Download Consumer Credit - Asset Managment - Lecture Slides and more Slides Management Fundamentals in PDF only on Docsity!
5A Consumer Credit #1
Credit — An arrangement to receive cash,
goods, or services now and pay for them in
the future.
Types of credit ???
Docsity.com
Objective 1 Analyze Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Consumer Credit • Credit – Based on trust in people’s ability and willingness to pay bills when due • Consumer Credit – Use of credit by individuals for personal needs, except a home mortgage – Dates back to colonial times; exploded after invention of cars (installment loans; traveling) – A major force in our economy 5-2 Docsity.com More Advantages of Credit • One monthly payment • Safer than carrying cash • Needed for hotel reservations, car rentals, and shopping online • Take advantage of “float” time/grace period • Rebates, airline miles, cash‐back rewards, or other “perks” • Credit indicates financial stability 5-5 Docsity.com Disadvantages of Consumer Credit • Temptation to overspend • Can create long‐term financial problems and slow progress toward financial goals • Potential loss of merchandise due to late or non‐payment • Ties up future income • Credit costs money ‐ more costly than paying with cash 5-6 Docsity.com Objective 2 Assess the Types & Sources of Consumer Credit Two Basic Types of Consumer Credit • Closed‐End Credit – One‐time loans for a specific purpose paid back in a specified period of time • Open‐End Credit – Use as needed until line of credit max reached 5-7 Examples of each? Docsity.com Sources of Consumer Credit Loans – Borrowing money with an agreement to repay, along with interest, within a certain amount of time (e.g., 3 years) • Inexpensive loans – Parents or family members • Medium‐priced loans – Commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and credit unions • Expensive loans – Finance and check cashing companies – Retailers (e.g., department store credit cards) – Bank credit cards and cash advances 5-10 Docsity.com Sources of Consumer Credit • Home Equity Loans – Loan based on home equity • Current market value of your home minus the amount you still owe on the mortgage – Interest is tax‐deductible – Should only be used for major purchases • Credit Cards – Average cardholder has > 9 credit cards – Convenience users vs. borrowers – Finance charge = total amount paid to use credit 5-11 Docsity.com Sources of Consumer Credit • Debit Cards – Debit cards electronically subtract money from savings or checking accounts – Most commonly used at ATMs – Widely accepted at stores also • Stored Value Cards – Gift cards – Prepaid cards 5-12 Docsity.com General Rules of Credit Capacity *Not including a house payment, which is a long-term liability Debt Payments-to-Income Ratio Monthly Debt Payments* Net Monthly Income Consumer credit payments should not exceed a maximum of 20% of your net income. 5-15 Docsity.com General Rules of Credit Capacity Debt To Equity Ratio Total Liabilities Net Worth* = Should be < 1 *Excluding home value 5-16 The lower the ratio, the better; e.g., 0.5 or 0.25 Docsity.com The Five C’s of Credit • Character ‐ Do you pay bills on time? • Capacity ‐ Can you repay the loan? • Capital ‐ What are your assets and net worth? • Collateral ‐ What assets do you have to secure the loan? • Conditions‐ Lenders will review how general economic conditions will affect your ability to repay your loan 5-17 Docsity.com Factors of Creditworthiness ECOA (Equal Credit Opportunity Act) – Gives all applicants the same rights. – Credit providers may not discriminate based on: • Age • Social Security or public assistance • Housing loans (redlining) – If you are denied credit, you have the right to know the reasons • You can request a copy of your credit report within 60 days if you are denied credit based on what is in your files 5-20 Docsity.com Your Credit Report • Credit Reports – Record of your complete credit history • Credit Bureaus – Agencies that collect information on how promptly people and businesses pay their bills – Experian, Trans Union and Equifax are the 3 major credit bureaus – Credit Bureaus obtain information from banks, finance companies stores, credit card companies and other lenders 5-21 Docsity.com Four Main Parts to a Credit Report • Identifying Information: name, SS Number, current/previous addresses, birthdate, employer • Public Record Information from Local Courthouse: liens, foreclosures, bankruptcy • Other Credit History Information: list of loans and credit cards, timeliness of payments, defaults and negative information (7 years) • Inquiries: Usually 2 years; self‐initiated and promotional (for marketing purposes) Docsity.com