Chemistry Notes on Phenol and its Derivatives for Class XII, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Chemistry Notes on Phenol and its Derivatives for Class XII and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! A OH:O - L . PHENOL. I EITHER. Class XII ↳ These notes B0ARDE×n# have been unified by top faculties & CBSE ↳ As perscience Toppers updated ↳ Target soo syllabus ↳ Previous Year Q 's • 0 TAO AB ✓ Photo ! §faaY FLOWCHART → Types of Pr← monohydric Alcohol +Alcohol → IupACNomenclatu# → Phenol '÷÷÷¥h÷ :c:.→ Ether thawex. ←im÷m ReactionofPhen I . → Electrophilicsubstitutionreach.IT preparationofetheJ-Begdf.io::::.µ¥÷÷÷÷:-¥Phenolwithzndu fniedelcraftreach.cm# → Oxidation →. Conversions →: LucasT⑦ 3 2: A — o. cHy— Ch = SH C= CH= CH, i es RYhoxy ~ 2— methy A paobane [cask 2015] cH ees oo , Q 4 2 : — CH, 9 — CHa CH OCH 1, Qa Diracthory athe. f= fe eS NOs Lo Cas S -a-hh As & 2012¢ ~ Gye poss ~ 1 - BYhoyy - 2 mivocydohram — [Cesk 2° ay ee — Pre barakion of alcohols oes @- L Prom alkenr 2- Jar] Aud Cokahy sed hy dvation :— P ; 2013] Reaction i= CHA CH= CHa + HQ HH cay Pankan aed ° H Mechanism —5 © cA cn& cn, 4 Ht — e ® Ham Sh me Cay 4 H q om Ye ‘ae @ eng Heck, = eH CH Cpe iat) a eH ol + CHa cH Hy a" es ye cH, L Mar kovim Kov'a Product "| e be] pydroberahin — Oni a> _ ate en \,0 ont Reattion . CHg A ; ve oe rt 8) a \ path 20531 (Big). 2 tient cS) yeast got) > oar 2°) Recomm Carbonyl Combounds — > on ° \ —¢-" @ Ruduckion of abdschyds and Keto i yen — v . Reducing, aged + Nachs| winahy [Hah ey by ery bn po audel Abdahyde ony fo kadou|nléshy G ado [tea de / Acc a y A oe Raduchn ae carboxy Ke Red eine cas 8h ad) nyt = CH : : rh ge Rkechol ~ CHg—2-oh RAKE CMa Hy ott kuckone, ° oO ao cnt OH F Hto- thy cot t iy CHa- Sue =H Lo CHy- GH go OF + CHsott Eat eee cc —— ee Te eT ETS EE a] P-sar Grignard Reagent, —: ® ; oS “Ss 4s & Myx Reathion : rte + R4Mg—% ——> R-e-e Hao on as @o HHL F chy Mee ae ee te at 1 H- c-H Foemelachyi meas wy tn, 1s pleco re Grew LL» ° oMg Gr C — \ Hao re CH E-H Hy Mg @e 9 CHa eH 38 Hye GH at dd cH | = 3 cH § 8 , Ge Hat & e a pmo oH 3 N53 + Ha My, 1 CHa e— cy Wy0 CHE ti, a \dek 2010] * Ny Ly Aleakel 3 m We ) We Prelparotion ot Phanol —— Q off L- Brom Hatoawnn 2 CT + Mw MEE, QR Pressure @ HU SosH ow » fe Sates et) () y NaH, (6) H,S0, + $0 ay HT 2. vom dkazonium Salt -* NH. On, 9° on ee _ Nato { ai Hes] _, Ha Anehi _ 0) Worm Q + Nat nebire, 4. Goment dro ber oxic. Muthed — on CH —— we a \ o ) on \ ee CH, tu, ° 0 (6) i 2 Comene Comne Hy dro peroxide — (Pe RS whe 8 oi Ling Roiwh 3 of Ncohols and phshols T aw vo: of Carbon atom ANCE FU — > In alcohol —> As branching. 