Cognitive Model of Addiction - Addiction - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Cognitive Model of Addiction - Addiction - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! The Cognitive Model of Addiction Docsity.com Objective ‒ Understand the Cognitive Approach to explaining Addictive behaviour and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses BATs • ALL - Describe the cognitive model of Addiction (D/E) MOST - Explain the reasons for initiation, maintenance and relapse of addictive behaviours (C ) • MOST – Evaluate the cognitive model of addiction (A/B) • SOME ‒ Incorporate synoptic points into an essay (A/A*) • Synoptic Aspects – gender differences, determinism v free will, move away from reductionism to integrative approach – biopsychosocial approach, publication bias • Homework – • Docsity.com Cognitive Models of Addiction The Biological model suggests that our genes and nervous system play a big part in addictive behaviour, BUT .. Why don’t we feel euphoric and become dependent on morphine (similar opiate to heroin) after surgery? Other processes must be involved … Docsity.com The Cognitive Approach to Addictive Behaviour • Explains addiction by looking at the thought processes behind it. • Discuss how thought processes might lead to addiction Docsity.com The Cognitive Approach to Addictive Behaviour • Explains addiction by looking at the thought processes behind it. These are shaped by a person’s … 1. Attitude towards the behaviour – e.g. ‘alcohol helps me to feel confident and relaxed’ 2. Perception of the behaviour of others – e.g. ‘I need a drink to fit in’ 3. Perception of their ability to control their own behaviour – e.g. ‘I can’t cope with social situations if I don’t have a drink’ Docsity.com Self Efficacy Bandura (97) – Self – efficacy refers to ‘beliefs in one’s capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments.’ Our beliefs in ourselves and whether we are able to deal with the effects of a particular behaviour Thought processes under our own control (including self-efficacy) play an important role in determining human behaviour Influences decisions we make, goals we pursue and how much and how long we will persevere when confronted with obstacles in attaining our goals. Docsity.com What dysfunctional beliefs might a drug user have …? Expectations that .. Psychological or emotional need for it Social/intellectual functioning better with it Provides excitement or pleasure Feel energised or more powerful Soothing effect Exploring Psychology A2 – Folens ‘09 Distorted thinking makes addict unable to abstain If I don’t have it I’ll feel down all the time. I’m only good company when I’ve had a drink I won’t have anything to live for Docsity.com Expectancies Expectancies do not have to be accurate to motivate our behaviour!! People may drink alcohol because they believe/expect it will increase sexual arousal. (Crowe and George ’89) It actually has the opposite effect!! (Brewers droop!!) Docsity.com Why are perfectly rational people unable to give up an addiction? Quitting smoking didn't create "huge withdrawal symptoms," the Illinois senator said, partly because he smoked only seven or eight cigarettes a day at his peak. He said anyone trying to kick the habit should: "Eliminate certain key connections – that first cigarette in the morning, or after a meal, or with a drink," he said. "If you can eliminate those triggers, that should help." Barack Obama promised wife Michelle he would kick the habit if he stood for the White House. But he admitted during the election race he still has the occasional crafty cigarette . Docsity.com Why are perfectly rational people unable to give up an addiction? Maintenance and Relapse Faulty ways of thinking when weighing up the consequences of the action. Ainslie (92) suggests – people consider present and future consequences of actions, but attach different weightings to them, with greater weight given to the present. e.g attach too much weight to immediate rewards of accepting a cigarette, at that moment unable to appreciate the longer term benefits of refusing ‘cognitive myopia’ (short sightedness) Docsity.com Over to you …. Groups of 3/4 Each group reads one of the Cognitive explanations on p240 Create a 2-3 minute role play to illustrate the sorts of behaviours associated with each explanation. Share with the other groups Docsity.com Evaluating The Cognitive Model  Cognitive models have led to effective therapies (CBT) suggesting cognitive problems are an important factor in addiction Describes thinking processes of addicts  Can account for individual differences – differences in life experience and personality can lead to differences in vulnerability to addiction  Cognitive processing model offers plausible explanations for relapse Rational choice theory helps explain how some addicts are able to give up Docsity.com Evaluating The Cognitive Model  Other Approaches (Biological and Learning) are also important – cognitive does not explain it all. Self –Med model doesn’t explain why many addicts have no major psychological problems to overcome.  Research relating to expectancy theory based on CONSUMPTION not addiction. Docsity.com Over to you … Add positive and negative points to your summary sheet. Points raised on the slides but not in the text book can be added on the back of your sheet. Extension – can you spot any synoptic points? Docsity.com