Classification - Application of Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

Download Classification - Application of Biology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Archaebacteria & Bacteria Classification • Old 5 Kingdom system • Monera, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals • New 3 Domain system – reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence • Prokaryote: Bacteria • Prokaryote: Archaebacteria • Eukaryotes – Protists – Plants – Fungi – Animals Prokaryote Docsity.com Kingdom Protist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Bacteria Docsity.com Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My! Docsity.com Prokaryote Structure • Unicellular – bacilli, cocci, spirilli • Size – 1/10 size of eukaryote cell • 1 micron (1um) • Internal structure – no internal compartments • no membrane-bound organelles • only ribosomes – circular chromosome, naked DNA • not wrapped around proteins prokaryote cell eukaryote cell Docsity.com Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Chromosome Central histone | Nucleosome Spacer histone Mew Docsity.com Prokaryotic metabolism • How do bacteria acquire their energy & nutrients? – photoautotrophs • photosynthetic bacteria – chemoautotrophs • oxidize inorganic compounds – nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen… – heterotrophs • live on plant & animal matter • decomposers & pathogens Docsity.com Genetic variation in bacteria • Mutations – bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes • binary fission – error rate in copying DNA • 1 in every 200 bacteria has a mutation • you have billions of E. coli in your gut! – lots of mutation potential! • Genetic recombination – bacteria swap genes • plasmids – small supplemental circles of DNA • conjugation – direct transfer of DNA conjugation Docsity.com Bacteria as pathogens • Disease-causing microbes – plant diseases • wilts, fruit rot, blights – animal diseases • tooth decay, ulcers • anthrax, botulism • plague, leprosy, “flesh-eating” disease • STDs: gonorrhea, chlamydia • typhoid, cholera • TB, pneumonia • lyme disease Docsity.com