Population and Global Demographics: Challenges and Trends - Prof. John Douglas Boyer, Study notes of Political Geography

Download Population and Global Demographics: Challenges and Trends - Prof. John Douglas Boyer and more Study notes Political Geography in PDF only on Docsity! 6.5 billion people on earth 30% of population are illiterate 40% of earth population not sanitary 50% of population are starving 75% have sub-standard housing The Age of the American Empire  300 million people in America  Asian Century approaches  Billion people live in China  Aids is a rapidly spreading disease -- Africa (South) Region:  Area  Boundaries  Homogenous o Language o Diet o Religion o Ethics o Interactions with mother nature Population:  Greatest population: China, India, Europe, NE US o Coastal areas o Temperate climates o Cities o Northern hemisphere  Least population: South America Australia o Hot/cold/dry  climate o Resources o Age of country o Historical o Terrain ** by 2050 India will be most populous country  Education  less children o Birth control o Cost of living  Population rate not the same everywhere o Africa: more kids o China: one kid  Birth rates and death rates change 1 EU gets 1/3 of its natural gas and oil from Russia Vladmir Putin is Chuck Norris of Russia Vladmir would win a cage match against all other world leaders Kevin Rudd= Prime minister of Australia Australia is leading exporter of uranium Japan PM Fukuda resigns in surprise move Richest Countries 1. US 2. Japan 3. Germany 4. China Stages 1. Pre-Modern a. Pre-modern countries do not exist 2. Urbanizing and Industrializing a. Agriculture b. Permanent homes c. Machines d. Lots of kids e. Death rate decreases significantly f. Technology evolves g. Sanitation h. Weapons, guns, nuclear weapons 3. Urban and Industrialized a. Over ½ people live in urban area b. Most people not working agriculture c. Death rate goes slightly down d. Education e. Dotors f. Schools g. Birth rate plummets i. Birth rate plummets when women are educated about birth control 4. Post Industrial a. Birth and death rate stable b. Less than 2% of American are in agriculture c. Less than 10% in manufacturing 5. Stage 5 birth rate goes down so population decreases a. Russia, N. Korea, Japan, Ital have decreasing populations b. Vladmir Puton started sex camps for 14-16 year olds c. Immigrants keep the fertility rate of their country d. What’s the difference b/w immigrant and refugee? 2  Polytheistic o Many entities o Hinduism  Which Religions have fundamentalists elements: all religions have some Hinduism: not really a religion Judaism:  First of the Abrahamic religions  Is core for all western religions  Monotheistic big time  Abraham to Isaac to Jacob to Joseph to Moses  Moses gets the Ten Commandments  Pentateuch: first five chapters of Torah (Old Testament)  Jews have covenant with Yahweh  Zionism: o Movement to get Jews to go back to Israel o Diaspora: Migration from Israel  There are more Jews in other parts of the world than in Israel Buddhism  Hindu reform movement  Prince Siddortha = Shayamuni= The Buddha  Thought reincarnation sucked: perpetual suffering  First universalizing religion  Enlightenment: Nirvana Confucius:  Real guy  Dominant philosophical system in China: guiding light in every aspect of Chinese life  Not a religion about life and death; more about the people  All about maintaining roper relationships for order in society  Reciprocity is key: o Very conservative in outlook  There is evidence of Daoism in China  Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucius: all eastern religions are non- exclusive Shinto: way of the spirits  Many gods or nature spirits: Kami Christianity:  Jewish reform movement  All must believe o Son of god 5 o God o Holy Spirit  Mono, Universal, Exclusive  Most successful religion  How is the eastern orthodox church organized: by state  What invention helped to speed the protestant movement: printing press o Protestant had many different interpretations of religion and thought they could talk to god Islam:  The newest world religion o Submission or surrender to the will of god: Allah  Part of Abrahamic religion lineage (Ishmael)  Main man is Muhammad o Last of the great prophets  Sunni is majority of Muslim religion o Started in 7th century AD o No matter where you go in the Muslim world you will hear Arabic because Koran is in Arabic Czechoslovakia is where pilsner beer comes from Who is Russia’s buddy with benefits: Iran Why did democracy and communism arise: B/c of resistance to monarchy What is the general trend in world leaning toward? Democracy Main thing OPEC does is set the international price of an oil barrel What two countries pissed off Saudi Arabia causing them to leave OPEC meeting? Iran and Venezuela Venezuela and Bolivia kicked out the US Embassador NATO got together today to demand Russia leave Georgia One country that is 100% capitalistic does not exist Nationalize means to take over a company What caused communism and socialism to arise? Who did not agree with the European bailout? 