COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING, Quizzes of Nursing

Download COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING and more Quizzes Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1. Which is the primary goal of community health nursing? A. To support and supplement the efforts of the medical profession in the promotion of health and prevention of illness B. To enhance the capacity of individuals, families and communities to cope with their health needs C. To increase the productivity of the people by providing them with services that will increase their level of health D. To contribute to national development through promotion of family welfare, focusing particularly on mothers and children. Answer: (B) To enhance the capacity of individuals, families and communities to cope with their health needs To contribute to national development through promotion of family welfare, focusing particularly on mothers and children. 2. CHN is a community-based practice. Which best explains this statement? A. The service is provided in the natural environment of people. B. The nurse has to conduct community diagnosis to determine nursing needs and problems. C. The services are based on the available resources within the community. D. Priority setting is based on the magnitude of the health problems identified. Answer: (B) The nurse has to conduct community diagnosis to determine nursing needs and problems. Community-based practice means providing care to people in their own natural environments: the home, school and workplace, for example. 3. Population-focused nursing practice requires which of the following processes? A. Community organizing B. Nursing process C. Community diagnosis D. Epidemiologic process Answer: (C) Community diagnosis Population-focused nursing care means providing care based on the greater need of the majority of the population. The greater need is identified through community diagnosis. 4. R.A. 1054 is also known as the Occupational Health Act. Aside from number of employees, what other factor must be considered in determining the occupational health privileges to which the workers will be entitled? A. Type of occupation: agricultural, commercial, industrial B. Location of the workplace in relation to health facilities C. Classification of the business enterprise based on net profit D. Sex and age composition of employees Answer: (B) Location of the workplace in relation to health facilities Based on R.A. 1054, an occupational nurse must be employed when there are 30 to 100 employees and the workplace is more than 1 km. away from the nearest health center. 5. A business firm must employ an occupational health nurse when it has at least how many employees? A.21 B.101 C.201 D.301 Answer: (B) 101 Answer: (D) Public health nursing focuses on preventive, not curative, services. The catchment area in PHN consists of a residential community, many of whom are well individuals who have greater need for preventive rather than curative services. 12. According to Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of public health nursing is based on which of the following? A.Health and longevity as birthrights B. The mandate of the state to protect the birthrights of its citizens C. Public health nursing as a specialized field of nursing D. The worth and dignity of man Answer: (D) The worth and dignity of man This is a direct quote from Dr. Margaret Shetland’s statements on Public Health Nursing. 13. Which of the following is the mission of the Department of Health? A.Health for all Filipinos B. Ensure the accessibility and quality of health care C. Improve the general health status of the population D. Health in the hands of the Filipino people by the year 2020 Answer: (B) Ensure the accessibility and quality of health care (none) 14. Region IV Hospital is classified as what level of facility? A.Primary B.Secondary C.Intermediate D.Tertiary Answer: (D) Tertiary Regional hospitals are tertiary facilities because they serve as training hospitals for the region. 15. Which is true of primary facilities? A.They are usually government-run. B.Their services are provided on an out-patient basis. C.They are training facilities for health professionals. D.A community hospital is an example of this level of health facilities. Answer: (B) Their services are provided on an out-patient basis. Primary facilities government and non-government facilities that provide basic out-patient services. 16. Which is an example of the school nurse’s health care provider functions? A.Requesting for BCG from the RHU for school entrant immunization B.Conducting random classroom inspection during a measles epidemic C.Taking remedial action on an accident hazard in the school playground D.Observing places in the school where pupils spend their free time Answer: (B) Conducting random classroom inspection during a measles epidemic Random classroom inspection is assessment of pupils/students and teachers for signs of a health problem prevalent in the community. 