Community Health Nursing, Lecture notes of Community Health

Download Community Health Nursing and more Lecture notes Community Health in PDF only on Docsity! _ Nursing Process in the Community Nursing Process in the Community The nursing process is a systematic way of determining a client health status, isolating health concern and problems, developing the plans to remediate them, initiating actions to implement the plan, and finally evaluating the adequacy of the plan in promoting wellness and problem resolution Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community 1. COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, which means to collect and evaluate data/information about a community’s health status to discover existing or potential needs as a basis for planning. Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community cont..community Assessment - This is the process of searching for and validating relevant community based data according to a specified method, to learn about the interaction among the people, resources and environment. - Community assessment includes; Collecting pertinent community data Analyzing and interpreting the collected data. Community need assessment:- is the process of determining the real or perceived needs of a defined community of people a ol on Major Aspects of Community Assessment ( 8 Sub-System) Physical assessment Health and Social System Economics Safety and Transportation Political and Government Communication Education Recreation Major Aspects of Community = Assessment 5 Senses in Physical Assessment 2... = is listening to the community residents about the physical environment 3... - observe the climate, terrain, natural boundaries such as rivers and hills. Major Aspects of Community = Assessment 5 Senses in Physical Assessment 4. =. = hosing age, architecture, buiding materials used, signs of disrepair, running water, plumbing, sanitation, windows (glasses)..etc. Also business facilities and churches. 5. 9) = census data or planning studies forcommuntiy mapping. Major Aspects of Community _ Assessment 2. Health and Social System - Differentiate between facilities located within the community and those located outside. Hospital: number of beds, staffing, budget, health center, clinics, or health posts, public health services, private clinics, pharmacies, dental and other services. Signs of drugs or substance abuse, alcoholism. Social services include counseling and support, clothing, food, shelter and special needs as well as markets and shops. Major Aspects of Community — Assessment 5. Politics and Government - kebele, peasant association, business alliances, religious groups, youth and women’s associations, professional associations, ethical associations, political activism...etc. describe the associations’ objectives and activities. Major Aspects of Community — Assessment 6. Communication - Bulletin boards, posters, oral messages, radio, television, newspapers, postal services, telephone. Look for TV series, telephone wires, magazines, and satellite dishes. Major Aspects of Community = Assessment 7. Education - Types of schools, colleges and universities. Note languages used, grades, courses offered, percentage of attendants (male, female), adequacy, accessibility, and acceptability of education. Average number of years completed by people at school. Community Assessment Tool = (Questionnaires) 1. Location perspective: 0 Where is the community located? 0 What is the boundary? O Where is the major health institutions located? 0 What major landforms are in or near the community? 0 What geographic features offer opportunities for healthful activities? 0 What are the average temperature and precipitation? Community Assessment Tool = (Questionnaires) Cont.. Location Perspective LU What climatic features affect health and fitness (extreme temperatures)? 0 What plants and animals pose possible threats to health? 0 What are the major industries? 0 How have air, land, and water been affected by humans? 0 What is the quality of housing? 0 Do highways allow access to health institutions? Community Assessment Tool = (Questionnaires) 2. Population Perspective 0 What is the population of the communities (urban, rural)? 0 What is the density of the population per square kilometer? 0 What is the age and composition of the community? 0 What is the marital status of the community? 0 What occupations are presented in the community? In what percent? Community Assessment Tool = (Questionnaires) 3. Social System Perspective e What are the functions of each major system? e What are the major organizations in each sub-system? e Is there adequate communications among the major systems? e Does the education system offer equal educational opportunities to all children in the community? e What is the level of health promotion in the community? Community Assessment Tool — (Questionnaires) cont..Social System Perspective e Are there mechanisms for resolving conflicts? e Does any part of the total system dominate the others? e What community needs is not being met? e What recreational facilities are available? e What types of health services are available? e What health services and resources are available Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community 2. COMMUNITY ANALYSIS AND NURSING DIAGNOSIS Community Analysis Analysis is the study and examination of data. Analysis is necessary to determine community health needs and strength as well as to identify patterns of health responses and trends in health care use. Community analysis, like so many procedures we carry out, may be viewed as a process with multiple steps Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community cont..community Nursing Diagnosis Acommunity diagnosis forms the basis for community based intervention. A nursing diagnosis has three parts e Description of the problem (specific target or groups) e Identification of factors/etiology related to (r/t) the problem e The sign and symptoms (the manifestations) that characteristics of the problem. Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community Example of Community Nursing Diagnosis: 1. Inadequate ANC r/t inadequate health information or service accessibility as evidenced by 70% of female delivering at hospital with no antenatal care. 2. Poor nutritional status of under five children in the community r/t knowledge deficit regarding weaning diet as evidenced by growth monitoring chart. 3. High infant mortality r/t inadequate ANC, maternal nutrition, and unhygienic delivery practice as evidenced by IMR 75 /1000 live births. Note: r/t means = related to Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community 3. PLANNING It is a logical, decision making process of design an orderly, detailed programme of action to accomplish specific goals and objectives based on assessment of the community and the nursing diagnosis formulated Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community cont..Establishing Goal & Objectives Characteristics of good objectives (S-M-A-R-T) Specific - target specific population Measurable - when the results are stated Achievable - within the capacity of the available resources. Relevant - fits with the general police Time bound - that is achieved within specified time frame NINN Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community Activities in Planning 3. Planned Action - arespecific activities or methods of accomplishing the objectives or expected outcomes 4. Outcome Measurement - Is judging of the effectiveness of goal attainment. How and when was each objective met, why not? 5. Recording the Plan NINN Phases of Nursing Process in the = Community 4. IMPLEMENTATION - is putting the plan into actions and actually carrying out the activities delineated in the plan, either by nurse or other professionals. It is the action phase of the nursing process. - Community interventions are the therapeutic actions designed to promote and protect the community health, treat and remediate community health problems and support the community as it changes over time.