter - Correct answer Corn and the fertility of the land; daughter Persephone ~ Often carries a torch or corn Hades - Correct answer God of the underworld ~ Invisibility cap; sceptre-bearing figure in spite of his hateful role Artemis - Correct answer Hunting, wild animals; helper of women in childbirth ~ Bow and arrows Aphrodite - Correct answer sex, love ~ Aphrodisiac girdle, doves, sparrows Apollo - Correct answer Music; divination and prophecy; purification; healing; the Sun ~ Bow and arrows; lyre; laurel Athena - Correct answer Craftsmanship, esp. in wood; cunning; warfare ~ Helmet & spear; snake-fringed cape; owl Ares - Correct answer The fury of war ~ Helmet, spear, shield Hephaistos - Correct answer Physical infirmity combined with brilliant virtuosity as an artisan; metal work - FIRE ~ Axe, forging tongs, anvil Persephone - Correct answer Bride of Hades and Queen of the Underworld; Eleusinian Mysteries ~ Corn and fruit as the symbols of growth Hestia - Correct answer (fire of) hearth She is the sacred fire at the focus of every home Hermes - Correct answer Divine intermediary; messenger; guide of souls of dead to Hades; bringer of fertility to flocks; boundaries ~ Herald's staff; winged boots/sandals; broad-brimmed hat Dionosys - Correct answer Ecstasy; the madness of intoxication; wine; exuberance and danger of animal and vegetable nature ~ Ivy; vines; panther; the thyrsos - a wand of fennel bound at the end with ivy Pan - Correct answer God of lonely, rustic wilderness; induces panic ~ Hybrid, half-goat, half-human form / Reed pipes Priapos - Correct answer God of sexual arousal ~ Endowed with a permanent erection Eros - Correct answer Sexual desire Bow and arrows Klotho - Correct answer "She who Spins" Spins the thread of life Lachesis - Correct answer "Disposer of Lots" Measured the Thread of Life Atropos - Correct answer "She who May Not be Turned" the Fate who cuts the thread of life Alekto - Correct answer "Relentless" Megaira - Correct answer "She who Bears a Grudge" Tisiphone - Correct answer "Avenger of Bloodshed" Job of the Furies - Correct answer hound the perpetrators of violent human transgressions ~ Murder of an individual related by blood to his or her killer Tragic Cycle - Correct answer 1. Hubris 2. Ate 3. Nemesis 4. Tisis Hubris - Correct answer excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy ~ the mistake the person commits ~ ACTS and the level Ate - Correct answer Blindness of the mind Nemesis - Correct answer an agent or force inflicting vengeance or punishment; retribution itself; an unbeatable rival Tisis - Correct answer Restoration of justice Completion of the tragic cycle Golden Mean - Correct answer the ideal moderate position between two extremes Virtue - Correct answer a settled disposition of the mind determining the choice of actions and emotions, consisting essentially in the observance of the mean relative to us, this being determined by principle, that is, as the prudent man would determine it. ~ The observance of the mean Chimaera - Correct answer (Greek mythology) fire-breathing she-monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail Bellerophon - Correct answer tamed Pegasus with a golden bridle; killed Chimaera; tried to fly Pegasus to Olympus - hubris "He who would threaten the boundary between the human and divine is never allowed to go unpunished." - Correct answer How Zeus humbled Bellerophon is a moral anecdote told to discourage revolt against the Olympian faith Stheneboea fell in love with Bellerophon at first sight and when he rejected her advances, she accused him of having tried to seduce her. - Correct answer Proetus, who believed the story, grew incensed. Yet he dared not risk the Furies' vengeance by the direct murder of a suppliant, so he told his father in law, Iobates, to get rid of him Iobates orders Bellerophon to kill the Chimaira - Correct answer B defeats it with his flying Pegasos, and all other tasks Iobates has him do with the help from the Gods Athena and Poseidon Bellerophon tries to fly up to Mount Olympus but is struck done by one of Zeus' lightning bolts - Correct answer Ends up severely injured and must wander around the Earth as an outcast Lame, blind, lonely and accursed, always avoiding the paths of men, until death overtook him. Bellerophon and Pegasus - Correct answer Learning from a seer that he would have need of Pegasus, Bellerophon sleeps in the temple of Athena. She visits him in a dream gives him the means to find and tame Pegasus. Once he does so, he rides Pegasus to fight the Chimera, which he defeats. Psyche - Correct answer "Breath of Life" souls were gathered by Hermes When Soul enters new section of life... - Correct answer Have to balance it out with all other things Money fame fortune Insignificant life 3 Attic Tragedians - Correct answer 1. Sophocles 2. Aeschylus 3. Euripides Xenios Zeus - Correct answer protector of hospitalities xenia = hospitality First Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Kill