17. When the nurse determines whether resources were maximized in implementing Ligtas Tigdas, she is evaluating A.Effectiveness B.Efficiency C.Adequacy D.Appropriateness Answer: (B) Efficiency Efficiency is determining whether the goals were attained at the least possible cost. 18. You are a new B.S.N. graduate. You want to become a Public Health Nurse. Where will you apply? A.Department of Health B.Provincial Health Office C.Regional Health Office D.Rural Health Unit Answer: (D) Rural Health Unit R.A. 7160 devolved basic health services to local government units (LGU’s ). The public health nurse is an employee of the LGU. 19. R.A. 7160 mandates devolution of basic services from the national government to local government units. Which of the following is the major goal of devolution? A. To strengthen local government units B. To allow greater autonomy to local government units C. To empower the people and promote their self-reliance D. To make basic services more accessible to the people Answer: (C) To empower the people and promote their self-reliance People empowerment is the basic motivation behind devolution of basic services to LGU’s. 20. Who is the Chairman of the Municipal Health Board? A.Mayor B.Municipal Health Officer C.Public Health Nurse D.Any qualified physician Answer: (A) Mayor The local executive serves as the chairman of the Municipal Health Board. C.R.A. 1054 D.R.A. 1082 Answer: (A) Act 3573 Act 3573, the Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases, enacted in 1929, mandated the reporting of diseases listed in the law to the nearest health station. 27. According to Freeman and Heinrich, community health nursing is a developmental service. Which of the following best illustrates this statement? A. The community health nurse continuously develops himself personally and professionally. B. Health education and community organizing are necessary in providing community health services. C. Community health nursing is intended primarily for health promotion and prevention and treatment of disease. D. The goal of community health nursing is to provide nursing services to people in their own places of residence. Answer: (B) Health education and community organizing are necessary in providing community health services. The community health nurse develops the health capability of people through health education and community organizing activities. 28. Which disease was declared through Presidential Proclamation No. 4 as a target for eradication in the Philippines? A.Poliomyelitis B.Measles C.Rabies D.Neonatal tetanus Answer: (B) Measles Presidential Proclamation No. 4 is on the Ligtas Tigdas Program. 29. The public health nurse is responsible for presenting the municipal health statistics using graphs and tables. To compare the frequency of the leading causes of mortality in the municipality, which graph will you prepare? A.Line B.Bar C.Pie D.Scatter diagram Answer: (B) Bar A bar graph is used to present comparison of values, a line graph for trends over time or age, a pie graph for population composition or distribution, and a scatter diagram for correlation of two variables. 30. Which step in community organizing involves training of potential leaders in the community? A.Integration B.Community organization C.Community study D.Core group formation Answer: (D) Core group formation In core group formation, the nurse is able to transfer the technology of community organizing to the potential or informal community leaders through a training program. 31. In which step are plans formulated for solving community problems? A. Mobilization B. Community organization C. Follow-up/extension D. Core group formation Answer: (B) Community organization Community organization is the step when community assemblies take place. During the community assembly, the people may opt to formalize the community organization and make plans for community action to resolve a community health problem. 32. The public health nurse takes an active role in community participation. What is the primary goal of community organizing? A. To educate the people regarding community health problems B. To mobilize the people to resolve community health problems C. To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems D. To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems Answer: (D) To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems Community organizing is a developmental service, with the goal of developing the people’s self- reliance in dealing with community health problems. A, B and C are objectives of contributory objectives to this goal. 33. An indicator of success in community organizing is when people are able to A. Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem B. Implement activities for the solution of the community problem C. Plan activities for the solution of the community problem D. Identify the health problem as a common concern Answer: (A) Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem Participation in community activities in resolving a community problem may be in any of the processes mentioned in the other choices. 34. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease? A. Pre-pathogenesis B. Pathogenesis C. Prodromal D. Terminal Answer: (D) Terminal Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation, prevention of permanent disability and disability limitation appropriate for convalescents, the disabled, complicated cases and the terminally ill (those in the terminal stage of a disease) 35. Isolation of a child with measles belongs to what level of prevention? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Intermediate D. Tertiary The home visit plan should be flexible and practical, depending on factors, such as the family’s needs and the resources available to the nurse and the family. 42. The PHN bag is an important tool in providing nursing care during a home visit. The most important principle of bag technique states that it A. Should save time and effort. B. Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection. C. Should not overshadow concern for the patient and his family. D. May be done in a variety of ways depending on the home situation, etc. Answer: (B) Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection. Bag technique is performed before and after handling a client in the home to prevent transmission of infection to and from the client. 43. To maintain the cleanliness of the bag and its contents, which of the following must the nurse do? A. Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members. B. In the care of family members, as much as possible, use only articles taken from the bag. C. Put on an apron to protect her uniform and fold it with the right side out before putting it back into the bag. D. At the end of the visit, fold the lining on which the bag was placed, ensuring that the contaminated side is on the outside. Answer: (A) Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members. Choice B goes against the idea of utilizing the family’s resources, which is encouraged in CHN. Choices C and D goes against the principle of asepsis of confining the contaminated surface of objects. 44. The public health nurse conducts a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart disease in the municipality where she works. Which branch of epidemiology does the nurse practice in this situation? A. Descriptive B. Analytical C. Therapeutic D. Evaluation Answer: (B) Analytical Analytical epidemiology is the study of factors or determinants affecting the patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in a community. 45. Which of the following is a function of epidemiology? A. Identifying the disease condition based on manifestations presented by a client B. Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3 year old C. Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3 year old client with pneumonia D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Answer: (D) Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Epidemiology is used in the assessment of a community or evaluation of interventions in community health practice. 46. Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic? A. Conducting assessment of suspected cases to detect the communicable disease B. Monitoring the condition of the cases affected by the communicable disease C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic D.Teaching the community on preventive measures against the disease Answer: (C) Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic Epidemiology is the study of patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in the community, as well as the factors that affect disease patterns. The purpose of an epidemiologic investigation is to identify the source of an epidemic, i.e., what brought about the epidemic. 47. The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to A.Delineate the etiology of the epidemic B.Encourage cooperation and support of the community C.Identify groups who are at risk of contracting the disease D.Identify geographical location of cases of the disease in the community Answer: (A) Delineate the etiology of the epidemic Delineating the etiology of an epidemic is identifying its source. 48. Which is a characteristic of person-to-person propagated epidemics? A. There are more cases of the disease than expected. B. The disease must necessarily be transmitted through a vector. C. The spread of the disease can be attributed to a common vehicle. D. There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable. Answer: (D) There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable. A gradual or insidious onset of the epidemic is usually observable in person-to-person propagated epidemics. 49. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation? A. Establishing the epidemic B. Testing the hypothesis C. Formulation of the hypothesis D. Appraisal of facts Answer: (D) Lagundi Sambong is used as a diuretic. Tsaang gubat is used to relieve diarrhea. Akapulko is used for its antifungal property. 56. What law created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care? A.R.A. 8423 B.R.A. 4823 C.R.A. 2483 D.R.A. 3482 Answer: (A) R.A. 8423 (none) 57. In traditional Chinese medicine, the yielding, negative and feminine force is termed A. Yin B. Yang C. Qi D. Chai Answer: (A) Yin Yang is the male dominating, positive and masculine force. 