2 > QPLu y Ty do bacause of drarage An Vanden Waals forces woth decrease in node AM + se. CO CH eee OND OND \ CHa— CoH A CRgm CHA CH OH Loge CHS HoH \ cH CHs 3 7 Rup. of abcohsls and phanols Ore Fagan An Cor borvison cho Ry drveorbows , ether Raloatkaws ar -haloavents of Comparable rrolaculor nasser - The GA becawas ef. Ay drogen bending. An adeohols and phenols [CBSE 2012] ay oy HH. 7 —™~S "71 ££ —~o™ on - ep Adrnilarly B-P-ordey + & > Q _~ eH — Sei Hs CH OH Ss CHy—O- CH, 2 BR. ean we WV Solubility 2 Solubiltty. of aleokda and phandls di weahy Ro a ONY Ja dur db Ahir abi hidy. an foxin Ay dv gen honda woith water; ae i? ~ Solwbibity, bs => WR of alkyd Jarl yop pu ok ne rj, + 1 (Hy drs pho bic batt) t" 9 Solabihty, order ¢ TN oH P AAPM Chemical Ruachions Alediels ov nudelhile = > R—o-— H Qreaking, of Oxy ard OR i Anyarogen bond + KOH + Ret anil ge a) Resznkinge of Carbon ans onygth bond “1, 3 Tae, | Prodonctad ateohols 04 abidhophilus - Ro c& AI Ren Sa HR OA ” W Ro one oc —> RH a + Hos Apri. Kaksha s © —» Aud alcoho £ bhenels —+ RoeH aya. > RONG Hy if tt eet te © yh Nat +e ie Xo Na 7 0 ae le \ Zs a} aol Phanod Not sodium ae Tia shatkon shows thot alcoho ee a and phenol Can donate HT) beam eat Phinoxidse. Hy one aide + SFE SF OS OS ODS ODS OSD NS CHa CHa 8 ut 7 a7 CHa 8H +e CH = Hy ‘fesse | CBSL 2019 2) | we tnt Dalk aos ® © Ha— CHO, a Hae CN i On > chy by — CHs Set tae ch— CH= Hy & . 45 Oxidation — 4 ®Se- —— 2 —=0 5 Removal of. di rey f ROR Ry drogen = echo keto [Added u AL ; Cr 03 a OX\A Sin, 2Y Datytogen ahion ° atechot ig “htdehyd,~ ———>_ fod o~ oxi di sing agank L, kMnOg 1H7 ~ Ha— CAs OF dv w_ yond, — 2 Ha) ~ Chy ~— tot ° a ee ek a ae Seem AtcoRal 2 Cha ee) H Le __ Say, Bacau thre ia no CH bead: 4h ters AXcohoh . aS oH o, . So Gp ita CN Nee NS gx °4 . oxided’on be) Ch tH CHa? SHy a= Hy er st Detydrahin SCD CH C4 ot) chy S \ (ch,8) \ ay CH, Quuet'on s— Adken. ————> 1 oS | 2 gos | SY se 2 ‘on Hy Apni kaksha  © B dato phallic aromadic Aubstitdtion — 3 Ms Incoming. -clacholhil te ortho and fava pesitl becomes eleckyon sich due do wermane effect caused by, —o 2-08 PReral ard phanoxide ton ret ons an te Ong on Suse pention @ grr: — nN ‘m pu ot a Q Nittredhim_ 3— pike NO, a TT ° —— ° + - HNO3 oM ortho - Nitoptunol NO. Parq-Nitebhanol Conc: HNO ‘i 4 05) aes on oy" ls Rewe and £28, 6-Tamtephinel | a Racme Gn’ oH Cont oH = Hg S04 8 (0) =? iy of Cones HN Og So, AK2am Nolte shan bo rete reno Wey 1 Quation .— o- Nitroptanch GA Yaote [pak gars | cask 2e19] Omuser — 2 On Nites PRnod 14 Ateam Vodeti fs. due to ra I Antraindecnlary Aydragen bonding coh pe Nite plane (ie id Uess Vodotile dus se jake wnolecular by droge Toondhing. ee pick cause do anrowadt on of wnole cola + 6) ) ; on ms wh NS @) Hakoggredion »— 3) Bet, cor 4 (3) ef |e, \ Br ; Bove Sb (wins) = o} Ho” RT white whet fn jeterod ° & BY [&, #6 “Tabsore ol oH an oH — Cont: HNOS a —_—_— | ’ f Om CH CH, oO Ch, (\ pi nitetton * Cone HN°3 Noy > ~~ vs (3) Moot és _Y COr , or been (ou gored) Gr) Due g—Rydwry benzos aed ©) saver Teno tein, (nate ond) ‘ of CHW. | 1 (s) MUg | Naot ér' co (Gokicydaddichy de.) ate Gn Kveading. prhanod hie we with chlorofam and Naot. \. CHU, [Naot is, amy . ~" | 2 * vane q —e-y xv da anbvodyad