Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum Western Governors University, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nursing

Download Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum Western Governors University and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum “Running Head” Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum Western Governors University Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum A. Problem Description North Carolina places 35th in the National Health Status with 1st place being the healthiest rated state. North Carolina has 100 counties and out of those counties, Burke County is ranked 76th in overall health. There is greater than 600,000 deaths per year that heart disease is contributing to in the United States. Heart Disease will be the primary topic and discussed in detail with the focus being prevention of this deadly disease (Vaughan, 2015). Heart disease consist of heart failure, coronary heart disease, and other types of heart diseases. In North Carolina, heart disease contributes to 22 percent of the total deaths. Heart disease is also the leading cause of death worldwide for both men and women (Herrick & Luken, 2011). When viewing literature, men’s death rates are much higher in heart disease than women when comparing all age groups. Men are also more prone to die at a younger age than women due to heart disease. Heart disease accounts for 31.3 percent of deaths in men younger than 65 years old. The mortality rate is 39% higher for men in Burke County. Racial disparities does exist in NC involving heart disease mortality. Equality in death rates between Whites and African Americans has existed over time. In Burke County, African Americans are more likely to die at a younger age due to heart disease, than Whites. Burke County isn’t alone, this also includes North Carolina as a whole. African Americans have a 5% higher mortality rate because of heart disease than White males in Burke County. Risk factor for heart disease: • 65 years or older • Male gender • Family history • African American race • Tobacco use • High blood pressure • High cholesterol Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 2 • Obesity • Physical inactivity • Diabetes Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 5 With this group comes a rise in health problems, especially chronic diseases. There is a noted increase in death and medical care cost. Leading the list of chronic diseases is heart disease. Just in 2009 alone, there were more than 160,000 hospital stays and over $5.2 billion in hospital bills (N.C. DHHS). Health disparities are a result of inherent, avoidable and biased social and economic policies and practices that produce obstacles to opportunity. Differences in distinct segments of populations occur by gender, ethnicity or race, income or education, disability, or the different geographic neighborhoods. These differences in population provides abundant evidence that education, employment status, amount of income, gender and ethnicity has a pronounced influence on the health these residents. The evidence shows that individuals with a lower socio-economic class is at a higher risk of having poor health. Recognition of inequities in health outcomes between different racial and ethnic groups is one step to this health campaign. Minority groups experience notably more severe health problems, such as higher rates of morbidity and mortality, especially African Americans than the White majority (N.C. DHHS). Health disparities have existed for years in Burke County. After looking at poverty, income and education, there is a clear point to make regarding health inequity or health disparity. From 2000 to 2010 the percent of poverty in Burke County increased by 81.6%. White residents increased by 80%. African Americans increased 125% during this period (Welsh, 2012). Recognizing the history of health disparities with African-Americans and other minorities in the United States, health care professionals, must take some level of responsibility in communicating with these individuals. It is essential that health care professionals demonstrates a sense of cultural awareness when reaching out to underserved patients. There are limited educational opportunities, limited access to healthcare, and affordability. Our demographics shape who we are, how we feel, learn, our exposure to certain views of life, our privileges and the inequalities that may surface. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 6 Our demographics affects all aspects of our life, even communication patterns, whether we are old or young, rich or poor, or of a particular culture. Communication is very important to our health. Many cultures may not understand how important communication is and how it affects one’s growth, development and the actual ability to understand health issues that one may face. Minorities are recognized as a group that health disparities is a result of low health literacy and socio-economic status. Higher poverty results in higher death rates and more health problems than people with a higher socio-economic position. African Americans along with other minorities and underserved have a greater percentage of being uninsured. They do not seek medical treatment usually until typically much later in their illness which is more dangerous and costly. The healthcare community in Burke County recognizes that half of the deaths reported are preventable. The leading causes of preventable deaths result from lifestyles and risky behaviors. Minorities with lower income and with less education are more likely to smoke, be obese and are physically inactive. A picture of a healthy lifestyle consist of a tobacco-free environment, being physically active and must make healthy food choices. These lifestyle changes with greatly reduce a population’s risk of developing heart disease. When these choices are made, blood pressure and high cholesterol will be controlled which plays a huge role in heart disease. Money and education goes hand in hand with receiving proper health care. The lack of a decent education or good job, one cannot afford health care. Bottom-line is that health is compromised by poverty and education level which result in the population group being medically underserved (Blue Ridge Healthcare, 2013). The target population is the medically underserved. The healthcare resources in Burke County are extensive and the community is committed to provide resources to the medically underserved, whether they have the ability to pay or not. The healthcare community has partnership with a solid network of community based non-profit health and human service groups. By collaborating with the providers and community, a strong safety net and atmosphere has increased greatly (Blue Ridge Healthcare, 2013). Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 7 The availability of physicians and convenience of hospitals pose a unique problem to minorities in Burke County. Major clinical service lines have been made available throughout the county. Freestanding Urgent care centers are open for extended hours and 7 days a week. The healthcare system in Burke County provides the population with access to specialty care not available locally. The community mission is caring for the uninsured and medically underserved. 85% of the freestanding clinics serve residents in the age group of 30-64 (Blue Ridge Healthcare, 2013). Burke Health Solutions is a community planning group that is funded mostly by a grant from the Duke Endowment that is looking at the medical delivery systems for the low-income medically uninsured. The members include school administrators, Blue Ridge Health Care, Parks and Recreation, Good Samaritan Free Clinic, Western Piedmont Community College and County Health and Social Services Departments to name a few. There is a total of 21 members currently (Vue, Dec, 2013). Access to affordable healthcare and educating the medically underserved to prevention of chronic disease will reduce factors that lead to the diseases. Just education on high risk behaviors will reduce the risk of developing the diseases. Stressing a healthy lifestyle by explaining the benefits of exercise, cessation of smoking, decrease alcohol intake and a healthy diet. Making available resources, support, education is vital to all people in the community including the homeless, minorities and underprivileged. In Burke County the largest cause of morbidity and mortality is poor nutrition and this can be contributed to lack of education and resources. They tend to neglect health and rarely seek medical attention until there is a major medical concern (Vue, Dec, 2013). The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) also issued: A Nurse’s Guide to the Use of Social Media in 2011.Included is practical guidelines for governing the appropriate use of social media in the health care environment by nurses. Best practices include but not limited to the following: • Credible content, being accurate, consistent and science-based • Federal and State privacy laws are followed • Follow copyright laws • Comply with licensure in the State • No requests for patients to join your network • Ensure personal information is secure • Always be respectful • Identify appropriate credentials and establish representing employer Best practices include clearly defining objectives, identifying the target audience, determine the resources needed, keep the content messages short and simple, determine posting schedule, determine ways to engage audience and review metrics to determine if objectives are being met. Communication should not exceed an 8th grade reading level. Provide addition links to other web pages that will informative for the target audience. Implement policies that covers inappropriate or derogatory comments or remarks made on the sites. Over the years, the internet has changed people’s relationships. Although doctors, nurses and other health professionals continue to be the first choice for most people with health concerns, online sources, including advice from peers, are a significant source of health information in the US. The internet and social networking sites allow a medium for connection between individuals that is quicker and reach more than other known media. The social life of health information is dynamic. The stimulus that appear to be driving online health conversations: 1) the convenience of social media tools and 2) the escalated desire and increased activity, particularly among people living with chronic conditions or diseases, to connect and converse with each other. (Fox, S. 2011). Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 10 CDC suggest to start with some low risk social medial projects that requires fewer resources, then add additional resources, the skilled professionals and leadership support. The CDC list their top lessons learned from using social media in the past four years. • They recommend to be strategic and to understand that entering social media requires commitment. The commitment is that once you start a social media project, to stay focused because you are devoting a significant amount of time. There is a noted difference in the resources required in starting a social media project verses the traditional communication avenues. • Get familiar with the social media sites. Find out what sites are popular, follow where the people are, where they are going and where they have been. Review statistics and the demographics. Know what sites target specific groups, such as moms, physicians, men, racial and ethnic groups and community businesses. • Start low, then climb the ladder of the top media sites. Alternatives such as widgets, videos and podcasts are easily attainable and is an avenue from partner sites and can be posted on your website. • Research must be a top priority because the information you want to send to your readers must be accurate, science-based and consistent. • Ensure that the content is easily obtainable by making it portable that will extend the arm of your website through mobile applications, widgets, online videos and broadcast. There is a wide field in which to spread your health messages. • Recruitment should be made easy for people to share and communicate your messages and become advocates for what you are trying to accomplish. By adopting such social media platforms as Facebook and YouTube, you can increase sharing between users. • Two-way participation can help facilitate meaningful communication with your target audience. It allows messages to be tailored, empathy expressed and acknowledge concerns. Two-way participation results in two-way communication where you can actually hear what people are talking about and the opinions on health-related topics in the community. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 11 • Social media allows leverage between networks and expand scope of your health message. • Multiple formats allow people to have different ways to interact and receive the information based their level of engagement and availability to the media. Not all of the target population will have access to the internet but 90% of adults have mobile services. This gives another avenue to share health information through text messaging, mobile websites and applications (CDC, July, 2011). E1. Research Questions Development: The candidate provides appropriate research questions that can inform of the target population’s characteristics, beliefs, and barriers to overcoming the health concerns. Who is at greatest risk for receiving poor-quality health care and why? How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long, healthy life? What is effective ways of explaining uncertain health and health care evidence to patients? How does the comparative effectiveness of communication techniques vary by patients? What population is medically underserved and why? E1a. Environment Assessment: The candidate provides a logical discussion of how the research questions will help in assessing the environment of the target population. Low income populations often overwhelmed with environmental health issues. These issues consist of unsafe housing, growing violence and drug trafficking, poor street lighting, unsafe playgrounds and recreational areas, poor drinking water and septic system failures just to name a few. Environmental inequalities goes hand in hand with health care inequalities. Minorities are disproportionately burdened by environmental hazards. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 12 Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 15 E2a. Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities: The candidate provides stakeholder roles and responsibilities in implementing the plan. Promoting health care in the community involves efforts in every part of the society including health care systems, workplaces, state and local governments. The different organizations can initiate systems in accordance with national guidelines. Policies can be implemented for health care coverage for preventive health services, enforce current no smoking laws and improve emergency response programs. Employees can be screened for and have follow-ups for high risk behaviors resulting in chronic diseases such as heart disease. During the planning phase of the campaign, social media tools were selected and developed in order to present the stakeholders with credible and science-based information. Tools were made accessible stakeholders to facilitate the sharing and to advocate for the site’s campaign. All content was made available to all involved partners to promote on their company’s’ websites which included public health partners, state and local health agencies (CDC, 2011). All community groups such as government agencies, institutes, local media organizations and advocacy groups can implement needed communication activities. Communicating with the target community only enhances visibility of services, promotions, customer services and support. E2b. Data Management: The candidate provides a logical discussion of how the data collection methods from part E1b will be managed. Making key choices and following the demographics of the audience involved from which the data was gathered was critical in the beginning of the campaign. The data collected must be credible, accurate, current and authentic. All data content will be carefully documented. The data will distinguish between different inequalities in health care in the poorest communities and disadvantaged areas. Data policies will be developed and implemented. F1. Campaign Objective: The candidate provides an appropriate description of the social media campaign objective. The Campaign objectives developed through the social media tools are to provide the target audience with credible and factual information that will improve healthy behaviors by decreasing risky behaviors that cause heart disease and other chronic diseases. By attracting the target audience and encouraging participation the key campaign messages will be absorbed. In return this will influence health decisions and promote healthy life styles. The campaign messages need to be attractive and interesting to the audience in order to see a positive result in the populations overall health. Educating the audience of high risk behaviors and having them to understand what they are and whether or not they fall in this category (CDC, 2011). Setting measureable objectives of decreasing the percentage of high risk behaviors among the targeted population. Educate the population on ways to obtain health information and health care. Overall objective is to decrease health disparities in the community. To address inequities by implementing health equity. All people should have the same right and opportunity to reach the full health potential regardless of their race, gender, income, education or age. Everyone should have the right to health care. Identify the objective of how social media can play a valuable role in communicating, participating and engaging with the target community. Improve the health literacy of the population. F2. Population-Focused Social Marketing Interventions: The candidate provides an appropriate recommendation of 2 population-focused social marketing interventions to improve the health message related to the chosen primary prevention topic. The interventions are population-based for the group at higher risk that could potentially be impacted by the health conditions discussed earlier. The interventions will include assessment, health promotion and education, disease prevention, monitoring services and evaluation. