IoT Document: Understanding the Internet of Things (IoT) and Its Applications, High school final essays of Computer science

Download IoT Document: Understanding the Internet of Things (IoT) and Its Applications and more High school final essays Computer science in PDF only on Docsity! ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things Submission date 24/08/2022 Date Received 1st submission 24/08/2022 Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Do Nguyen Huy Hoang Student ID GCH200184 Class GCH0906 Assessor name Le Ngoc Anh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2 UNIVERSITY of ° GREENWICH ssonen GET anton ‘BTEC  Task 1 – Review and evaluate about IoT aspects. 1. Review IoT functionality, standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs (P1-P2) Definition of IoT The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to- human or human-to-computer interaction. A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer data over a network. (Alexander S. Gillis, 2022) Figure 1. Internet of things How does IoT works? The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is made up of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors, and communication gear, to gather, send, and act on the data they get from their surroundings. By connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device, which either sends data to the cloud for analysis or analyzes it locally, IoT devices exchange the sensor data they collect. These gadgets converse with other similar devices on occasion, acting on the data they exchange. Although individuals can engage with the devices to set them up, give them instructions, or retrieve the data, the devices do the most of the job without their help. The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT can also make use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to aid in making data collecting processes easier and more dynamic. (Alexander S. Gillis, 2022) One of the many useful IoT examples, a smart grid, is a holistic solution that applies an extensive range of Information Technology resources that enable existing and new gridlines to reduce electricity waste and cost. A future smart grid improves the efficiency, reliability, and economics of electricity. (Jyotsna, 2022) UNIVERSITY of GREENWICH loT characteristics eon Connectivity Scale Heterogeneity Intelligence Definition of loT P Dynamic Sensing Nanine Security Figure 3. loT characteristics ‘BTEC  1. Connectivity Connectivity is an important requirement of the IoT infrastructure. Things of IoT should be connected to the IoT infrastructure. Anyone, anywhere, anytime can connect, this should be guaranteed at all times. For example, connection between people through internet devices like mobile phones, and other gadgets, also connection between Internet devices such as routers, gateways, sensors, etc. 2. Intelligence and Identity The extraction of knowledge from the generated data is very important. For example, a sensor generates data, but that data will only be useful if it is interpreted properly. Each IoT device has a unique identity. This identification is helpful in tracking the equipment and at times for querying its status. 3. Scalability The number of elements connected to the IoT zone is increasing day by day. Hence, an IoT setup should be capable of handling the massive expansion. The data generated as an outcome is enormous, and it should be handled appropriately. 4. Dynamic and Self-Adapting (Complexity) IoT devices should dynamically adapt themselves to the changing contexts and scenarios. Assume a camera meant for the surveillance. It should be adaptable to work in different conditions and different light situations (morning, afternoon, night). 5. Architecture IoT architecture cannot be homogeneous in nature. It should be hybrid, supporting different manufacturers ‘ products to function in the IoT network. IoT is not owned by anyone engineering branch. IoT is a reality when multiple domains come together. 6. Safety There is a danger of the sensitive personal details of the users getting compromised when all his/her devices are connected to the internet. This can cause a loss to the user. Hence, data security is the major challenge. Besides, the equipment involved is huge. IoT networks may also be at the risk. Therefore, equipment safety is also critical. (geeksforgeeks, 2022) >) UNIVERSITY of Pd ilies. “BT EC *e 4 - STAGE IOT ARCHITECTURE APPLICATION LAYER Smart Applications and Management DATA PROCESSING LAYER Process Processing Unit Information Data Analytics / Dicision unit Smart Applications NETWORK LAYER Internet Gateways/ Network Gateways Data Network Technologies Transmission (Data Acquisition System) SENSING LAYER Data Physical objects Gathering Sensors and actuators  Figure 4. Stage Iot Architecture • Sensing Layer: Sensors, actuators, devices are present in this Sensing layer. These Sensors or Actuators accepts data(physical/environmental parameters), processes data and emits data over network. • Network Layer: Internet/Network gateways, Data Acquisition System (DAS) are present in this layer. DAS performs data aggregation and conversion function (Collecting data and aggregating data then converting analog data of sensors to digital data etc). Advanced gateways which mainly opens up connection between Sensor networks and Internet also performs many basic gateway functionalities like malware protection, and filtering also some times decision making based on inputted data and data management services, etc. • Data processing Layer: This is processing unit of IoT ecosystem. Here data is analyzed and pre-processed before sending it to data center from where data is accessed by software applications often termed as business applications where data is monitored and managed and further actions are also prepared. So here Edge IT or edge analytics comes into picture. • Application Layer: This is last layer of 4 stages of IoT architecture. Data centers or cloud is management stage of data where data is managed and is used by end-user applications like agriculture, health care, aerospace, farming, defense, etc. (geeksforgeeks, 2020) IoT frameworks KAA IoT: Kaa IoT cloud platform is one the most efficient and rich open-source Internet of Things cloud platforms where anyone has a free way to materialize their smart product concepts. On this platform, you can manage an unlimited number of connected devices with cross-device interoperability. You can achieve real-time device monitoring with the possibility of remote device provisioning and configuration. It is one of the most flexible IoT platforms for your business which is fast, scalable, and modern. Figure 5.Kaa IoT MACCHINA.io: macchina.io IoT platforms provide a web-enabled, modular, and extensible JavaScript and C++ runtime environment for developing IoT gateway applications. It also supports a wide variety of sensors and connection technologies including Tinkerforge, bricklets, Xbee, and many others including accelerometers. This platform is able to develop and deploy device software for automotive telematics and V2X, building and home automation, industrial edge computing and IoT gateways, smart sensors, or energy management systems. Figure 8. Arduino 2. Flutter: Another hardware product for IoT solutions is Flutter — a programmable processor core. The board is based on Arduino, has a powerful ARM processor, built-in battery charging and a security chip. A long-range wireless transmitter makes this board the perfect fit for wireless networks of sensors. Figure 9. Flutter 3. Kinoma A group of software engineers from Marvell Technology, Inc., a leading manufacturer of memory devices, microcontrollers, telecom equipment and semiconductor devices, has developed a line of open-source Kinoma software and hardware products for the Internet of Things and embedded solutions. UNIVERSITY of GREENWICH ‘BT E Cc S Kinoma Figure 10. Kinoma UNIVERSITY # rd OB ane “BT E Cc ssonen GET anton ° Google Assistant SDK  Figure 12. Google assistant SDK Withings API Withings is a company focusing on the development of connected measuring devices, such as scales and blood pressure monitors, that can send health information directly to the internet. Withings Body metrics Services API (WBS API)Track this API is a set of webservices allowing developers and third parties limited access to users' data about activity, heart ECG (or EKG). sleep cylces, and more. Figure 13. Withings UNIVERSITY of ° GREENWICH ssonen GET anton ‘BTEC  Hardware NodemCU esp8266 NodeMCU is an open source platform based on ESP8266 which can connect objects and let data transfer using the Wi-Fi protocol. In addition, by providing some of the most important features of microcontrollers such as GPIO, PWM, ADC, and etc, it can solve many of the project’s needs alone. Advantage • Easy to use • Programmability with Arduino IDE or IUA languages • Available as an access point or station • practicable in Event-driven API applications • Having an internal antenna • Containing 13 GPIO pins, 10 PWM channels, I2C, SPI, ADC, UART, and 1-Wire UNO R3 Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC- to-DC adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.