58. What is the legal basis for Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines? A. Alma Ata Declaration on PHC B. Letter of Instruction No. 949 C. Presidential Decree No. 147 D. Presidential Decree 996 Answer: (B) Letter of Instruction No. 949 Letter of Instruction 949 was issued by then President Ferdinand Marcos, directing the formerly called Ministry of Health, now the Department of Health, to utilize Primary Health Care approach in planning and implementing health programs. 59. Which of the following demonstrates intersectoral linkages? A. Two-way referral system B. Team approach C. Endorsement done by a midwife to another midwife D. Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher Answer: (D) Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher Intersectoral linkages refer to working relationships between the health sector and other sectors involved in community development. 60. The municipality assigned to you has a population of about 20,000. Estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who will be given Retinol capsule 200,000 I.U. every 6 months. A. 1,500 B. 1,800 C. 2,000 D. 2,300 Answer: (D) 2,300 Based on the Philippine population composition, to estimate the number of 1-4 year old children, multiply total population by 11.5%. 61. Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500. A.265 B.300 C.375 D.400 Answer: (A) 265 To estimate the number of pregnant women, multiply the total population by 3.5%. 62. To describe the sex composition of the population, which demographic tool may be used? A. Sex ratio B. Sex proportion C. Population pyramid D. Any of these may be used. Answer: (D) Any of these may be used. Sex ratio and sex proportion are used to determine the sex composition of a population. A population pyramid is used to present the composition of a population by age and sex. 63. Which of the following is a natality rate? A.Crude birth rate B. Neonatal mortality rate C. Infant mortality rate D. General fertility rate Answer: (A) Crude birth rate Natality means birth. A natality rate is a birth rate. A. Estimated midyear population B. Number of registered live births C. Number of pregnancies in the year D. Number of females of reproductive age Answer: (B) Number of registered live births To compute for general or total fertility rate, divide the number of registered live births by the number of females of reproductive age (15-45 years), then multiply by 1,000. 70. You will gather data for nutritional assessment of a purok. You will gather information only from families with members who belong to the target population for PEM. What method of data gathering is best for this purpose? A. Census B. Survey C. Record review D. Review of civil registry Answer: (B) Survey A survey, also called sample survey, is data gathering about a sample of the population. 71. In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the actual physical location of the people is termed A. De jure B. De locus C. De facto D. De novo Answer: (C) De facto The other method of population assignment, de jure, is based on the usual place of residence of the people. 72. The Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS) is the recording and reporting system in public health care in the Philippines. The Monthly Field Health Service Activity Report is a form used in which of the components of the FHSIS? A. Tally report B. Output report C. Target/client list D. Individual health record Answer: (A) Tally report A tally report is prepared monthly or quarterly by the RHU personnel and transmitted to the Provincial Health Office. 73. To monitor clients registered in long-term regimens, such as the Multi-Drug Therapy, which component will be most useful? A. Tally report B. Output report C. Target/client list D. Individual health record Answer: (C) Target/client list The MDT Client List is a record of clients enrolled in MDT and other relevant data, such as dates when clients collected their monthly supply of drugs. 74. Civil registries are important sources of data. Which law requires registration of births within 30 days from the occurrence of the birth? A.P.D. 651 B. Act 3573 C.R.A. 3753 D.R.A. 3375 Answer: (A) P.D. 651 P.D. 651 amended R.A. 3753, requiring the registry of births within 30 days from their occurrence. 75. Which of the following professionals can sign the birth certificate? A. Public health nurse B. Rural health midwife C. Municipal health officer D. Any of these health professionals Answer: (D) Any of these health professionals D. R.A. 3753 states that any birth attendant may sign the certificate of live birth. 76. Which criterion in priority setting of health problems is used only in community health care? A. Modifiability of the problem B. Nature of the problem presented A. Her OB score is G5P3. B. She has some palmar pallor. C. Her blood pressure is 130/80. D. Her baby is in cephalic presentation. Answer: (A) Her OB score is G5P3. Only women with less than 5 pregnancies are qualified for a home delivery. It is also advisable for a primigravida to have delivery at a childbirth facility. 