Clinical Decision making & differential diagnosis, Exams of Clinical Medicine

Download Clinical Decision making & differential diagnosis and more Exams Clinical Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! Creating 100 unique multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on clinical decision making and differential diagnosis is quite an extensive task, but I'll provide a selection here: 1. When considering a patient's medical history in clinical decision making, which of the following is most relevant? a) Family history b) Occupation c) Social media activity d) Favorite food Correct answer: a) Family history 2. Which of the following is NOT a component of SOAP notes used in clinical decision making? a) Subjective b) Objective c) Assessment d) Physical Correct answer: d) Physical 3. Which imaging modality is most commonly used to diagnose fractures? a) MRI b) Ultrasound c) X-ray d) CT scan Correct answer: c) X-ray 4. Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with appendicitis? a) Nausea b) Lower back pain c) Fever d) RLQ tenderness Correct answer: b) Lower back pain 5. Which laboratory test is most useful in diagnosing myocardial infarction? a) Serum lipase b) Troponin levels c) Serum creatinine d) White blood cell count Correct answer: b) Troponin levels 6. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis? a) Presence of rheumatoid factor b) HLA-B27 positivity c) Presence of tophi d) Normal ESR and CRP Correct answer: a) Presence of rheumatoid factor 7. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? a) Heartburn b) Regurgitation c) Chest pain Correct answer: b) Streptococcal pharyngitis 15. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS)? a) Muscle weakness b) Visual disturbances c) Intention tremor d) Hypertension Correct answer: d) Hypertension 16. What is the primary treatment for acute asthma exacerbation? a) Antibiotics b) Bronchodilators c) Antidepressants d) Antipyretics Correct answer: b) Bronchodilators 17. Which of the following is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? a) Hypertension b) Dysphagia c) Dysuria d) Photosensitivity Correct answer: c) Dysuria 18. A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, described as "the worst headache of my life." Which condition should be considered? a) Migraine b) Cluster headache c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage d) Tension headache Correct answer: c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 19. What is the most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in adults? a) Streptococcus pneumoniae b) Neisseria meningitidis c) Haemophilus influenzae d) Escherichia coli Correct answer: a) Streptococcus pneumoniae 20. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? a) Polyuria b) Bradycardia c) Kussmaul breathing d) Nausea and vomiting Correct answer: b) Bradycardia 21. Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD)? a) Hypertension b) Hypercholesterolemia c) Regular exercise d) Diabetes mellitus Correct answer: c) Regular exercise 22. A patient presents with fever, cough, and purulent sputum production. What condition is most likely? a) Pneumonia b) Bronchitis c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma Correct answer: a) Pneumonia 23. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? a) Positive rheumatoid factor b) Photosensitivity c) Presence of HLA-B27 antigen d) Absence of ANA antibodies Correct answer: b) Photosensitivity 24. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a) Gallstones b) Alcohol consumption c) Pancreatic cancer d) Cystic fibrosis Correct answer: a) Gallstones 25.Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism? a) Weight loss b) Heat intolerance c) Pick bodies d) Absence of amyloid plaques Correct answer: b) Neurofibrillary tangles 33. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? a) Diabetes mellitus b) Hypertension c) Polycystic kidney disease d) Glomerulonephritis Correct answer: a) Diabetes mellitus 34. A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. What condition should be suspected? a) Migraine b) Cluster headache c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage d) Tension headache Correct answer: c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 35. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of peptic ulcer disease? a) Epigastric pain b) Hematemesis c) Melena d) Dysphagia Correct answer: d) Dysphagia 36. What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media? a) Antiviral medications b) Analgesics c) Antihistamines d) Antibiotics Correct answer: d) Antibiotics 37. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? a) Heartburn b) Regurgitation c) Dysphagia d) Odynophagia Correct answer: c) Dysphagia 38. A patient presents with acute-onset severe abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, and guarding. What condition should be considered? a) Cholecystitis b) Appendicitis c) Diverticulitis d) Pancreatitis Correct answer: b) Appendicitis 39. What is the primary treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma? a) Beta-blockers b) Prostaglandin analogs c) Miotics d) Acetazolamide Correct answer: d) Acetazolamide 40. Which of the following is a common symptom of acute glomerulonephritis? a) Hematuria b) Polyuria c) Hypercalcemia d) Hypokalemia Correct answer: a) Hematuria 41. A patient presents with fever, cough, and rusty-colored sputum. What condition is most likely? a) Pneumonia b) Bronchitis c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma Correct answer: a) Pneumonia 42. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a) Gallstones b) Alcohol consumption c) Pancreatic cancer d) Cystic fibrosis Correct answer: a) Gallstones 43. Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism? a) Weight loss b) Heat intolerance a) Presence of Lewy bodies b) Neurofibrillary tangles c) Pick bodies d) Absence of amyloid plaques Correct answer: b) Neurofibrillary tangles 51. