Operating Systems and Computer Components: A Detailed Overview, Quizzes of Music

Download Operating Systems and Computer Components: A Detailed Overview and more Quizzes Music in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Operating System DEFINITION 1 the software portion of a computer system that is responsible for managing and coordinating the functions of the computer and allocating the resources. TERM 2 Current Operating systems DEFINITION 2 Windows (greatest penetration) - Numerous audio programs - windows only: ACID, Sound Forge, Cakewalk, Cool Edit Macintosh - Numerous audio programs (mac only: Logic, Digital Performer, Kraft, Bias Peak Linux (and others) - Limited music support (currently) TERM 3 PHYSICAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS DEFINITION 3 Motherboard - connection point for: processors, RAM, hard drives, video, communication ports, expansion cards, etc. TERM 4 Motherboard DEFINITION 4 connection point for: processors, RAM, hard drives, video, communication ports, expansion cards, etc. TERM 5 Processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) DEFINITION 5 its job is to execute a sequence of instructions (or commands) known as a Progam. TERM 6 CPU Considerations DEFINITION 6 Clock Speed (or "clock rate") Cache TERM 7 Clock Speed (clock rate) DEFINITION 7 the rate at which a computer performs its most basic operation. TERM 8 Cache DEFINITION 8 Memory where CPU stores copies of its most common main memory locations. When performing an operation, CPU first checks the ____ to see if info is stored there. Can reduce processing latency to that of the cache rather than that of the main memory. TERM 9 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) DEFINITION 9 A computer bus used to attach peripheral devices to the motherboard. - An integrated Circuit (IC) thats part of the motherboard. - an Expansion Card that fits into a socket TERM 10 Typical PCI Cards DEFINITION 10 sound card, usb ports, network cards, E T C . TERM 21 BLOCK DEFINITION 21 Each track / sector combination is referred to as a ____ Each ____ provides the drive with a known area of the drive. This way, the drive can keep a log of where the files it stores are located - letting it "jump" to those files as it is requested by the CPU- called a DIRECTORY. TERM 22 Directory DEFINITION 22 a log of where files are stored on a hard drive. TERM 23 Hard Drive "Types" DEFINITION 23 Drives are usually named as to how they are accessed or connected to the computer. these drives offer a native connection: - Parallel ATA (IDE or EIDE) -Serial ATA (SATA) - SCSI (Small Computer System interface) - Fibre channel TERM 24 Firewire & USB (1.1 / 2.0) DEFINITION 24 a type of circutry used to connect a hard drive (usually an ATA [IDE] or SCSI disk) to a bus that it couldn't normally communicate with. Essentially, a bridge that allows the drive to communicate with the computer. TERM 25 FIREWIRE DEFINITION 25 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 1394 is a Serial Bus Interface Standard for high speed data communications. It is NOT a hard drive - but the means of transferring data from a hard drive (or other device). TERM 26 Firewire 400 DEFINITION 26 from 1995 Transmission rates of approx. 100, 200, & 400 megabits per second (Mbits/s). TERM 27 FireWire 800 DEFINITION 27 1394b from 2002 transmission rates of approx. 800 Megabits per second (Mbits/s) actually 786 Mbits/s). TERM 28 USB (Universal Serial Bus): Low Speed USB 1.1 DEFINITION 28 Transmission rates of approx. 1.5 Mbit/s Used for peripherals like keyboards, mice, etc. TERM 29 USB: Full speed 1.1 & 2.0 DEFINITION 29 Transmission rates of approx. 12 Mbit/s TERM 30 Firewire vs. USB DEFINITION 30 In audio, we use Firewire as the standard connection for external hard drives. While high speed USB 2.0 has a higher SIGNALING rate than Firewire 400 with rates of 480 Mbit/s, the SUSTAINED TRANSFER RATES of USB 2.0 are typically 240 Mbit/s USB intended for lower cost, slower functions like peripherals. Firewire intended for high speed interfacing. TERM 31 Other Drive concerns: chipsets DEFINITION 31 controls the communication between the processor and external devices. AVID has specific approved ____ TERM 32 Optical Disks DEFINITION 32 Written & read using a laser - never touches surface making it less prone to "head crashes" Have slower access speeds since their heads are about 10x as heavy as hard drive heads. DVD-RAM was a standard for multichannel audio recording in location sound situations (has been phasing out in favor of Flash Media). TERM 33 Flash Memory DEFINITION 33 a type ofElectrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). It has a grid of columns and rows with a cell that has two transistors at each intersection that are separated from each other by a thin oxide layer. Binary information is written via an electrical charge - which is then maintained. TERM 34 Flash Memory pt. 2 DEFINITION 34 non-volatile (like magnetic hard drives - retains information without power). Better resistance to movement (shock - bumping up and down). Fast since it erases a whole block at a time and rewrites it (instead of erasing and writing a byte at a time). ex. Memory cards for video game consoles. TERM 35 RECORDING AUDIO ONTO DISKS: RAM BUFFERING DEFINITION 35 a _____ is a place where data is temporarily stored until needed. ____ provides a means for the audio to be "stored" while the computer is figuring out which blocks to write the data to or read the data from the disk. Think of it as a hospital waiting room for data. ____ does not "stop" time or put a halt to output since the computer and drive can access information faster than is needed for "real-time" output.