Download Biomes and Vegetation: Understanding Community Types and Global Patterns and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 1 COMMUNITY TYPES Six Major Vegetation Types are called Biomes. Vegetation height is strongly influenced by temperature patterns and water availability. Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 2 READING ASSIGNMENT Read pages 1001-1018 in Chapter 50. YES there will be questions on this material on exam 2. Think about what is special about being a woody plant versus a non-woody one. Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 5 Temperature and Precipitation Global Patterns Axis of earth’s rotation is tilted (23°) to plane of earth’s orbit – Northern hemisphere season is opposite of season in southern hemisphere – Angle of sunlight important (more energy per unit area means higher temperature) Temperature drops as elevation increases – Water vapor in air often condenses into droplets of water as air rises above the earth Global Air Circulation Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 6 Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 7 Biomes & Vegetation differences Biomes are vegetation types that apply on a world-wide scale. There are 6 major biomes, with 14 biomes recognized in a recent study. ‘Ecoregion’ names vegetation patterns at the scale of size of a state. Each place in natural world is unique. Canopy of Forest The canopy layer of a forest is the height at which most of the sunlight is captured by the plants. Many forests have a subcanopy layer below the canopy. The subcanopy is typically occupied by trees that can grow in shade and do not get as tall as the canopy species. Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 10 405
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Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 12 Names for Temperate Grasslands Prairie North America Pampas Argentina Steppe Russia Veldt Union of South Africa Puszta Hungary Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 15 Deciduous Forest Woody vegetation (trees) require a regular supply of water and are favored by greater and more uniform amounts of precipitation. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the winter. Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 16 Shade Tolerance Tree seedlings differ in shade tolerance. Oak seedlings generally require high levels of light as seedlings, i.e. are not shade tolerant. Sugar maple is locally the most shade tolerant species, which means its seedlings can grow in full shade (as found under a full canopy) Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 17 Boreal Forest Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 20 “Tension” Zone in Wisconsin Biogeography of Species Exotic species are have moved to a region they have not historically occupied, -usually as a result of human actions. Native species are species that were historically found within a region. Autochthonous species have occupied the site of interest for a long time. Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 21 Invasive species Species that have recently spread to many sites and have reached high levels of abundance at those sites. Invasive species displace native species and alter native communities. Buckthorn, Rhamnus, is a serious problem in the midwestern USA. Exam 2 #13 UIC BioS 101 Nyberg 22