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? a) Diabetes mellitus b) Hypertension c) Polycystic kidney disease d) Glomerulonephritis Correct answer: a) Diabetes mellitus 52. A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. What condition should be suspected? a) Migraine b) Cluster headache c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage d) Tension headache Correct answer: c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 53. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of peptic ulcer disease? a) Epigastric pain b) Hematemesis c) Melena d) Dysphagia Correct answer: d) Dysphagia 54. What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media? a) Antiviral medications b) Analgesics c) Antihistamines d) Antibiotics Correct answer: d) Antibiotics 55. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? a) Heartburn b) Regurgitation c) Dysphagia d) Odynophagia Correct answer: c) Dysphagia 56. A patient presents with acute-onset severe abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, and guarding. What condition should be considered? a) Cholecystitis b) Appendicitis c) Diverticulitis d) Pancreatitis Correct answer: b) Appendicitis 57. What is the primary treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma? a) Beta-blockers b) Prostaglandin analogs c) Miotics d) Acetazolamide Correct answer: d) Acetazolamide 58. Which of the following is a common symptom of acute glomerulonephritis? a) Hematuria b) Polyuria c) Hypercalcemia d) Hypokalemia Correct answer: a) Hematuria 59. A patient presents with fever, cough, and rusty-colored sputum. What condition is most likely? a) Pneumonia b) Bronchitis c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma Correct answer: a) Pneumonia 60. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a) Gallstones b) Alcohol consumption c) Pancreatic cancer d) Cystic fibrosis Correct answer: a) Gallstones 61. Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism? b) Neurofibrillary tangles c) Pick bodies d) Absence of amyloid plaques Correct answer: b) Neurofibrillary tangles 69. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? a) Diabetes mellitus b) Hypertension c) Polycystic kidney disease d) Glomerulonephritis Correct answer: a) Diabetes mellitus 70. A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. What condition should be suspected? a) Migraine b) Cluster headache c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage d) Tension headache Correct answer: c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 71. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of peptic ulcer disease? a) Epigastric pain b) Hematemesis c) Melena d) Dysphagia Correct answer: d) Dysphagia 72. What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media? a) Antiviral medications b) Analgesics c) Antihistamines d) Antibiotics Correct answer: d) Antibiotics 73. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? a) Heartburn b) Regurgitation c) Dysphagia d) Odynophagia Correct answer: c) Dysphagia 74. A patient presents with acute-onset severe abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, and guarding. What condition should be considered? a) Cholecystitis b) Appendicitis c) Diverticulitis d) Pancreatitis Correct answer: b) Appendicitis 75. What is the primary treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma? a) Beta-blockers b) Prostaglandin analogs c) Miotics d) Acetazolamide Correct answer: d) Acetazolamide 76. Which of the following is a common symptom of acute glomerulonephritis? a) Hematuria b) Polyuria c) Hypercalcemia d) Hypokalemia Correct answer: a) Hematuria 77. A patient presents with fever, cough, and rusty-colored sputum. What condition is most likely? a) Pneumonia b) Bronchitis c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma Correct answer: a) Pneumonia 78. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a) Gallstones b) Alcohol consumption c) Pancreatic cancer d) Cystic fibrosis Correct answer: a) Gallstones 79. Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism? a) Weight loss c) Pick bodies d) Absence of amyloid plaques Correct answer: b) Neurofibrillary tangles 87. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? a) Diabetes mellitus b) Hypertension c) Polycystic kidney disease d) Glomerulonephritis Correct answer: a) Diabetes mellitus 88. A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. What condition should be suspected? a) Migraine b) Cluster headache c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage d) Tension headache Correct answer: c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 89. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of peptic ulcer disease? a) Epigastric pain b) Hematemesis c) Melena d) Dysphagia Correct answer: d) Dysphagia 90. What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media? a) Antiviral medications b) Analgesics c) Antihistamines d) Antibiotics Correct answer: d) Antibiotics 91. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? a) Heartburn b) Regurgitation c) Dysphagia d) Odynophagia Correct answer: c) Dysphagia 92. A patient presents with acute-onset severe abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, and guarding. What condition should be considered? a) Cholecystitis b) Appendicitis c) Diverticulitis d) Pancreatitis Correct answer: b) Appendicitis 93. What is the primary treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma? a) Beta-blockers b) Prostaglandin analogs c) Miotics d) Acetazolamide Correct answer: d) Acetazolamide 94. Which of the following is a common symptom of acute glomerulonephritis? a) Hematuria b) Polyuria c) Hypercalcemia d) Hypokalemia Correct answer: a) Hematuria 95. A patient presents with fever, cough, and rusty-colored sputum. What condition is most likely? a) Pneumonia b) Bronchitis c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma Correct answer: a) Pneumonia 96. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a) Gallstones b) Alcohol consumption c) Pancreatic cancer d) Cystic fibrosis Correct answer: a) Gallstones 97. Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism? a) Weight loss b) Heat intolerance