Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023), Exams of Nursing

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Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) if work of breathing is too high, what can be the result? - correct answer ✅respiratory failure a sigh is a sign of what? - correct answer ✅extra need for oxygen compliance - correct answer ✅distensibility or stretch of the lungs- can the lungs adapt? as compliance increases, what happens to recoil? - correct answer ✅decreases what are the two types of compliance? - correct answer ✅-static compliance -dynamic compliance static compliance - correct answer ✅measured under condition of no airflow (inspiratory hold) dynamic compliance - correct answer ✅measured while gases flowing anything that increases interthoracic pressure will cause what? - correct answer ✅impeding of blood to the lungs and heart Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) what factors affect resistance? - correct answer ✅airway length, airway diameter, flow rate of gases Tidal Volume (TV) - correct answer ✅amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions what is a normal tidal volume? - correct answer ✅500 mL or 5-7 mL/kg what condition happens when someone is about to die? - correct answer ✅respiratory acidosis what is a normal PaO2 - correct answer ✅80-100 mmHg what is the best test to determine adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation? - correct answer ✅ABG Where are ABG's drawn from? - correct answer ✅radial or femoral artery serial ABGs show - correct answer ✅changes in values Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) if the ET tube is advanced too far down the trachea, what happens?why? - correct answer ✅ET tube goes down right bronchi; it is the shorter and fatter bronchi what is done as final confirmation of correct placement of an ET tube? - correct answer ✅chest x-ray intubation must occur how quickly after laryngoscope is inserted? - correct answer ✅30 seconds what is the correct tube size for a female? - correct answer ✅7.5-8 mm what is the correct ET tube size for a male? - correct answer ✅8-9 mm where should an ET tube be sitting in the body? - correct answer ✅3-4 cm above carina What is a contraindication for nasotracheal intubation? - correct answer ✅basilar skull fracture- can go through brain! Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) you hear abnormal sounds when auscultating your patient and cannot distinguish whether the sounds are rhonchi or crackles/rales- what should you do? - correct answer ✅have the patient cough- if the sound clears, it was rhonchi; if it stays, it was crackles/rales what intervention should be done with rhonchi in a patient with an ET tube? - correct answer ✅suction ET tube what intervention should be done with crackles/rales in patient with an ET tube? - correct answer ✅a diuretic should be ordered/ administered what might cause an increase in peak inspiratory pressure reading? - correct answer ✅-secretions building up -mucous plug -biting -fighting vent (dysynchrony) what intervention should be done in the event of dysynchrony? - correct answer ✅sedation should be administered Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) what may cause a low peak inspiratory pressure reading? - correct answer ✅-air leak -tube disconnected what are indications for mechanical ventilation? - correct answer ✅-hypoxemia -hypercapnia -progressive deterioration what limits define hypoxemia? - correct answer ✅PaO2 <_ 60 mm Hg on FiO2 > .50 what limits define hypercapnia? - correct answer ✅PCO2 >_ 50 mm Hg with pH <_ 7.25 what limits define progressive deterioration? - correct answer ✅-increasing RR -decreasing tidal volume (breaths more shallow) -increased WOB what respiratory rate is a patient initially set to on mechanical ventilation? - correct answer ✅14-20 breaths per minute Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) What is CPAP used for? - correct answer ✅Continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP ) uses a machine to help a person who has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) breathe more easily during sleep. A CPAP machine increases air pressure in your throat so that your airway doesn't collapse when you breathe in. T or F: with CPAP, there is the same pressure on inspiration as there is with expiration - correct answer ✅true what can be used to prevent reintubation? - correct answer ✅CPAP what is pressure support? - correct answer ✅-patient's spontaneous effort is assisted by present amount of positive pressure (6-12 cm H2O) what mechanical ventilation decreases WOB with spontaneous breaths? - correct answer ✅pressure support what is a pneumothorax? - correct answer ✅air in the pleural space tension pneumothorax - correct answer ✅a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) what is necessary to notice for barotrauma? - correct answer ✅high PAP, decreased breath sounds, tracheal shift, subcutaneous crepitus, hypoxemia what is volutrauma? - correct answer ✅- overdistension of normal alveoli what is the damage in volutrauma similar to? - correct answer ✅early ARDS what should a patient with volutrauma's PIP be kept at? - correct answer ✅<40 cm H2O what prophylactic measures can be taken to prevent VAP? - correct answer ✅turning, epiglottal suctioning, antibiotics, aspiration secretions from above ETT what is the "ventilator bundle" - correct answer ✅-head of bed 30 degrees - awaken daily and assess readiness to wean -stress ulcer prophylaxis -DVT prophylaxis -oral care (chlorhexidine in some bundles) what is given as prophylaxis for stress ulcers? - correct answer ✅protonix Clinical Application 3: Respiratory Exam Questions and Answers (Latest 2023) patient was recently taken off the ventilator and is supposed to start oral feedings, what must be done before this can be done? - correct answer ✅swallow assessment what determines readiness to wean? - correct answer ✅-underlying cause for mechanical ventilation resolved -hemodynamic instability; adequate respiratory muscle strength -adequate oxygenation without a high FiO2 and/or high PEEP -absence of factors that impair weaning -mental readiness -minimal need for medicines that cause respiratory depression when should the weaning process be stopped? - correct answer ✅-respiratory rate >35 or <8 bpm -low spontaneous tidal volume <5 mL/kg -labored respirations -use of accessory muscles -low SpO2 <90% -HR or BP changes >20% from baseline