Download Computer Development-Advance Computer Architecture-Lecture Slides and more Slides Advanced Computer Architecture in PDF only on Docsity! Today’s Topics Module 1: Introduction Module 2: Instruction Set Architecture Module 3: Computer hardware design Module 4: Instruction Level Parallelism –Dynamic Module 5: Instruction Level Parallelism – Static Module 6: Memory Hierarchy system Module 7: Multiprocessing Module 8: I/O Systems Module 9: Networks and Clusters docsity.com Module 1: Introduction and Quantitative Principles We started this course distinguishing the computer organization and computer architecture Architecture refers to those attributes of a computer visible to the programmer or compiler writer; e.g., instruction set, memory addressing techniques, I/O mechanisms etc. docsity.com Module 1: Introduction …. Computer Development Commercially, the first machine was built by Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1949 In 1971, Intel introduced first cheep microprocessor 4004 and then 80 x 86 series In 1998, more than 350 million microprocessors with different instruction set architectures were in use; this number has risen to more than a billion in 2006 docsity.com Module 1: Introduction …. Computer Generations Technological developments, from vacuum tubes to VLSI circuits, dynamic memory and network technology gave birth to four different generations of computers This course has viewed the Computer Architecture from four perspectives Processor Design Memory Hierarchy Input/output and storages Multiprocessor and Network interconnection docsity.com Module 1: Quantitative Principles The key to the quantitative analysis in determining the effectiveness of the entire computing system is the computer hardware and software performance In this respect , we discussed: Price-performance design CPU performance metrics CPU benchmark suites docsity.com Module1: CPU Benchmark Suites Five levels of programs are used as benchmarks: 1. Real Applications – scientific programs evaluate the performance of a machine 2. Modified Applications – the real applications with certain blocks modified to focus desired aspects of application, 3. Kernels – the small key pieces extracted from the real program 4. Toy benchmarks – small codes normally used as beginning programming assignments. 5. Synthetic benchmarks – the small section of Artificially created program docsity.com Module1: Quantitative Principles of Performance Measurement Quantitatively the performance of a system can be enhanced by speedup of a fraction of system based on the concept of the common case first Amdahl’s Law is the basis of the measure of the performance enhancement which defines the Speedup due to enhancement E that accelerates a fraction F of the task as: docsity.com Module 1: Amdahl's Law Ex Time without Enhancement Speedup (E) = Ex Time with Enhancement Performance with Enhancement = Performance without Enhancement docsity.com Module 2: Taxonomy of Instruction Set The taxonomy of Instruction set was defined as: – Stack Architecture: – Accumulator Architecture – General Purpose Register Architecture Register – memory Register – Register (load/store) Memory – Memory Architecture (Obsolete) docsity.com Module 2: Types of Operands and Operations Operands Types: Integer, FP and Character Operand Size Half word, word, double word Classification of operations Arithmetic, data transfer, control and support operations docsity.com Module 2: Types of Operands addressing modes Operand Addressing Modes Immediate, register, direct (absolute) and Indirect Classification of Indirect Addressing Register, indexed, relative (i.e. with displacement) and memory Special Addressing Modes Auto-increment, auto-decrement and scaled Control Instruction Addressing modes Branch, jump and procedure call/return docsity.com