the Nemean Lion Second Labor of Hercules - Correct answer destruction of the Lernaean Hydra, a monster born to Typhon and Echidne ~ DOES NOT COUNT bc cousin helped Hera interferes with second labors - Correct answer sends crabs to distract Hercules Kills all of the crabs Hera honors crabs with constellation: Cancer Third labor of Hercules - Correct answer Capture the Ceryneian hind and bring her alive from Oenoe to Mycenae ~ sacred to Artemis Fourth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Capture the Erymanthian boar alive Fifth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Clean the Augean stables in a single day Used the river ~ Didn't count bc he got a payment Sixth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer The Stymphalian Birds Remove the countless brazen-beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds, sacred to Ares which, frightened by the wolves of Wolves' Ravine on the Orchomenan Road, had flocked to the Stymphalian Marsh Athene gave Hercules brazen castanets Seventh Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Cretan Bull Eighth labor of Hercules - Correct answer The Mare of Diomedes Capture the FOUR savage mares of Thracian King Diomedes (son of Ares) Diomedes kept the mares tethered with iron chains to bronze managers, and fed them on the flesh of unsuspecting guests ~ Killed the mares for the Goddess Hera Ninth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer Hippolyte's Girdle Fetch for Eurystheus's daughter Admete the golden girdle of Ares worn by the Amazonian queen Hippolyte ~ Hera interfered again - started a rumor that Hercules was trying to kidnap the Queen ~ battle ensues Tenth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer The Cattle of Geryon Fetch the famous cattle of Geryon from Erytheia without either payment or demand Killed Giant with Hydra poison dipped arrows Returned to Greece leading giant bulls Eleventh Labor of Hercules - Correct answer The Apples of Hesperides Fetch fruit from the golden apple-tree, Mother Earth's (Gaia) wedding gift to Hera, in her divine garden ~ Atlas Atlas - Correct answer Punishment imposed by Zeus Forced to sustain the weight of heavenly volt on his back Hercules switched places with Atlas Atlas brought apples and wanted Hercules to switch with him permanently Hercules says hold it again while I put the lion mane on my back - leaves Atlas holding the weight again Encountered Prometheus - Correct answer Liver devoured by giant eagle Punished by Zeus for delivering ancient fire to humans Saved Prometheus from the punishment bc felt like he paid for his crimes Twelfth Labor of Hercules - Correct answer The Capture of Cerberus Only way to get rid of Hercules was to send him to Tartarus ~ last chance to get rid of him Bring dog back from Tartarus Led by Athene and Hermes Went to a secret cave that gained access to underworld Greeted by Hermes Saves Theseus from the seat of forgetfulness They tried to kidnap Used only his hands Had a serpent tail Would bring the dog back Dog was sick from sunlight Dragged the animal to the palace Dog returned to underworld Most labors take place in - Correct answer Peloponnese Hercules - Correct answer Son of Zeus and Alcmene Name means " Glory of Hera" Hera + Kleos Kleos = "glory" In battle What sin did Hercules commit? - Correct answer Hera Induces mania Mania ~ menomen - means to lose oneself Lost himself and killed his entire family Tries to make up tragic sin and goes to the oracle of Delphi ~ Concrete saying: "had to be subordinate to King Eurystheus" The Nemean Lion - Correct answer an enormous beast with a pelt proof against iron, bronze, and stone Choked the lion to death Used the lion's own claws to flay its fur Pelt as armour and head as a helmet Lernaean Hydra - Correct answer was one of the offspring of Typhon and Echidna. The Hydra was a multi-headed water serpent that breathed poisonous gas and had toxic blood, and every time one head was cut off, two more grew back in its place. The Hydra was killed by Heracles as his second labor for Eurystheus during a battle in which Heracles' nephew Iolaus provided aid by cauterizing the neck stumps after Heracles cut each head off, preventing additional heads from growing back. After killing the monster, Heracles dipped his arrows in the Hydra's blood; the poisoned arrows were later used against the Stymphalian Birds, Geryon, and the centaur Nessus. Ceryneian Hind - Correct answer - Third Labor of Heracles - Doe with golden horns - Sacred to Artemis - Heracles caught it while it was asleep Erymanthian Boar - Correct answer Giant boar that was ravaging the countryside. Hercules chased the boar up a mountain where it lived and caught it with a huge net. Tired it out in the snow ~ the boar got fatigued The Stables of Augeias - Correct answer Cleanse King Augeias's filthy cattle yard in one day Used the river Alpheus ~ Skipped large rocks in the river - put river back to original course Didn't count bc received payment for it The Stymphalian Birds - Correct answer Remove the countless brazen-beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds (sacred to Ares) Athena gave him a musical instrument and told him hold to defeat the birds Birds fled terrified and Hercules used Hydra dipped poisoned arrows to kill them all Pasiphae - Correct answer Birthed the Minotaur, wife of Minos, she fell in love with the Cretan Bull because of Poseidon and had the bronze cow that she got inside so she could make love to the bull, created by Daedalus. Daedelus - Correct answer craftsman Daedalus and Icarus - Correct answer Daedalus was King Minos's architect, Icarus was his son; Daedalus made the labyrinth to keep the Minotaur in, King Minos did not want anyone to know the secrets of it so he locked Daedalus and his son in a tower; they wanted to get out so they made wings out of feathers and wax; Icarus flew too high and the sun melted the wax; he drowned. Icarus - Correct answer The son of the master craftsman Daedalus. His father gave him wings. He ignored instructions not to fly too close to the sun, and fell to his death - Violated Golden Mean Ariadne - Correct answer daughter of King Minos; fell in love with Theseus and promised to help him destroy the Minotaur if he would marry her; gave him ball of thread Ariadne gets left... - Correct answer Theseus abandoned her on the island of Dia; married Dionysus and bore him several kids; after her death, Dionysus immortalized her as a constellation Corona Borealis which was the crown that he had given her at their wedding King Minos is a son of - Correct answer Zeus - bolt and thunder from the sky Theseus is the son of - Correct answer Poseidon - Goes under water and comes back with Minos' ring and crown What did King Aegeus leave under a hallowed rock? - Correct answer Sword and sandals Who tries to Poison Theseus at dinner? - Correct answer Medea To get away from shame that Pasiphae caused - Correct answer Daedalus builds Minos a retreat in Cnossus Lives in the Labyrinth Minos infidelities so enraged Pasiphae that - Correct answer she put a spell on him that whenever he lay with another woman, he discharged a swarm of noxious serpents, scorpions, and millipedes, with prayed on her vitals Talos - Correct answer Daedalus's nephew that was killed because of his skill fullness What did Talos invent - Correct answer Saw & compass What inspired Talos to create saw? - Correct answer fish bone Minos looks for Daedalus - Correct answer Goes from place to place to find anyone who can thread a trident shell Why do the Athenians send 14 young people to Crete? - Correct answer Athenians accidentally killed Minos' son in games How does Daedalus figure out the task? - Correct answer Fastening a gossamer thread to an ant, he bored a hole at the point of the shell and lured the ant up the spirals by smearing honey on the edges of the hole. Minoans - Correct answer greatly inspired by Alexandria and Egypt Civilization destroyed twice by earthquake Theseus in Crete - Correct answer Asks father (King Aegeus) to take place of young man Father asks him to please remember to change the sails from black to white Aegeus - Correct answer upon seeing the black sail sailing back home - throws himself off of a cliff bc grief of losing Theseus ~ Aegean Sea Sounion - Correct answer Temple of Poseidon Where Aegeus dies Theseus was inspired by - Correct answer Hercules Hercules visits Theseus with lion on back - Correct answer T runs and gets an ax while the other children run away Who falls in love with Ariadne? - Correct answer Dionysus Daedalus instructed son - Correct answer Don't fly to high ~ Sun will melt wax of wings Don't fly to low ~Sea will moisten them and they will grow too heavy ---- Fly in the middle Golden Mean / Golden Middle ~ Hubris - Icarus dies bc flew too close to the sun Theseus in Tartarus - Correct answer Seized Helen and kidnapped her Zeus' oracle: "why not get Persephone to be Perithous' bride?" Hades invites them in They sit in the seat of Forgetfulness and have to mutilate themselves to get out Freed by Hercules (came to get cerberus) and Persephone 4 yrs later The Death of Theseus - Correct answer - Theseus returned to the upper world and found Athens in turmoil - Helen had been rescued by her brothers - Menestheus had usurped the throne - Theseus fled to Scyros, asking king Lycomedes for hospitality - Lycomedes threw Theseus off a cliff - His remains were found and reburied in Athens in 475 BCE - The site of his tomb was thought to be the Temple of Hephaestus - Raised altars for Hercules the Saviour Sciron means - Correct answer parasol The Federalization of Attica - Correct answer T becomes King and executes all opposers Law-abiding ruler over 12 communities Promised to abolish monarchy and establish democracy Created federalization of Attica and a Commonwealth Minos is killed by King and Theseus - Correct answer - boiling hot water on him becomes judge of dead