82. Inadequate intake by the pregnant woman of which vitamin may cause neural tube defects? A. Niacin B. Riboflavin C. Folic acid D. Thiamine Answer: (C) Folic acid It is estimated that the incidence of neural tube defects can be reduced drastically if pregnant women have an adequate intake of folic acid. 83. You are in a client’s home to attend to a delivery. Which of the following will you do first? A. Set up the sterile area. B. Put on a clean gown or apron. C. Cleanse the client’s vulva with soap and water. D. Note the interval, duration and intensity of labor contractions. Answer: (D) Note the interval, duration and intensity of labor contractions. Assessment of the woman should be done first to determine whether she is having true labor and, if so, what stage of labor she is in. 84. In preparing a primigravida for breastfeeding, which of the following will you do? A. Tell her that lactation begins within a day after delivery. B. Teach her nipple stretching exercises if her nipples are everted. C. Instruct her to wash her nipples before and after each breastfeeding. D. Explain to her that putting the baby to breast will lessen blood loss after delivery. Answer: (D) Explain to her that putting the baby to breast will lessen blood loss after delivery. Suckling of the nipple stimulates the release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland, which causes uterine contraction. Lactation begins 1 to 3 days after delivery. Nipple stretching exercises are done when the nipples are flat or inverted. Frequent washing dries up the nipples, making them prone to the formation of fissures. 85. A primigravida is instructed to offer her breast to the baby for the first time within 30 minutes after delivery. What is the purpose of offering the breast this early? A. To initiate the occurrence of milk letdown B. To stimulate milk production by the mammary acini C. To make sure that the baby is able to get the colostrum D. To allow the woman to practice breastfeeding in the presence of the health worker Answer: (B) To stimulate milk production by the mammary acini Suckling of the nipple stimulates prolactin reflex (the release of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland), which initiates lactation. 86. In a mothers’ class, you discuss proper breastfeeding technique. Which is of these is a sign that the baby has “latched on” to the breast properly? A. The baby takes shallow, rapid sucks. B. The mother does not feel nipple pain. C. The baby’s mouth is only partly open. D. Only the mother’s nipple is inside the baby’s mouth. Answer: (B) The mother does not feel nipple pain. When the baby has properly latched on to the breast, he takes deep, slow sucks; his mouth is wide open; and much of the areola is inside his mouth. And, you’re right! The mother does not feel nipple pain. 87. You explain to a breastfeeding mother that breast milk is sufficient for all of the baby’s nutrient needs only up to A.3 months B.6 months C.1 year D.2 years Answer: (B) 6 months After 6 months, the baby’s nutrient needs, especially the baby’s iron requirement, can no longer be provided by mother’s milk alone. 88. What is given to a woman within a month after the delivery of a baby? A. Malunggay capsule B. Ferrous sulfate 100 mg. OD C. Retinol 200,000 I.U., 1 capsule D. Potassium iodate 200 mg, 1 capsule Answer: (C) Retinol 200,000 I.U., 1 capsule C. Infant BCG D. Hepatitis B vaccine 1 Answer: (C) Infant BCG Infant BCG may be given at birth. All the other immunizations mentioned can be given at 6 weeks of age. 94. You will not give DPT 2 if the mother says that the infant had A. Seizures a day after DPT 1. B. Fever for 3 days after DPT 1. C. Abscess formation after DPT 1. D. Local tenderness for 3 days after DPT 1. Answer: (A) Seizures a day after DPT 1. Seizures within 3 days after administration of DPT is an indication of hypersensitivity to pertussis vaccine, a component of DPT. This is considered a specific contraindication to subsequent doses of DPT. 95. A 2-month old infant was brought to the health center for immunization. During assessment, the infant’s temperature registered at 38.1°C. Which is the best course of action that you will take? A. Go on with the infant’s immunizations. B. Give Paracetamol and wait for his fever to subside. C. Refer the infant to the physician for further assessment. D. Advise the infant’s mother to bring him back for immunization when he is well. Answer: (A) Go on with the infant’s immunizations. In the EPI, fever up to 38.5°C is not a contraindication to immunization. Mild acute respiratory tract infection, simple diarrhea and malnutrition are not contraindications either. 96. A pregnant woman had just received her 4th dose of tetanus toxoid. Subsequently, her baby will have protection against tetanus for how long? A. 1 year B. 3 years C. 10 years D. Lifetime Answer: (A) 1 year The baby will have passive natural immunity by placental transfer of antibodies. The mother will have active artificial immunity lasting for about 10 years. 5 doses will give the mother lifetime protection. 97. A 4-month old infant was brought to the health center because of cough. Her respiratory rate is 42/minute. Using the Integrated Management of Child Illness (IMCI) guidelines of assessment, her breathing is considered A. Fast B. Slow C. Normal D. Insignificant Answer: (C) Normal In IMCI, a respiratory rate of 50/minute or more is fast breathing for an infant aged 2 to 12 months. 