components of computer system, Slides of Information Technology

Download components of computer system and more Slides Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity! COMPUTER SYSTEM Input • Input is whatever goes into the computer. Input can take a variety of forms; from commands you enter by keyboard to data from another computer (via a network connection) or device (via direct or network connection). A device that feeds data into a computer, such as a keyboard or mouse, is called an input device. Storage Computer data storage is referred to as storage or memory, which can save digital data. Examples are RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks. Permanent, or non-volatile, storage devices do not require power to remember the data stored. Mass storage devices, like your hard disk, are non-volatile; a loss of power does not affect their ability to retain data. This category also includes ROM (Read Only Memory). • Temporary or volatile storage is more often called "memory". A loss of power means that any data stored will be lost irretrievably. When you are using an application, such as a word processor, the data (the document you are working on) is stored in RAM (Random Access Memory). If you lose power without explicitly saving your work, you will likely lose data. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS • Computer hardware - Are physical parts/ intangible parts of a computer. eg Input devices, output devices, central processing unit and storage devices • Computer software - also known as programs or applications. They are classified into two classes namely - system software and application software • Liveware/Peopleware - is the computer user. Also kwon as orgware or the humanware. The user commands the computer system to execute on instructions. STORAGE DEVICES This unit allows storing data ADD 5D Flash drive chDIp ROM Diskette External HDD RAM COMPUTER SOFTWARE Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. There are two types of software  System Software  Application Software SYSTEM SOFTWARE • The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. System software is generally prepared by the computer manufacturers. These software products comprise of programs written in low-level languages, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end users. LIVEWARE • The computer is designed to be used by people. The people who use the computer are referred to as peopleware component of the computer system. Peopleware refers to the role of people in the development and use of computer software and hardware. Anyone who designs, develops or uses computer systems plays an important role in the computing process. They include computer professionals and users such as computer engineers, programmers, individual computer users, software engineers, IT specialists, network engineers, graphic designers, computer technicians, database administrators, desktop publishers, etc. Virus and the Internet • A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. Viruses can also replicate themselves. All computer viruses are man-made. A simple virus that can make a copy of itself over and over again is relatively easy to produce. Even such a simple virus is dangerous because it will quickly use all available memory and bring the system to a halt. An even more dangerous type of virus is one capable of transmitting itself across networks and bypassing security systems. Viruses • A virus is a small piece of software that piggybacks on real programs. Example, a virus might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet program. Each time the spreadsheet program runs, the virus runs, too, and it has the chance to reproduce (by attaching to other programs) or wreak havoc. Worms • A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself to the new machine using the security hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well. Internet Basics INTERNET • Internet is a virtual networking medium that can be connected and used on a variety of devices these days. It enables the users to send, receive, collect, store, update, delete, and many other operations of the data across the world. Internet usage is expanding its boundaries every day, as the technological growth is huge. A few of the major uses of Internet are e-commerce, e-learning, knowledge sharing, social connectivity, variety of media, file transfer, communication, etc. • 3. Search Engines These engines locate the information one seeks, available in whichever server across the globe (world wide web). Google, Yahoo, and MSN are the renowned search engines in use today. One can search on anything in this site and the search question can be in any format. In fact, People have started using the word Google as a generic verb synonymous to search. • 4. E-Commerce The Internet enables the selling of goods and services in online mode. There are many e-commerce platform vendors like Amazon, Ola who aggregate several products/services available in the market and sell them through their portal to customers. Products are procured by platform vendors, stored in their warehouses, packed and distributed by them in their own brand. Customers get a good discount and they don’t have to visit physical stores. • 5. Online Banking Called as Net banking, it allows doing banking transactions at ease sitting at home or while on mobile. Footfalls in the bank branches have come down appreciably with almost all the services are available in net banking 24×7. Any amount of money can be transferred instantaneously through this facility. E-Banking Supports Electricity bills, Telephone bills, and other services payment. • 8. Collaboration Online chat tools like messenger, Skype, and other video conferencing tools help people to get connected 24 x7 and have a hassle- free business and personal discussion. This avoids unwanted travel by people and save their time for productive use. The Internet has also facilitated work from home with seamless connectivity to the office and avoid daily commuting. • 9. Social Networking Internet connects people online and enables them to form social groups. Information, Ideas, views, and opinions on any social/political issues are exchanged. The political and social organization makes use of this platform in promoting their interest among the public. 3W’s • The abbreviation “www” stands for World Wide Web. Many people think the World Wide Web is the same thing as the Internet. It isn’t. While the Internet is a large connection of networks (hardware), the World Wide Web is a way to access the information on the Internet Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules, used to retrieve a specific document. The “http” in our URL refers to HyperText Transfer Protocol. The “http” is followed by a colon and two forward slashes, then “www,” which refers to the World Wide Web. Domain Name: The domain name consists of two parts. In our example, “indianhills.edu” is the domain name. where “indianhills" is the host and “.edu" is the top-level domain. This suffix indicates the type of organization to which the host belongs. Common Top-Level Domains .com Commercial or business websites, .gov Government websites .org Organizational websites (often non-profit organizations) -edu Educational institution SEARCH ENGINE Itrefers to a huge database of internet resources such as web pages, newsgroups, programs, images etc. It helps to locate information on World Wide Web. User can search for any information by passing query in form of keywords or phrase. It then searches for relevant information in its database and return to the user. > Search Engine Components Generally, there are three basic components of a search engine as listed below: Web crawler: |t is also known as spider or bots. It is a software component that traverses the web to gather information. Database: All the information on the web is stored in database. It consists of huge web resources. Search Interfaces: This component is an interface between user and the database. It helps the user to search through the database. Questions?