Sustainable Construction and Green Building: Key Concepts and Principles, Exams of Land Development

Download Sustainable Construction and Green Building: Key Concepts and Principles and more Exams Land Development in PDF only on Docsity! CME 215 Exam 1| 87 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 4 indicators that the green building movement is shifting into the mainstream: CORRECT ANSWERS: -the majority of firms engaged in design and construction expected that over 60% of their world would be in green building by 2015 -Arabs first Forum for Sustainable Communities -US continued evolution of thinking about how to best achieve high standards of efficiency in the built environment while at the same time promoting human health and protecting ecological systems. -Apple and Google have announced major projects that indicate their industry is embracing high performance green building. BREEAM (United Kingdom) CORRECT ANSWERS: Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method CASBEE ( In Japan) CORRECT ANSWERS: Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency Green Star CORRECT ANSWERS: Australia Changing conditions affecting the built environment in significant ways CORRECT ANSWERS: -increased demand for buildings that are resource efficient -building location is a key factor in reducing energy consumption because transportation energy can amount to two times the operational energy of the building. 2030 Challenge CORRECT ANSWERS: goal is to achieve dramatic reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions of the built environment by changing the way buildings and developments are planned, designed, and constructed. High performance building projects are now addressing three emerging challenges CORRECT ANSWERS: -demand for high efficiency buildings -consideration of building location to minimize transportation energy -the challenges of climate change Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) CORRECT ANSWERS: allows the quantification of the environmental impacts of design decisions that span the entire life of the project. Green Building CORRECT ANSWERS: refers to the quality and characteristics of the actual structure created using the principles and methodologies of sustainable construction. High performance building CORRECT ANSWERS: uses whole building design to achieve energy, economic, and environmental performance that is substantially better than standard practice whole building design or integrated design. CORRECT ANSWERS: considers site, energy, materials, indoor air quality, acoustics, and natural resources as well as there interrelation with one another. Sustainable Land CORRECT ANSWERS: based on the principle that land, particularly undeveloped, natural, or agricultural land is a precious, finite, resource and its development should be minimized. Water Issues CORRECT ANSWERS: The availability of potable water is the limiting factor for development and construction in many areas of the world Green Buildings are achieving rapid penetration in the US construction market for three primary reasons. CORRECT ANSWERS: -sustainable construction provides an ethical and practical response to issues of environmental impact and resource consumption. -Green building virtually always makes economic sense on an LLC basis, although they may be more expensive on a capital, or first-cost basis. -sustainable design acknowledges the potential effect of the building, including its operation, on the health of its human occupants. GGGC CORRECT ANSWERS: The Pennsylvania Governors Green Government Council Transparency CORRECT ANSWERS: when associated with the green building movement, is concerned with open provision of information about (1) building energy and water performance and (2) the impacts of the materials and products that compose the building. HDP CORRECT ANSWERS: reports on the materials or ingredients contents of a building product and the associated health effects. Carbon Accounting; new concepts like low-carbon, carbon-neutral and zero carbon buildings CORRECT ANSWERS: an emerging effort to begin coping with the huge quantities of carbon emissions associated with the built environment. BIM CORRECT ANSWERS: Building Information Modeling - a design and visualization tool important to the building industry Vertical Urbanism CORRECT ANSWERS: meeting the demands for the built environment, whole ecosystems of skyscrapers are growing in the worlds burgeoning urban areas and contributing to the emergence of a new urban form Climate Change CORRECT ANSWERS: todays dominant environmental issue, human-caused Sustainable Construction CORRECT ANSWERS: the response of the construction industry response to the rapid negative changes in Earth's environment and its ecosystems. the natural step CORRECT ANSWERS: eliminate the effects of materials practice on our health Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) CORRECT ANSWERS: the method for determining the environmental and resource impacts of a material, product, or even a whole building over its entire life Life cycle costing (LCC) CORRECT ANSWERS: A cost/benefit analysis is performed for each years of the buildings probable life Embodied Energy