COM 2000 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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COM 2000 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The definition of communication has four critical components, what are they? - CORRECT ANSWER_1.) process 2.) transaction 3.) symbols 4.) meaning Linear model (models of communication) - CORRECT ANSWER_- Communication is unidirectional: transmitting a message to a destination (like someone throwing a ball to another person) - A "sender" creates a "message" that encodes their thoughts - The sender uses a pathway for their "message" (phone, face-to-face, text) which is the "channel" - This message goes to the "receiver" - Communication also involves "noise," aka anything that interferes with the message Keywords to remember: - sender - message - channel - receiver - noise Interactional model (models of communication) - CORRECT ANSWER_- Emphasizes the two way nature of communication between people - Communication flows both from sender to receiver, and from receiver back to sender (like two people playing catch) - "Feedback" is the response to a sender's message and is either verbal, nonverbal, or both - This model has been criticized because it focuses on only one person sending a message at a time and doesn't account for nonverbal messages Transactional model (models of communication) - CORRECT ANSWER_- Characterized by the reciprocal giving and receiving of messages (like jugglers throwing balls to one another simultaneously) - Illustrates that communicators negotiate meaning in their transaction - Both verbal and nonverbal behaviors are a part of the transactional process Holistic model (models of communication) - CORRECT ANSWER_- Illustrates the complexity of communication - Identifies important elements affecting the communication process that are not explicit in the other models Nonverbal communication - encompasses all behaviors other than spoken words (waving, smiling, frowning, etc.) Both types interact with each other: 1.) Repetition (saying 'I've tried this three times' while holding up three fingers) 2.) Emphasis (saying 'I've never been so angry' while speaking in a loud tone) 3.) Reinforcement (saying 'I'm glad to see you' while smiling) 4.) Contradiction (saying 'I'm glad to see you' while frowning) 5.) Substitution (waving hello without saying anything) Name strategies which can improve verbal and nonverbal communication. - CORRECT ANSWER_Make tentative interpretations: We acknowledge that we may not always be correct in our interpretations, so we don't accuse others of doing things Focusing on your audience: Think about the impact of your verbal and nonverbal behaviors on those with whom you interact Own your opinions: Take responsibility for what you say and recognize when you are giving a personal opinion and not a fact Identify and describe the components of the listening process. - CORRECT ANSWER_Receiving - attending to a message and focusing in on it. Be mindful of other's thoughts and reactions Responding - providing appropriate feedback to another communicator. It lets the sender know you have received and understood the message Recalling - storing a message for future encounters and remembering it later. Rating - evaluating/assessing a message. Trying to assess the extent to which a sender is biased in the presentation of a message Differentiate between hearing and listening and explain the value of listening in our personal and professional lives. - CORRECT ANSWER_Hearing - a biological activity involving receiving sound stimuli. It occurs when sound waves hit our eardrums. Hearing is involuntary Listening - Connecting with a message and striving for meaning. Processing the words of another person and creating messages in response. It is an active process Listening can be valuable in our personal lives because it can help us maintain close relationships with our family, friends, and significant others. If we are better listeners, we will be trusted by others and be able to be more open with one another. In our professional lives, listening to one another would make everyone feel included. They would feel their ideas are being clearly heard and considered. It would lessen tension in the workplace. When would time-centered be a preferred listening style? When would action-centered be preferred? - CORRECT ANSWER_Time-centered listening would be preferred when you are busy and have to catch the subway to work. You would want to listen within a short amount of time to be able to continue on with your day. Action-centered would be preferred if you are a plumber, as you would want the message to be concise, organized, and error-free. Describe how one can improve their listening skills. - CORRECT ANSWER_Active listening - reinforcing the message of the speaker. By asking questions and paraphrasing messages, we show verbal and nonverbal support, demonstrating an interest. Preparing to listen - Getting ready to listen. Putting on hearing aids or asking someone to speak louder, getting closer to another person to hear, or removing distracting technology Provide nonjudgemental feedback - If we judge, we ignore the message Respect and honor silence in communication - allows us to stay attentive Listen with empathy - identifying with the beliefs and actions of another person, showing them we value what they are saying Provide definitions of interpersonal vs. relational communication. How do they differ? - CORRECT ANSWER_Relational communication - Refers to communication occurring within the context of a developed relationship. Interpersonal communication - The process of message transaction between two people to create and sustain shared meaning. (Casual encounters between people or people that have known each other for a lifetime) Distinguish between the three types of relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER_Role relationships - Consist of relationships that facilitate tasks, consisting of people who are replaceable Interpersonal relationships - Relationships when behaviors affect one another, less replaceable and you enjoy your time with them Close relationships - Exist when you have all the qualities of the other two plus a strong sense of attachment and irreplaceability, not replaceable and have more emotional attachment