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 16 Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 17 Community education programs with projects and media interventions will be implemented. Health care social media has become increasingly useful to patients that share a specific disease or health interest. They can connect and share similar experiences with each other. Heart disease affect a large portion of the target population and can be prevented in all stages of life. There is such a huge lack of knowledge about prevention among the population is why well- crafted population focused interventions must be effective in improving all aspects of health, including physical activity, healthy eating, decrease in smoking and alcohol within the target population. By implementing these interventions, this will also provide additional health benefits to the community. The risky behaviors have to be identified and reduced. Majority of the target population are unaware of how the risky behaviors affect their overall health The interventions are targeted toward promoting the overall health status of the community by preventing disease, harm, disability, and early death. Health policy and environmental-safe revisions are essential tools in health promotion. Effective communication and education that can be understood play such a huge role in positive results from the interventions. Reduce risky behaviors such as sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, health illiteracy, obesity and decreased alcohol consumption. F2a. Rational for Recommendations: The candidate provides a logical discussion of the candidate’s rationale for the 2 recommendations from part F2. Providing educational information for reducing risky behaviors and increasing health literacy. The focus of the interventions is behavior change which must be voluntary and not coerced or enforced. The campaign will show a clear benefit if the person implements the changes. Risky behavior interventions include regular physical activity, tobacco prevention, limited alcohol intake, obesity and health literacy. Regular physical activity improves muscular strength, improvement in bone density, body agility and coordination. People who are physically active have a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, depression and fall-related injuries just to name a few. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 20 F3b. Social Marketing Language: The candidate provides an appropriate description of the writing approach to be used in the social marketing plan. Major health messages and goals are made specific to the concerns, needs and desires of the target population. The message content requires mindful consideration by reason it will be viewed by all people entering the website. All messages should be relevant, easily understood, timely and science-based to the health practices intended. The messages should be interesting in the beginning to keep the attention of the audience. Messages should not exceed an 8th grade reading level. Proficient health literacy is only 12 percent in the U.S. According the Health & Human Services, more than 77 million people in the U.S. has difficulty with common health tasks. These tasks include following simple directions on prescription bottles, understanding them importance of immunizations or reading a simple growth chart (HHS, 2008). Shockingly high percentage of adults experience challenges comprehending health information that is common everyday language in health care facilities, news media and communities. The message content must be easily understood by all people or it will be ignored resulting in a failed campaign. Plain language is essential in eliminating health literacy problems for the targeted audience. Plain language enables the audience to pick up on information more quickly with an understanding of actually finding it more important and useful. According to the CDC’s “Guide to Writing for Social Media”, basic principles of plain language includes engaging the audience promptly, limit jargon and ambiguous words. Keep messages short, and with a friendly professional tone. Always choose familiar words and terms. Engage the reader with the most essential information first, then explain what and why the next action is critical. Use verbs in the language that will help promote healthy behaviors such as, “Eat more fruit and vegetables” (CDC, 2011). Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 21 Focus on the positive and explain the benefit of the message you are writing. Never talk down to the audience and show your respect in all health situations. Give precise directions or instructions that can be tailor-made and useful to the audience. F4. Target Population Benefits: The candidate provides a logical discussion of the benefits for the target population that will be included in the candidate’s health message. Benefits from the message will provide the audience with resources, education and supportive relationships created for health related questions and concerns. Social media communication in health care can improve health care and outcomes. The campaign messages will help to address determinants of health while preventing and reducing the risk for disease. As the messages reach the audience health inequalities will be lowered. The campaign will create an environment that is supportive and welcoming. This type