oONa yo [ (or <4 | = ? jo) i ot ortho pseition of pan Tank , Wy Th vrachion in Known LE mevmidcate] , a RY adi Cesk GD C aort| acral 2e19] @ Phono with Zn duet 3 o-H Se s) = iC! + ZrO —> Phonol Ir soluem + yu 2h CHa & cH . Q 2415 eo) —— (o 3 TL pelt 2013¢) w 2 AL, x - & ee , i lon — 3 = C430 ©) oridati on > c Nar 0%91_, Q if ‘ Hey Aenzoqai now. —> ah. Ete ees Peepestion of ether - ethos a Conc: Halt, oye he Qy- dehydration of. obeshola — eH HOH Toe © By sebyoeh of ai Lone Ha 80s, eH gr Oem i eH,— CHa 97 4 “Ho on, —CHy : - Rear L4ore = Rovimation of efhar Mechkanizmy _w 2 . sn? © a cnge Sh, ——_ HE CHa > — Wy S42 : eysengm od Hg : x Apri Kaksha ss Wy  Ce i ‘on 2— ORC) SS Niteah 5 3 Cenc ots oUls °o eaeencapaeemnmeee: + of Nea + Q) Con Hy $04. No Mi nov Wer) (ue) — na® . eo 8 o- Hy () Phenol so Aniaol, .— (s} NaH A CHE be — he Lo) ———— £3} Nagy One («) Proban-2-ol Ao a- tastiyl probon — ae 2 oH oy OF Ch i eee cae eH oo H cnn CH C— Chg > 7 cH. CS ci A CHy ieee of Piling do Phan — 2 | 41,0 ae of CH CH, NH ON, U7 \ ‘ (0) Nanton (ol too Oo CH ar RY Warn Ha plo tere EL pak 201s] ay) (y) Benzyl cAtord, ——> Genzyh Bleed cH U (oy nomen, Wer To dkfev. ys[ac[ 3° Alcobol Lines tert Kreger phanol dow wok qe thin tot: Znth, ete Cin aan ie te ae Tobby, abtes Jo ksi + Waal, ey HTT Fatt eee aes —cy— a OQ wy = m9 - Terbabity wan 8 &K KR & \ & cc . , SAIC i Wa re 3 Turbidity WH Second + i ee ee ee eS em ee Commercial use of Ethanol & Methanol Methanol and ethanol are among the two commercially important alcohols. 1. Methanol Methanol, CH;OH, also known as ‘wood spirit’, was produced by destructive distillation of wood. Today, most of the methanol is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature and in the presence of ZnO - Cr,O3 catalyst. Conon, 2 oe cue 200-300 atm 573-673 K Methanol is a colourless liquid and boils at 337 K. It is highly poisonous in nature. Ingestion of even small quantities of methanol can cause blindness and large quantities causes even death. Methanol is used as a solvent in paints, varnishes and chiefly for making formaldehyde. 2. Ethanol Ethanol, C,H;OH, is obtained commercially by fermentation, the oldest method is from sugars. The sugar in molasses, sugarcane or fruits such as grapes is converted to glucose and fructose, (both of which have the formula C,H,,0,), in the presence of an enzyme, invertase. Glucose and fructose undergo fermentation in the presence of another enzyme, zymase, which is found in yeast. Invertase C,,H,,0,, + HO ——— > C,H,,0, + C,H,,0, Glucose Fructose Zymase CH 1206 are 2C,H;OH + 2CO, In wine making, grapes are the source of sugars and yeast. As grapes ripen, the quantity of sugar increases and yeast grows on the outer skin. When grapes are crushed, sugar and the enzyme come in contact and fermentation starts. Fermentation takes place in anaerobic conditions i.e. in absence of air. Carbon dioxide is released during fermentation.