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Colligative Properties: Understanding the Impact of Solutes on Freezing and Boiling Points, Study notes of Chemistry

Physical ChemistryThermodynamicsSolutions

The concept of colligative properties, focusing on how the presence of solutes affects the freezing and boiling points of solutions. Topics include particle arrangement during freezing and boiling, the effect of salt on the freezing and boiling points, and the relationship between concentration, dissociation, and colligative properties. The document also covers the van hoff factor and provides formulas for calculating freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.

What you will learn

  • How does the presence of a solute affect the freezing point of a solution?
  • How does the van Hoff factor relate to the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution?
  • Why does the boiling point of a solution increase when a solute is added?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

anarghya
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Download Colligative Properties: Understanding the Impact of Solutes on Freezing and Boiling Points and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Colligative Properties 2018.notebook 1 April 09, 2018 Mar 11­4:12 PM Colligative Properties Aim: To observe and explain the affect that a solute has on colligative properties (freezing and boiling points) Mar 11­4:18 PM DO NOW • Why do you put salt in water when cooking pasta? • Why do you put rock salt down on the roads when its icy? Mar 11­4:18 PM DEMO‐ Boiling Point of Water Mar 11­4:18 PM COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES AND FREEZING POINT • In terms of particle arrangement, explain what occurs when a substances freezes. • How is the presence of salt molecules affecting the freezing process of water? • What will this do to the amount of energy that must be lost to freeze the water? • How will the salt affect the freezing point of water? • The particles move closer together as they freeze. • The salt molecules are blocking the water molecules from freezing together. • This increases the amount of potential energy that must be lost to freeze. • The freezing point decreases. Colligative Properties 2018.notebook 2 April 09, 2018 Mar 11­4:18 PM COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES AND BOILING POINT • In terms of particle arrangement, explain what occurs when a substance boils. • How are the presence of salt molecules affecting the boiling process of water? • What will this do to the amount of energy that is required to boil the water? • What will the requirement for more energy do to the boiling point? • The particles move farther apart as they vaporize. • The salt molecules are blocking the water molecules from boiling and escaping • This increases the amount of potential energy that must be absorbed to boil • The boiling point increases. Mar 11­4:18 PM Concentration, Dissocation and Colligative Properties • According to the diagrams above, which compound dissociates into ions? • Complete the dissolving equations for the compounds below. If dissociation  occurs, write the individual ions and their charges.         C6H12O6 (aq) à   NaCl (aq) à • Sodium chloride Na+ (aq) + Cl‐ (aq)C6H12O6 (aq) NO DISSOCIATION;  Covalent bonds Mar 11­4:18 PM Concentration, Dissocation and Colligative Properties Which of these compounds would cause a greater change in the boiling point or  freezing point of a substance, 1 M NaCl or 1 M C6H12O6? Explain your answer in  terms of particle quantities and concentrations. (Hint: Think about dissociation) The 1 M NaCl solution because it dissociates into ions and yields more  particles in solution to cause more interference with the water boiling or  freezing. Feb 22­10:18 AM What affects colligative properties? The addition of any solute to a solution will increase the boiling  point and decrease the freezing point. This is because the solute particles block the water molecules from  escaping as a gas when boiling and from moving together to form a  solid when freezing. As a result additional energy is required to boil (higher BP) and  additional energy must be lost to freeze (lower FP).
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