of environment will encourage participation from individuals and development of personal skills to help address health needs and health inequalities. Considerable improvement in health-related behaviors that cause disease will be seen. G1. Potentials Partnerships: The candidate provides a logical discussion of potential public and private partnerships that could be formed to aid in the implementation of the campaign. Partnerships will also result in integrated planning in areas such as housing, public spaces and transportation that contribute to social disparities in health. By having the public and private partnership path, healthcare can implement a broad range of healthcare needs such as improve access, equity and better efficiency. The following is a list of potential partnerships: Local environmental and justice organizations Health care providers from area facilities Faith based organizations and local churches Business organizations and civic Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 22 organizations Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 24 The effectiveness of interventions promoting health-related behavior changes will be reviewed and judge to ensure appropriateness. An effective campaign will demonstrate an impact in communication that will increase knowledge and awareness. The campaign will provide multiple opportunities for social media access. The campaign content will consist of health-promoting behaviors and the cessation of harmful behaviors that could lead to behavior-related disease or injury. G4a. Measurable Tools: The candidate identifies the measurable tools necessary to evaluate the campaign. Icons are displayed on the selected social media websites. Simply clicking on the icons, the audience can open the website and will directed to the campaign messages. Twitter identifies the number of followers which will decide the potential reach. Each month compare the last month for growth rate. TweetReach is a free Twitter measurement tool that is available. TweetEffect can measure actual engagement on the site. Facebook’s number of fans would be tracked on our brand page and review the number of additional friends each month. By looking at those who remarked on or like the posts monthly. YouTube videos will measured for the number of views each month and total number of subscribers. Pinterest again is a site that you measure the followers of your post. You will actually receive a notification of each new follower. On all sites each month the new visits, followers, views, subscribers, fans and campaign mentions are monitored. Also comments, clicks, retweets, wall posts and content downloads are monitored monthly. Start a dashboard on Excel that highlights important metrics regarding the campaign. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 25 G5. Implementation Cost: The candidate provides an appropriate discussion of the cost to implement the campaign. The campaign used many digital media strategies and tools that are free at upstart to spread the message. The campaign has emphasized the low budget or no budget tools that helped make the campaign a success. The number of views from the Health Tips ads on YouTube generated a huge following at no cost, not to mention the millions that will be reached on Facebook and from Twitter. Minimal cost to initial the campaign other than the time spent to research the content of the messages and launching each site. Volunteers were utilized from the communities and health care facilities. This campaign will include the audience that we are targeting to help create the sites. This will get the hands on involvement from the audience and the word of mouth the campaign will need to get started. They can help design the graphics and the images by hand drawings. The volunteers in the community will allow personal videos and stories on how their health was affected by health disparities and how the information on the site has changed their behaviors in a positive way. The plan is for others in the community to do the same because they will be the face of message. Also volunteer groups would engage in peer-to-peer support while participating in several fund-raising efforts for the sites and for needed individuals. The Health care facility that I am associated with will allow a budget of $2,000 to $5,000 for the review of video content and professional photography of live events. As the campaign grows a consideration for professional social media managers, writers and even outsource the marketing to a specialized agency (Sandler, J., 2013) Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 26 H. Social Media Marketing and Public Health: The candidate provides a relevant reflection of how social media marketing supports the community health nurse’s efforts to promote healthier populations. The campaign focuses on many factors involving health disparities and health equalities such as environmental strategies that promote and encourage healthy eating and active life style. The campaign assisted in building support especially for those displaying high risk behaviors such as use of tobacco, alcohol, obesity, sedentary life style and poor eating habits. Promoting lifestyle interventions that will be directed in improving nutrition, increasing physical activity and achieving a healthy weight. One of the objectives was to distribute credible health information that would prove to motivate observable behavioral changes within the social media but more notable in the community as the nurse makes her community rounds and follow-ups. Nurses’ educational programs for the target community have increased in the community due the overwhelming response to the Social media campaign. Visits are arranged per request from online communication with the audience. The nurses offer nursing journals on how to prevent heart disease and other diseases by reducing or eliminating the risky behaviors. Various screenings such for hypertension, cholesterol and diabetes can be done in the home to