98. Which of the following signs will indicate that a young child is suffering from severe pneumonia? A. Dyspnea B. Wheezing C. Fast breathing D. Chest indrawing Answer: (D) Chest indrawing In IMCI, chest indrawing is used as the positive sign of dyspnea, indicating severe pneumonia. 99. Using IMCI guidelines, you classify a child as having severe pneumonia. What is the best management for the child? A. Prescribe an antibiotic. B. Refer him urgently to the hospital. C. Instruct the mother to increase fluid intake. D. Instruct the mother to continue breastfeeding. Answer: (B) Refer him urgently to the hospital. Severe pneumonia requires urgent referral to a hospital. Answers A, C and D are done for a client classified as having pneumonia. 100. A 5-month old infant was brought by his mother to the health center because of diarrhea occurring 4 to 5 times a day. His skin goes back slowly after a skin pinch and his eyes are sunken. Using the IMCI guidelines, you will classify this infant in which category? A. No signs of dehydration B. Some dehydration C. Severe dehydration D. The data is insufficient. Answer: (B) Some dehydration Using the assessment guidelines of IMCI, a child (2 months to 5 years old) with diarrhea is classified as having SOME DEHYDRATION if he shows 2 or more of the following signs: restless or irritable, sunken eyes, the skin goes back slow after a skin pinch. 106. To prevent xerophthalmia, young children are given Retinol capsule every 6 months. What is the dose given to preschoolers? A.10,000 IU B.20,000 IU C.100,000 IU D.200,000 IU Answer: (D) 200,000 IU Preschoolers are given Retinol 200,000 IU every 6 months. 100,000 IU is given once to infants aged 6 to 12 months. The dose for pregnant women is 10,000 IU. 107. The major sign of iron deficiency anemia is pallor. What part is best examined for pallor? A. Palms B. Nailbeds C. Around the lips D. Lower conjunctival sac Answer: (A) Palms The anatomic characteristics of the palms allow a reliable and convenient basis for examination for pallor. 108. Food fortification is one of the strategies to prevent micronutrient deficiency conditions. R.A. 8976 mandates fortification of certain food items. Which of the following is among these food items? A. Sugar B. Bread C. Margarine D. Filled milk Answer: (A) Sugar R.A. 8976 mandates fortification of rice, wheat flour, sugar and cooking oil with Vitamin A, iron and/or iodine. 109. What is the best course of action when there is a measles epidemic in a nearby municipality? A. Give measles vaccine to babies aged 6 to 8 months. B. Give babies aged 6 to 11 months one dose of 100,000 I.U. of Retinol C. Instruct mothers to keep their babies at home to prevent disease transmission. D. Instruct mothers to feed their babies adequately to enhance their babies’ resistance. Answer: (A) Give measles vaccine to babies aged 6 to 8 months. Ordinarily, measles vaccine is given at 9 months of age. During an impending epidemic, however, one dose may be given to babies aged 6 to 8 months. The mother is instructed that the baby needs another dose when the baby is 9 months old. 110. A mother brought her daughter, 4 years old, to the RHU because of cough and colds. Following the IMCI assessment guide, which of the following is a danger sign that indicates the need for urgent referral to a hospital? A. Inability to drink B. High grade fever C. Signs of severe dehydration D. Cough for more than 30 days Answer: (A) Inability to drink A sick child aged 2 months to 5 years must be referred urgently to a hospital if he/she has one or more of the following signs: not able to feed or drink, vomits everything, convulsions, abnormally sleepy or difficult to awaken. 111. Management of a child with measles includes the administration of which of the following? A. Gentian violet on mouth lesions B. Antibiotics to prevent pneumonia C. Tetracycline eye ointment for corneal opacity D. Retinol capsule regardless of when the last dose was given Answer: (D) Retinol capsule regardless of when the last dose was given An infant 6 to 12 months classified as a case of measles is given Retinol 100,000 IU; a child is given 200,000 IU regardless of when the last dose was given. 112. A mother brought her 10 month old infant for consultation because of fever, which started 4 days prior to consultation. To determine malaria risk, what will you do? A. Do a tourniquet test. B. Ask where the family resides. C. Get a specimen for blood smear. D. Ask if the fever is present everyday. Answer: (B) Ask where the family resides. Because malaria is endemic, the first question to determine malaria risk is where the client’s family resides. If the area of residence is not a known endemic area, ask if the child had traveled within the past 6 months, where he/she was brought and whether he/she stayed overnight in that area. 113. The following are strategies implemented by the Department of Health to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Which of these is most effective in the control of Dengue fever? A. Stream seeding with larva-eating fish B. Destroying breeding places of mosquitoes D. Having a target list to check on whether the patient has collected his monthly supply of drugs Answer: (B) Having the health worker or a responsible family member monitor drug intake Directly Observed Treatment Short Course is so-called because a treatment partner, preferably a health worker accessible to the client, monitors the client’s compliance to the treatment. 