6 Putin has launched a PVP (or PRP? Not sure) on Judo Why did N. Korea allow back Nuclear inspectors? They were removed from IEA President of France, Germany, Britain, Italy What spurred the wall Street Monday 10/13? Fresh moves by Europe to boost u economy Putin gets tiger cub for Birthday North American Regions  90% of all Canadians live near the US border  Economically richest  Militarily strongest  Ideologically the winners  Politically Unstoppable World Regions: ** the third American war ship has entered black sea Chapter 3 States: sovereignty Sovereignty: ability to kill own citizens  USA sovereign state  attain sovereignty by getting international recognition *Nothing happens at UN that doesn’t go through permanent security council  Five members  All have veto power  Russia, China, UK, US, France Genocide  critical to understanding sovereignty  Due to this issue modern definition of sovereignty unraveled  If world agrees that you are creating genocide you are no longer recognized as sovereign  UN has passed a resolution/law that if they determine genocide is occurring than we by law force us to act 7 o Set of beliefs that affects behavior  Ethnic vs. Universalizing o Universalizing: everyone can join; go out and tell people about the message  Buddhism, Mormon, Islam o Ethnic: born into it  i.e. Judaism **Fewer and Fewer adherence of ethnic religions moving to universalizing religions  only way ethnic religions can grow is high fertility rates  Exclusive vs Non-exclusive o Exclusive: only way; pick a path, only one religion  i.e. Christianity, Mormonism, Judaism o Non-Exclusive: do whatever, skip around from one religion to the other  Secular vs Fundamentalism o Secular: divide b/w religion and state o Fundamentalists: take literal what God/Jesus said – sticking to fundamentals  Old school  Which religions have fundamental elements to them: ALL religions have opposing viewpoints  All religions have radicals, extremists, and zealots : Fundamentalist approach by force  Monotheistic vs Polytheistic o Poly: believe in more than one god  i.e. Hinduism o Mono: believe in single god  Most of the western religions are mono, the eastern religions not as much Where is the east/west religion divide? The India/Pakistani border  Oldest: Hinduism (East – 3000-1600 BCE) o Karma & Reincarnation (have to do with cyclical) o Hinduism is a western term: is more a way of life than a religion o Life is cyclical, not linear (linear is western) o Indian flag: symbol in middle is a spinning wheel o Caste system; Ethnic religion o Holy Texts: the Veda o Poly or Mono?  People follow a deity (kind of like saints in Christianity) 10  Next oldest: Judaism (West – 2000-1200 BCE) o First of Abrahamic religions o Is core for ALL other western religions o Monotheistic, big time o Moses: 10 commandments o Core of Jewish knowledge is what Christians call Old Testament o Diaspora & Zionism  Diaspora: thrown to the wind. Important to Jewish thought  Moses led to promise land then they were thrown out  Zionism: movement to get all Jews to return to Israel: causing major consternation in today’s world **More jews in America than in any other part of the world  Buddahism (East: 528 BC) Started as a reform movement in Hindui What 2 countries made Saudi Arabia so mad that they left the meeting  Iran  Venezuela Just hours ago NATO finished meeting and said…  We all think Russia sucks and we demand they leave Georgia Economic Systems in the World **Communism, Modern Democracy, etc  devised in an effort to get rid of Monarchs (anti- monarchy) Communism: Communal ownership of all properties and the means of production. Everyone has a piece of the pie. (Left of socialism) Socialism: The government owns the means of production, or some of the of the resources, or perhaps a little of both and the rest is privately held by individuals. (new communism) Capitalism: All resources and the means of production are in private ownership by individuals. Ownership by the few (Right of socialism) 100% capitalistic country: NOWHERE  why…welfare, social security, AMTREC, Postal Service, Army 100% communistic country: NOWHERE 11 What caused communist/socialist systems to arise?  industrial revolution  excessive wealth cropped up Multinational corporations: powerful entitites that are now on a global scale Why is so much nationalization happening in Latin America? -- It is full of poor people, have a lot of wealth disparity US and countries like the US on the capitalist side don’t like the communist side.  US hates Cuba ** Nationalization = when a government physically takes over a resource or business to nationalize it/make it public ** Privatization = the government sells off/ gives away a public resource or business and makes it privatize  India US and EU froze all assets of Venuzeula in the banks  stiffening off to Exon (retaliation of Hugo Chavez’s nationalization) Why would a rich country nationalize a company like Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac?  Time of crisis/emergency (security/stabilization Number one use of corn: feeding to fat animals (worth more than corn itself) Quaternary jobs don’t exist in poor countries Economic tigers:  Hong Kong  Singapore  South Korea  Taiwan Mostly from class notes. World leaders. North Korea allows back nuclear inspectors. **Why did North Korea allow nuclear inspectors back?  US removed North Korea from state sponsors of terrorism list Europe acts to strengthen banks. (Pic: leaders of France, GB, Germany, and Italy  four big power players W. Europe)  Europe mimics US model. Gives banks money, partial nationalization. US stocks soar after crisis talks **What spurred wall street rally? 12