CORRECT ANSWERS: refers to the total energy consumed in the acquisition and processing of raw materials, including manufacturing, transportation, an final installation. Factor 4 and factor 10 CORRECT ANSWERS: provide a set of guidelines for comparing design options and for evaluating the performance of buildings and their component systems Factor 4 CORRECT ANSWERS: suggests that for humanity to live sustainably today , we must rapidly reduce resource consumption to one quarter of its current levels factor 10 CORRECT ANSWERS: in order to achieve long term sustainability, we must reduce resource consumption by a factor of 10 Major Environmental and Resource Concerns CORRECT ANSWERS: climate change deforestation, desertification, and soil erosion eutrophication and acidification loss of biodiversity toxic substances and endocrine disruptors depletion of metal stocks key american organizations promoting the implementation of sustainable construction practices CORRECT ANSWERS: US Green Building Council Green Building Initiative US Environmental Protection Agency National Association of Home Builders US Department of Defense Green Building Initiative (GBI) CORRECT ANSWERS: adopted Green Globes (canadian) to the US building market as alternative to the USGBC LEED Living Building Challenge CORRECT ANSWERS: challenging set of 20 prerequisites that a building must attain in order to achieve certification Architecture 2030 CORRECT ANSWERS: mission to rapidly transform the built environment in order to have enormous GHG reductions. By 2030, all new buildings will be carbon neutral ecological design CORRECT ANSWERS: any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes 4 fronts contemporary ecological designers face: CORRECT ANSWERS: 1. understanding ecology and its applicability 2. Determining how to use nature as the model 3. Coping with an industrial production system the operates using conventional thinking 4. Reversing at least 2 centuries of design that used the machine at is model and metaphor How to develop an exceptional building CORRECT ANSWERS: think plan study follow standard rating system key problem facing ecological design CORRECT ANSWERS: lack of knowledge, experience, and understanding of how to apply ecology to design Sustainability addresses: CORRECT ANSWERS: a broad range of economic, environmental, and social issues Benefits of sustainable design CORRECT ANSWERS: siting water efficiency energy efficiency materials and resources indoor environmental quality commissioning: operations and maintenance R. Buckminister Fuller CORRECT ANSWERS: laid the foundation for the green building revolution in the US -geodesic dome -aluminum house -attempt at autonomous house Fuller originated the term Spaceship Earth CORRECT ANSWERS: describes how dependent humans are on the planet and its ecosystems for their survival and how the waste we create ends up in the biosphere Frank Lloyd Wright CORRECT ANSWERS: important figure in architecture -his thinking on nature and building laid some of the early foundations for the contemporary high-performance green building movement Richard Neutra CORRECT ANSWERS: recognized how flawed the products of human creation were compared to with those of nature. Lewis Mumford CORRECT ANSWERS: renowned for his writings on cities, architecture, technology, literature, and modern life. Ian McHarg CORRECT ANSWERS: noted the disconnect between buildings and nature in the Industrial Age Malcolm Wells CORRECT ANSWERS: generally critical of architects for failing to be aware of or moved by the biological foundations of both life and art John Lyle CORRECT ANSWERS: pursued the goal of creating regenerative landscapes Design for Human Ecosystems Key Green building publications CORRECT ANSWERS: The Hannover Principles The Local Government Sustainable Buildings Guidebook The Sustainable Building Technical Manual Environmental Building News The Hannover Principles CORRECT ANSWERS: 1. Insists on the rights of humanity and nature to coexist 2. recognize interdependence 3. respect relationships between spirit and matter 4. accept responsibility for the consequences of design 5. Create safe objects of long-term value 6. rely on natural energy flows 7. eliminate the concept of waste 8. understand the limitations of design 9. sekk constant improvement by the sharing of knowledge Designing with Nature: Ken Yeang CORRECT ANSWERS: how to apply ecology directly to architecture. -the env.must be kept biologically viable by people -env. degradation is unacceptable destruction of ecosystems by humans must be minimized -natural resources are limited Ecological Design: sim van de run and stuart cowan CORRECT ANSWERS: 1. solutions grow from place 2.ecological accounting informs design 3. design with nature 4. everyone is a designer 5. make nature visible General management rules for sustainability CORRECT ANSWERS: (1) use of renewable resources should not exceed the regeneration rate (2) nonrenewable resources may be used only if physical or functional substitutes are provided (3) the release of waste matter should not exceed the absorption capacity of nature Design Principles for industrial ecology CORRECT ANSWERS: interfacing bionics