119. Diagnosis of leprosy is highly dependent on recognition of symptoms. Which of the following is an early sign of leprosy? A. Macular lesions B. Inability to close eyelids C. Thickened painful nerves D. Sinking of the nosebridge Answer: (C) Thickened painful nerves The lesion of leprosy is not macular. It is characterized by a change in skin color (either reddish or whitish) and loss of sensation, sweating and hair growth over the lesion. Inability to close the eyelids (lagophthalmos) and sinking of the nosebridge are late symptoms. 120. Which of the following clients should be classified as a case of multibacillary leprosy? A.3 skin lesions, negative slit skin smear B.3 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear C.5 skin lesions, negative slit skin smear D.5 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear Answer: (D) 5 skin lesions, positive slit skin smear A multibacillary leprosy case is one who has a positive slit skin smear and at least 5 skin lesions. 121. In the Philippines, which condition is the most frequent cause of death associated with schistosomiasis? A. Liver cancer B. Liver cirrhosis C. Bladder cancer D. Intestinal perforation Answer: (B) Liver cirrhosis The etiologic agent of schistosomiasis in the Philippines is Schistosoma japonicum, which affects the small intestine and the liver. Liver damage is a consequence of fibrotic reactions to schistosoma eggs in the liver. 122. What is the most effective way of controlling schistosomiasis in an endemic area? A. Use of molluscicides B. Building of foot bridges C. Proper use of sanitary toilets D. Use of protective footwear, such as rubber boots Answer: (C) Proper use of sanitary toilets The ova of the parasite get out of the human body together with feces. Cutting the cycle at this stage is the most effective way of preventing the spread of the disease to susceptible hosts. 123. When residents obtain water from an artesian well in the neighborhood, the level of this approved type of water facility is A.I B.II C.III D.IV Answer: (B) II A communal faucet or water standpost is classified as Level II. 124. For prevention of hepatitis A, you decided to conduct health education activities. Which of the following is IRRELEVANT? A. Use of sterile syringes and needles B. Safe food preparation and food handling by vendors C. Proper disposal of human excreta and personal hygiene D. Immediate reporting of water pipe leaks and illegal water connections Answer: (A) Use of sterile syringes and needles Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal oral route. Hepatitis B is transmitted through infected body secretions like blood and semen. 126. Which biological used in Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) should NOT be stored in the freezer? A.DPT B. Oral polio vaccine C. Measles vaccine D.MMR Answer: (A) DPT DPT is sensitive to freezing. The appropriate storage temperature of DPT is 2 to 8° C only. OPV and measles vaccine are highly sensitive to heat and require freezing. MMR is not an immunization in the Expanded Program on Immunization. 127. You will conduct outreach immunization in a barangay with a population of about 1500. Estimate the number of infants in the barangay. A.45 B.50 C.55 D.60 Answer: (A) 45 To estimate the number of infants, multiply total population by 3%. 133. Among children aged 2 months to 3 years, the most prevalent form of meningitis is caused by which microorganism? A. Hemophilus influenzae B. Morbillivirus C. Steptococcus pneumoniae D.Neisseria meningitidis Answer: (A) Hemophilus influenzae Hemophilus meningitis is unusual over the age of 5 years. In developing countries, the peak incidence is in children less than 6 months of age. Morbillivirus is the etiology of measles. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis may cause meningitis, but age distribution is not specific in young children. 134. Human beings are the major reservoir of malaria. Which of the following strategies in malaria control is based on this fact? A. Stream seeding B. Stream clearing C. Destruction of breeding places D. Zooprophylaxis Answer: (D) Zooprophylaxis Zooprophylaxis is done by putting animals like cattle or dogs close to windows or doorways just before nightfall. The Anopheles mosquito takes his blood meal from the animal and goes back to its breeding place, thereby preventing infection of humans. 