Comprehensive Bio 100 Final Exam Study Guide, Exams of Biology

Download Comprehensive Bio 100 Final Exam Study Guide and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 d: B 1. To which one of the following is the bat's wing NOT homologous? the lion's foreleg the dragonfly's wing the human's arm the whale's flipper the bird's wing 2. Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure? molars in bats that consume a completely liquid diet eye sockets in eyeless cave-dwelling fish pelvic bones in whales All of the above answer choices are examples of vestigial structures. Correct Answer: Only the first and second answer choices are examples of vestigial structures. 3. Which of the following types of organisms is immune to viral infection? protists fungi birds plants All of these organisms are susceptible to viral infections. 4. Archaea and bacteria diverged: after archaea and eukarya diverged. before archaea and eukarya diverged. before bacteria and eukarya diverged. after bacteria and eukarya diverged. when archaea and eukarya diverged. 5. Life histories are based on: 2 the rate of growth and development. the age at death. the age of reproduction and the number of reproductive events. the amount of energy available to an individual at birth. All of the above are the bases for life histories. 6. What does it mean in conservation biology to say a habitat is fragmented? The habitat is found on more than one part of the world. The habitat exists in patches that are physically isolated from each other. The habitat consists of many different species living together. The habitat has areas that experience vastly different weather conditions. The habitat is being studied by more than one conservative biologist. 7. All fungi are multicellular, but some also have a unicellular form known as a fruiting body. yeast spores. hyphae. seeds. 8. In a fish population in a shallow stream, the genotypic frequency of yellowish- brown fish and greenish-brown fish changed significantly after a flash flood randomly swept away individuals from that stream. This change in genotypic frequency is most likely attributable to gene flow. disruptive selection. directional selection. genetic drift. the founder effect. 9. Which of the following is NOT a factor that limits population growth? insufficient food supply accumulation of waste products density of parasites lack of nesting space All of these factors may limit population growth. 10. Population density is determined by the number of: 5 d. radially symmetrical e. Both a) and c) are correct. 19. The extinction that occurred on earth 65 million years ago was immediately followed by: the rise of reptiles, including the dinosaurs. the emergence of the first non-photosynthetic organisms. the rapid divergence and radiation of modern mammals. an increase in atmospheric oxygen levels. the rise of archaea. 20. How do plasmids containing genes for antibiotic resistance get exchanged between different bacteria cells in a culture? through conjugation through transduction through conduction through artificial exchange through cloning 21. Organisms play a significant role in: the carbon cycle. the sulfur cycle. the nitrogen cycle. a) and c) only. Organisms play a significant role in all of the above. 22. The term biota refers to: the scientific study of biology. all living species of all kinds. all extinct species. the living species that evolved during the Cambrian period. all bacterial species of all kinds. 23. An urban planner wants to build some new homes in a woodland area but wants to do so in a manner that is the least disruptive to its natural biodiversity levels. Which of the following choices is her best mode of action? To situate the homes scattered throughout the forest so that the remaining woodlands are sectored off from one another. 6 To cut down all the forest at once because there is no way to maintain the biodiversity levels of the forest. To build all the homes on one side of the forest, leaving the majority of the forest intact and grouped together. To build the homes through the middle of the forest, cutting the forest into two equal parts. All of the above will affect the biodiversity levels of the forest equally. 24. Keystone species: are more expendable than commensal species, from a conservation perspective. occur only in intertidal zones. are primary producers and therefore usually are plants. can be removed from a habitat without any impact on the remaining species in the habitat. play an unusually important role in determining the species composition in a habitat. 25. produces new species and takes them away. Speciation; extinction Extinction; speciation Convergent evolution; extinction gradual change; punctuated equilibrium Background extinction; mass extinction 26. Terrestrial primary production is highest ; marine primary production is highest . near the equator; near the equator near the equator; in arctic regions in temperate regions; along coasts in temperate regions; near the equator near the equator; along coasts 27. Population bottlenecks occur when a population's size is significantly reduced for at least one generation. large portion of a population is suddenly killed off and only a few survive to recolonize the population. large portion of a population's genetic variation is lost within a single generation. 