CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM, Study notes of Biology

Download CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Kingdom Phyla Type of cell (uni/multi/euka /proka) Reproduction Example Distinct features Protista (Eukaryotic) Euglenophyta (Euglenoids) Unicellular Asexually, Cell division Outer covering: Flexible (Pellicle/perplast) Pigment​: Chlorophyll a and b Others​: store Paramylon, 2 flagella (one is v short) Pyrrophyta (Dinoflagellates) Unicellular, some colonial Asexually, cell division Outer covering: ​Cellulose plates with silica (Silicon dioxide) Pigment​: -Chlorophyll a and c -Xanthophyll -Fucoxanthin Others​: 2 flagella, Gonyaulax (neurotoxin) Phaeophyta (Brown algae) Multicellular Asexually: spores Sexually: Haploid gametophytes unites Rockweed (rock) Kelp (60m) Outer covering: Pigment​: -Chlorophyll a and c -Fucoxanthin Others​: -2 flagella on reproductive cells Chlorophyta (Green algae) Unicellular Colonial Siphonous Multicellular Highly variable Spirogyra or water silk -unicellular green thread or filament Outer covering: ​Sheet-like body -Cell walls: Cellulose and pectin Pigment: -Chlorophyll a and c -Carotenoids Others: -flagellated (some nonmotile) -Pyrenoids (starch) Rhodophyta (Red algae) Multicellular Asexually: monospores Outer covering: -Cell walls: cellulose and carbohydrates Pigment: -Chlorophyll a and c -Carotenoids Others: ​lack flagella and centrioles -Agar -Carrageenan Fungi Zygomycota Multicellular Spores​: Sporangiospores (Asexually) -Black bread mold -Microsporidia -Thallus​: ​Coenocytic hyphae -Saprobes -Parasites Ascomycota Multicellular Unicellular Spores​: -Ascospores (Sexually) -Conidospores (Asexually) -Yeast -Powdery mildews -molds -morels -truffles -Septate hyphae (molds) Basidiospores Spores​: -Basidiospores (Sexually) (Basidium) -mushrooms -bracket fungi -rusts -puffballs -smuts -Septate hyphae Chytridiomycota Unicellular Spores​: -Spores with. single posterior flagellum (Asexually) -Flagellated gametes -Chytridium -Thallus: Rhizoids -Decomposers -Only fungi with flagellated cells the leaf) Quillworts (Isoetes) (Lycopodia) -Spore bearing vascular plant Megasporangia: few large megaspores, outer base outer leaves Microsporangia- smaller microspores, inner leaves base -Perennial, semiaquatic, temperate, freshwater habitats -CORM (cylindrical quill-like leaves (microphylls) >where root aise, dichotomously -No aerial stems Plantae: Vascular with seeds Coniferophyta (Conifers) (Gymnos) -pines -cedars -spruces -sequoias -firs -yews -tall trees, scale/needle like leaves -cold and dry weather -woods have tracheids, no vessel elements -soft wood -deciduous Cycadophyta (Cycads) (Gymnos) -mild climates -large, compound leaves -large cones -Mesozoic -ornamental plants in tropics and subtropics Ginkgophyta (Ginkgophytes) (Gymnos) -male and female organ is produced separately -Ginkgo biloba -fanshaped leaves, dichotomous venation pattern, turn yellow in autumn and fall -resistant to pollution Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) (Gymnos) -Ephedra -Gnetum -Welwitschia -broad leaves -vines/small shrubs in tropical and subtropical -Posses vessel elements Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms -Magnoliidae -Laurels *bay laurel *cinnamon *spice bush *avocado tree -Nymphaealas *water lilies *lotus -Piperales *Piper nigrum Monocot -Palm trees (vascular and parenchyma tissues fr primary/secondar y thickening of meristems) -true lilies -orchids -grasses -palms -rice -corn -sugar cane -bananas -Pineapples -single cotyledon -parallel veins, 2/6 fold symmetry -no true woody tissue -Monosulcate-first pollen w/ single furrow/pore outer layer -vascular tissue not. arranged -root system adventitious, no tap root Eudicot -two cotyledons, developing shoot -veins in networks, flower parts 4-5 whorls -vascular tissues in ring -Trisulfate/Triporate- pollen, three furrows/pores -herbaceous/produce woody tissues -Root system, one root -⅔ of all flowering plants