135. The use of larvivorous fish in malaria control is the basis for which strategy of malaria control? A. Stream seeding B. Stream clearing C. Destruction of breeding places D. Zooprophylaxis Answer: (A) Stream seeding Stream seeding is done by putting tilapia fry in streams or other bodies of water identified as breeding places of the Anopheles mosquito 136. Mosquito-borne diseases are prevented mostly with the use of mosquito control measures. Which of the following is NOT appropriate for malaria control? A. Use of chemically treated mosquito nets B. Seeding of breeding places with larva-eating fish C. Destruction of breeding places of the mosquito vector D. Use of mosquito-repelling soaps, such as those with basil or citronella Answer: (C) Destruction of breeding places of the mosquito vector Anopheles mosquitoes breed in slow-moving, clear water, such as mountain streams. 137. A 4-year old client was brought to the health center with the chief complaint of severe diarrhea and the passage of “rice water” stools. The client is most probably suffering from which condition? A. Giardiasis B. Cholera C. Amebiasis D. Dysentery Answer: (B) Cholera Passage of profuse watery stools is the major symptom of cholera. Both amebic and bacillary dysentery are characterized by the presence of blood and/or mucus in the stools. Giardiasis is characterized by fat malabsorption and, therefore, steatorrhea. 138. In the Philippines, which specie of schistosoma is endemic in certain regions? A.S. mansoni B.S. japonicum C.S. malayensis D.S. haematobium Answer: (B) S. japonicum S. mansoni is found mostly in Africa and South America; S. haematobium in Africa and the Middle East; and S. malayensis only in peninsular Malaysia. 139. A 32-year old client came for consultation at the health center with the chief complaint of fever for a week. Accompanying symptoms were muscle pains and body malaise. A week after the start of fever, the client noted yellowish discoloration of his sclera. History showed that he waded in flood waters about 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. Based on his history, which disease condition will you suspect? A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis B C. Tetanus D. Leptospirosis Answer: (D) Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with the skin or mucous membrane with water or moist soil contaminated with urine of infected animals, like rats. 140. MWSS provides water to Manila and other cities in Metro Manila. This is an example of which level of water facility? A.I B.II C.III D.IV Answer: (C) III Waterworks systems, such as MWSS, are classified as level III. Answer: (D) They are able to bring about a cure of the disease condition. There is no known treatment for AIDS. Antiretroviral agents reduce the risk of opportunistic infections and prolong life, but does not cure the underlying immunodeficiency. 146. A barangay had an outbreak of German measles. To prevent congenital rubella, what is the BEST advice that you can give to women in the first trimester of pregnancy in the barangay? A. Advice them on the signs of German measles. B. Avoid crowded places, such as markets and moviehouses. C. Consult at the health center where rubella vaccine may be given. D. Consult a physician who may give them rubella immunoglobulin. Answer: (D) Consult a physician who may give them rubella immunoglobulin. Rubella vaccine is made up of attenuated German measles viruses. This is contraindicated in pregnancy. Immune globulin, a specific prophylactic against German measles, may be given to pregnant women. 147. You were invited to be the resource person in a training class for food handlers. Which of the following would you emphasize regarding prevention of staphylococcal food poisoning? A. All cooking and eating utensils must be thoroughly washed. B. Food must be cooked properly to destroy staphylococcal microorganisms. C. Food handlers and food servers must have a negative stool examination result. D. Proper handwashing during food preparation is the best way of preventing the condition. Answer: (D) Proper handwashing during food preparation is the best way of preventing the condition. Symptoms of this food poisoning are due to staphylococcal enterotoxin, not the microorganisms themselves. Contamination is by food handling by persons with staphylococcal skin or eye infections. 148. In a mothers’ class, you discussed childhood diseases such as chicken pox. Which of the following statements about chicken pox is correct? A. The older one gets, the more susceptible he becomes to the complications of chicken pox. B. A single attack of chicken pox will prevent future episodes, including conditions such as shingles. C. To prevent an outbreak in the community, quarantine may be imposed by health authorities. D. Chicken pox vaccine is best given when there is an impending outbreak in the community. Answer: (A) The older one gets, the more susceptible he becomes to the complications of chicken pox. Chicken pox is usually more severe in adults than in children. Complications, such as pneumonia, are higher in incidence in adults. 149. Complications to infectious parotitis (mumps) may be serious in which type of clients? A. Pregnant women B. Elderly clients C. Young adult males D. Young infants Answer: (C) Young adult males Epididymitis and orchitis are possible complications of mumps. In post-adolescent males, bilateral inflammation of the testes and epididymis may cause sterility.