Download Class12 Chemistry alcohol,Phenol and Ethers best study notes and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! ALCOHOLS, Dele] ms
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NAME REACTIONS OF THIS CHAPTER 47 Kolbe's Reaction: Tna ¥;÷ É%"" (remove 11205 sodium ↓ Salicylic AcidPhenoxide acidic medium (2) Reimer - Tiemann Reaction : Tna - g-Not OH f¥;÷¥Ñ / """ ☒ "" ± ° Salicyladehyde OI YH saÉ, dH° %) HCl Williamson synthesis : RIONE + É¥£ ¥-2 ROR + Nax ether sodium allÉÑ halide Ig : CHz0Na + (Hsctlz Bo =µaCHz-0 -Gt3-Ctlz (4) Cumene Reaction : Ctg-!3-0-0-11 OH (Hs ☒ ¥5s + CHSCOCH ☒ → ^ Acetone cumene cumene hydroperoxide CHEMICAL REACTIONS Note: Alcohols acts as both nucleophile and electrophile . 4) Reactions involving cdevage of O - H Bond : F) Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols : (a) Reaction with metals : Alcohols and Phenol react with active metal (Naif,Al) to give Phenoxide ⇒ 212-01-1 + 2Nd- 2-R- O-Na + H2 413 ⇒ 6 ( Hz- C , - OH +2Al - 2 ((Hz- ˢO)Al 1-31-12 (Hz CH} 3 test butyl alcohol Aluminium tert -butoxide % ima ⇒ ☒ +2Na → 2 ! 1- He (b) Acidity of alcohols : Acidity ✗ no.at#a+ahgwup--e- releasing) R R I R- CHZOH > > (HOH > R-f-OH 1° R 20 R 3° (c) Acidity of Phenols : Phenols react with ag . sodium hydroxide to form sodium Phenoxide but alcohols dont . R-OH + NaOH- No ox" Ph-OH + NaOH Ph- ONa + H2O P.e. acidity : Ph -OH > H2O > R - OH in É eg : Lot ☒ dH3 IN02 (a) (b) (C) Acidity : c > a >b F) Esterification : Alcohols and Phenols react with carboxylic acid (coom), Acid anhydride /Rico)z0 and acid chlorides ( R' cocl) to give Ester . Ar / ROH . + R'COOH- As / ROCOR ' + Hao Ar / ROH + (R' 1020 As / ROCOR ' + R'COOH RI ArOH + R' coal P¥É R/Ar OCOR ' + HCl 40011 4004 NAH + ¢1131020 ""% + 41×004 salicylic Acid /Aspirin) Acetyl salicylic acid (2) Reactions involving clevage of C-0 bond : Reactions of clevage of C-0 bond only Pn Alcohols . Phenols show this only with zinc . E) Reaction with hydrogen halides: R-OH + HX - RX + H2O Alcohols soluble Pn lucas reagent , their halides are immiscible and produce turbidity . Tertiary alcohols → immidiate turbidity Primary alcohols - no turbidity at room temperature % Reaction with Phosphorus trio halides : 3R- OH + PX}→ 3R- X + HasPO} (✗= Cd , Bo) Iii, Dehydration - d-d- ¥¥,aᵗᵈYˢᵗ Used also ↳Poy , anhy . zinc chlorideHzc =CHz + H2O 14 1011 Hzsoy 443K [ ° 2° and 3° alcohols are dehydrated under milder condition : YH (Hz- CH- CH} ÉÉcH3- CH= (Hz + H2O440k 4113 14112 CH} -C- OH t CH } - C- CH} + H2O I 358k C Hz for dehydn : 3° > 2° > i (Pv) Oxidation (dehydrogenation) : It means formation of carbon oxygen double bond with clevage of an O- H and C- H bonds . H ¥-01^-1-1 - ¥-0 A-bond breaking Nate : • loss of dihydrogen from alcohol molecule . • Depend on oxi-agent used . I alcohol oxidise to aldehyde then oxidised to carboxylic acid . ↑ in RCHZOH R-C-O - R-G- 0 aldehyde c. ARCH ,OH RCHO • strong oxi agent like acidified potassium permanganate • Reagent for oxidation of tiako to aldehyde in good yield Ps pyriodpnium chloro chromate (Pcc) , a complex of chromium trioxide with pyrite and Hel . CH}- CH= ( H- CHZOH CH3-CHIH - CHO • 2° alcohol - ketones R- CH- R ' R- C-R ' GH Ketone • 3° alcohol do not do oxd" but vapours of 1° and 2° passed over heated Cu at 573kg It takes place and aldehyde or ketone is formed . 4113 4113 (Hz-4 ¥-3k (Hz- C=CH2 (Hz RCHZOH ¥É RCHO R- CH- R ' s⇒ks R- C- R ' ¥OH (3) Reactions Of Phenols only : E) Electrophilic aromatic substitution: (a) Nitration pH % 9" ☒É ☒ N°2 + ☒ ¥02 Imp: O and P isomers can be separated by steam distillation,- 0- Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular h-bonding . while P- Nitrophenol is less volatile due to intermolecular b-bonding .