minimize the suffering and improve the wellbeing of the community. Screenings will allow for early intervention and proper treatment to reduce the risk for disease. Support groups will be formed to encourage each other especially those patients that face similar situations. With peer to peer support, they can actually help each other in making decisions about life style changes to improve their health. Community nurse can now step in and attempt to salvage conditions before they go totally out of hand. The health care campaign can assist with signing people up for the Affordable Care Act so services like colonoscopies, mammograms, and pap smears are made available. Without this help this population would not have access to them. Disease Prevention. -Pew Research Internet Project. -North Carolina Minority Health Facts. -ACCESSNC North Carolina Economic Data. 2. http://www.consultantlive.com/articles/evidence-based- cardiovascular-disease-prevention-challenges-assessing- risk-office-practice#sthash.Ezp2QJ6Z.dpuf 3. http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/12/30/social-media- update-2013/ 4. http://www.schs.state.nc.us/schs/pdf/AAFacts.pdf 5. http://accessnc.commerce.state.nc.us/ 3/6/16 3/7/16 -Burke County Public Schools. -Burke Co Hx.-Discover Burke County- US census. – US Dept. of Agriculture 1. http://www.burke.k12.nc.us/ 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke_County_North_Carolin a 3. http://discoverburkecounty.com/ 4. http://www.census.gov/ 5. http://www.usda.gov 5 3/10/1 6 3/12/1 6 -Site for finding popular facts about the population. – Accumulated facts on health data. – NC facts and details. – County statistics. – Facts on heart disease and prevention. 1. http://factfinder.census.gov 2. http://www.healthdata.org 3. http://northcarolina.hometownlocator.com 4. www.carolinatransparency.com 5. http://startwithyourheart.com/Data/ 5 Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 29 3/17/1 6 3/18/1 6 -Community Health needs. –Current medical news. -Data on towns in US. – Burke Co city data. – Health statistics in Burke Co. 1. http://www.blueridgehealth.org 2. www.medicalnewstoday.com 3. http://www.towncharts.com/ 4. www.city-data.com/county/Burke_County-NC.html 5. www.healthyburke.com 6 3/19/1 6 -Medical options. – Free health care options. Local red cross information. – Connections for prevention and health. –State health profile information 1. http://www.optionsburkecounty.org 2. http://burkegoodsamclinic.org/ 3. http://www.redcross.org/local/western-north-carolina 4. www.communityclinicalconnections.com/ODHDSP/index. php 5. www.schs.state.nc.us/schs/pdf/healthprofile2011 4 3/20/1 6 - Mhealth market on how business should work. –Social Media Strategy for Healthcare. - Community preventive services to promote health. - Agency for healthcare research and quality. - Local hospital and healthcare facilities. 1. www.research2guidance.com/mhealth- 2. www.slideshare.net 3. www.thecommunityguide.org 4. www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov 5. www.blueridgehealthcare.org 5 Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 30 3/24/1 6 Benefits, Risks and Best Practices with 1. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2. www.thedoctorschannel.com 6 3/25/1 6 social media tools. – Media sharing site for doctors. –Public forum website. – Medical education site. –Mayo clinic network on social media in healthcare 3. www.wikipedia.com 4. www.clinispace.com 5. http://socialmedia.mayoclinic.org 3/26/1 6 3/27/1 6 -Venue for patients to gather healthcare information. – Nonprofit website for patients to interact and communicate with others. –Social media guidelines and policies. – Nurses website for information sharing. – ANA website with needed information on standards of care. 1. www.patientslikeme.com 2. www.caringbridge.org 3. http://socialmediagovernance.com/policies. 4. www.nursinglink.com 5. www.ananursespace.org 7 Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 31 3/28/1 6 3/30/1 -Social network for RNs. –Blogs on wide range of case studies. –Nurses website for 1. http://www.twitter.com/socialRN 2. www.clinicalcases.org 3. www.nurseslabs.com 4. www.informationweek.com/healthcare 6 Vue, B. (2013). “Burke Health Solutions”. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/mzkamqiswyd8/burke-health- solutions/ ACC/AHA Prevention Guideline. (2013). Retrieved from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/25_suppl_2/S49 AHA. (2014) “Heart-Health Screenings”. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Heart-Health- Screenings_UCM_428687_Article.jsp#.Vwp-1m_2aCg Hooker, R. (2013). “Working with the medically underserved”. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625069/ CDC, 2011; “The Health Communicator’s Social Media Toolkit”; http://www.cdc.gov/socialmedia/Tools/guidelines/pdf/SocialMediaToolkit_BM.pdf Healthy People 2020; “Determinants of Health”. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health Leedy, P. & Ormrod, J. (2001). Practical research: Planning and design (7th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Egbert, N & Nanna, K. (2009) “Health Literacy: Challenges and Strategies”. Retrieved from The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/Ta bleofContents/Vol142009/No3Sept09/Health-Literacy-Challenges.html Fox, S. (2011). The Social Life of Health Information. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Social-Life-of-Health-Info.aspx. Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Practicum pg. 34 CTIA. (2011). Wireless Quick Facts. Retrieved from http://www.ctia.org/media/industry_info/index.cfm/AID/10323. U.S. Department of Health and Health Services. (2008) “America's Health Literacy: Why We Need Accessible Health Information”. Retrieved from http://health.gov/communication/literacy/issuebrief/ Sandler, J. (2013). “How to Effectively Budget Your Social Media Program in 2013”. Retrieved from https://www.clickz.com/clickz/column/2234878/how-to-effectively-budget- your-social- media-program-in-2013