7 All of the above answer choices are correct. None of the above answer choices is correct. 28. Genetic drift will have the greatest effects for populations that are very small. that are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. that are undergoing stabilizing selection. that are undergoing directional selection. with a high degree of gene exchange with other populations. 29. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a virus? syphilis genital herpes chlamydia trichomoniasis gonhorrhea 30. What does it mean to say a species is a “threatened” species? That species is not in immediate danger of extinction but is likely to be so in the near future. That species was brought to the point of extinction, then miraculously saved through conservation measures. That species is having a portion of its habitat destroyed. That species is in immediate danger of extinction. That species has many natural predators. 31. Biodiversity hotspots are defined by which two criteria? species richness and ecosystem integrity the number of endemic species and the degree of threat species richness and size ecological diversity and species diversity the size and distance from the nearest alternative hotspot 32. During gene flow, where do the genes flow? The genes do not flow at all; flow is a mathematical metaphor for mean gene frequencies being unstable and drifting from one number to another. The genes flow into and out of the population due to migration of individuals from one population to another. 10 males minimize reproductive success by mating with as many females as possible. males maximize reproductive success by mating with as many females as possible. females maximize reproductive success by mating with as few males as possible. 39. The energy that a parent puts into the growth, feeding, and care of offspring is called: total reproductive output. reproductive success. reproductive investment. the mating system. kin selection. 40. A population pyramid: directly predicts future age distributions of the population. predicts survival and mortality rates for an individual at a given age. shows the current birth and death rates of a population. can be constructed from data gathered in one census of a population. reflects the number of individuals in various age groups in a population. 41. DNA-containing viruses are easier to fight and treat than RNA viruses because: all RNA viruses use reverse transcriptase, a key enzyme that cannot be easily inhibited. DNA viruses do not change rapidly. RNA viruses have relatively stable genomes and so cannot be inactivated by mutagenic drugs. very few infectious diseases are caused by DNA viruses, while the majority are caused by RNA viruses. antibiotics work only on DNA viruses, not on RNA viruses. 42. Because it is possible for a female to mate with multiple males, any of whom could be the father, male mammals and birds always: mate with kin that they can trust. invest more in the care of the offspring. have some degree of paternity uncertainty. invest less in the care of the offspring. 11 be the choosier sex in mating. 43. Which of the following lists the proper sequence of events that occurs when a flowering plant reproduces? meiosis; fertilization; growth of the pollen tube; germination meiosis; mitosis; nuclear fusion; pollination growth of pollen tube; pollination; germination; fertilization meiosis; pollination; fertilization; embryo formation fertilization; meiosis; nuclear fusion; endosperm formation 44. Which of the following is an example of commensalism? A female cuckoo lays its egg in the nest of a smaller bird, which then raises the cuckoo chick. A jaguar kills and consumes a gazelle. A wasp paralyzes a caterpillar and lays its egg inside it. A clown fish lives inside a sea anemone and is protected by it, while the anemone receives nothing from the clown fish. A remora fish removes algae and parasites from a shark's skin, and receives protection in return. 45. Which of the following is NOT a novel trait of angiosperms? double fertilization stamens pollen flowers triploid endosperm 46. Which of the following statements about plasmids is NOT true? Plasmids replicate independently of other chromosomes. Some plasmids carry antibiotic-resistance factors. Some plasmids carry genes that influence how sick the bacterium makes an individual it infects. Some plasmids can integrate into the main chromosomes. Plasmids are viruses that have infected bacteria. 47. Which of the following is a MAJOR trade-off in life histories? number of reproductive events for number of offspring per reproductive event size for life span 12 size of offspring for number of reproductive events size of offspring for amount of parental investment growth for reproduction 48. The evolution of seeds allowed for coevolution with animal pollinators. plants to colonize dryer climates. for the development of an independent sporophyte. for heterospory—the development of male and female gametophytes. All of the above answer choices are correct. 49. The lynx–snowshoe hare population dynamic described in the graph represents an example of population: logistic growth. unsustainability. oscillation. explosion. demographics. 50. “Establishing a phylogeny for bacteria is more difficult than establishing a phylogeny for plants or animals.” This statement is: