Clinical Psych Ch. 1: What is Clinical Psychology?., Exams of Psychology

Download Clinical Psych Ch. 1: What is Clinical Psychology?. and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Clinical Psych Ch. 1: What is Clinical Psychology? Definition by APA: Clinical Psychology - The field of Clinical Psychology integrates science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development. Clinical psychology focuses on the ___________, emotional, __________, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the ____ ____, in _______ cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels. - intellectual; biological; life span; varying The definition of clinical psychology focuses on the _________ of science and practice, the __________ of this integrated knowledge across diverse human populations, and the _______ of alleviating human suffering and promoting health. - integration; application; purpose Certain requirements for those wishing to be clinical psychologists have more to do with __________ and _________ than with ________ and _____________. - attitudes; character; training; credentialing Clinical attitude/approach - the tendency to combine knowledge from research on human behavior and mental processes with efforts at individual assessment in order to understand and help a particular person What are the personality variables that are important in clinical psychology? - an interest in people, integrity in dealing with others, emotional stability, and intellectual curiosity Those who practice clinical psychology must be __________ to do so by state and national agencies - licensed Legal requirements vary not only by state but also by ______ __ ________ - levels of training _____ _________ clinicians can rent or own their own offices, set fees, establish work hours, bill insurance companies or other third parties, consult, testify in court, and engage in a number of other activities characteristic of independent private practice - fully licensed In clinical psychology doctorate program, students complete substantial advanced coursework in ______________, __________, and ____________ strategies, and they become involved in conducting clinical ________. - psychopathology; assessment; intervention; research What is the difference between Ph.D and Psy.D in regards to study? - they differ in the extent to which science and research are stressed To obtain a limited practitioner license (e.g. limited license psychologist, marriage and family therapist, psychological assistant, mental health counselor, etc.), one usually only needs a _______ degree and a specific period of ___________________________ - master's; postgraduate supervised experience How long of internships are required to complete clinical psychologists required training? - 1-2 years What is the name of the comprehensive examination that candidates must declare to licensing boards their areas of competence? - licensing board exam What is another name for the licensing board exam in the US and Canada? - Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) Reciprocity - when the clinical psychologist license is recognized in a state other than the one where they were first licensed Ethics Code - publication that offers guidance on ethical concerns related to competence, human relations, privacy and confidentiality, record keeping, education and training, therapy, and many other situations. Clinical psychology is the ________ subfield of psychology - largest What is the largest organization of psychologists in the US? - the American Psychological Association (APA) Mental health literacy - accurate understanding of psychological disorders and their treatments Clinical psychologists are considered ______ _______ _________ - health service providers ____________ psychologists are the most similar to clinical psychologists in their training and in the types of services that they offer - counseling One difference between clinical and counseling psychology is that ________ psychology programs are invariably housed in psychology departments, while __________ psychology programs are sometimes in psychology departments, but are often located in education departments or other departments or divisions. - clinical; counseling biggest contribution Clinical research varies greatly with respect to its _______ and _____ - setting; scope What are the 4 reasons that most graduate programs in clinical psychology devote a significant time to training in empirical research despite that many clinical psychologists do not end up pursuing a career in research nor publish a single piece of research? - 1. it is important that all clinicians be able to critically evaluate published research so that they can determine which assessment procedures and therapeutic interventions are likely to be effective. 2. clinicians who work in academia must often supervise and evaluate research projects conducted by their students. 3. when psychologists who work in community mental health centers or other service agencies are asked to assist administrators in evaluating the effectiveness of the agency's programs, their research training can be very valuable. 4. research training can help clinicians objectively evaluate the effectiveness of their own clinical work A considerable portion of many clinical psychologists' time is spent in ___________ activities - educational A good deal of clinical psychologists' teaching takes the form of ___________ ___________ - research supervision Consultation - advice provided by clinical psychologists to organizations about a variety of problems which combines aspects of research, assessment, treatment, and teaching Consultants perform many kinds of tasks, including __________ (e.g. familiarizing staff with research relevant to their work), ______ (e.g. about cases or programs), ______ _______ (e.g. assessment, treatment and evaluation), and ______________________________(e.g., eliminating sources of trouble by altering personnel assignments). - education; advice; direct service; reduction of intraorganizational conflict When consulting is ____ oriented, the clinician focuses attention on a particular client or organizational problem and either deals with it ________ or offers ______ on how it might best be handled. - case; directly; advice When consultation is ______ or ______________ oriented, the clinician focuses on those aspects of organizational function or structure that are causing trouble - program; administration Administration - many clinical psychologists find themselves engaged in managing or running the daily operations of organizations What are some examples of administrative posts held by clinical psychologists? - head of a college or university psychology department, directory of a graduate training program in clinical psychology, etc. What clinicians do and where they do it has always depended - and will always depend- on ___________ demands, _________ values, changing _________ climates, and the pressing needs of the society in which they function - situational; cultural; political What is the average salary of doctoral-level clinical psychologists as of 2010 - appx. $87,000 Ethnic minorities currently make up approximately __% of the new doctoral degrees in clinical psychology - 20 About __% of clinical psychologists are LGBT - 7 What factors of seeking psychological help may vary across cultures? - different ways of expressing psychological distress, response to treatments may vary, willingness to seek psychological help _________ competence has become a requirement for clinical psychologists - cultural Evidence-based practice (EBP) - basing professional practice on solid, up-to-date research What is a problem with EBP? - the field lacks a clear consensus on which research is of the highest quality, what is shows, and exactly how it should guide practice. Both _________ ________ and ________ __________ are crucial for evaluating the usefulness of different psychological interventions - empirical evidence; clinical experience There are ___ general models upon which clinical psychology training is based - two What is the Boulder model also known as? - the science-practitioner model Boulder model - recommended that clinical psychologists be proficient in research and professional practice, earn a Ph.D in psychology from a university-based graduate program, and complete a supervised, year long internship Vail model - recommended alternative training that placed proportionately less emphasis of scientific training and more on preparation for the delivery of clinical services, the Psy.D would be the appropriate degree. What are some of the differences in clinical psychology training programs? - application processes, costs, training orientations, and outcomes Eclecticism - an approach in which it is acceptable, and even desirable, to employ techniques from a variety of "schools" rather than sticking to just one. Psychotherapy integration - the systematic combining of elements of various clinical psychology theories Eclecticism is closely related to the idea of _____________ ____________ - psychotherapy integration Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act (MHPAA) - Mental health parity requires that health insurers provide the same level of coverage for mental illness as they do for physical illness. Most health care, including mental health care, involves 3 parties: ______, _________, and an __________ ________, HMO, or similar organization - client; clinician; insurance company Managed Care - when the third-party organization influences who provides service, which treatments are used, how long treatments last, how much providers are paid, what records are kept, and so on. Managed Care systems use ________ ___________, not just clinicians' judgments, to make decisions about treatment - business principles What are the cons of Managed Care? - violations of standards of care of ethical standards in order to be paid; decreased salary than previously before managed care What are the pros of Managed Care? - stimulate research into which treatments are most effective for which problems; more emphasis on prevention What was the first state to pass legislation stating that permitted licensed psychologists with specialized training can prescribe psychotropic medications? - New Mexico, 2002