Contemporary Arts of the Philippines - Lesson 1, Lecture notes of Visual Arts

Download Contemporary Arts of the Philippines - Lesson 1 and more Lecture notes Visual Arts in PDF only on Docsity! GAWAD SA MANLILIKHANG BAYAN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO PHILIPPINE ARTS In April 1992, the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures Award was institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7355. Tasked with the administration and implementation of the Award is the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), the highest policy-making and coordinating body for culture and the arts of the State. The NCCA, through the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Committee and an Ad Hoc Panel of Experts, conducts the search for the finest traditional artists of the land, adopts a program that will ensure the transfer of their skills to others and undertakes measures to promote a genuine appreciation of and instill pride among our people about the genius of the Manlilikha ng Bayan. This award is being conferred to Filipino artists who practice preservation and promotion of the nation’s traditional arts. As envisioned under R.A. 7355, "Manlilikha ng Bayan" shall mean a citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/her community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence. CRITERIA AND QUALIFICATIONS To become a Manlilikha ng Bayan, the candidate must satisfy the following minimum criteria: • Technical and creative skill – The candidate must possess a mastery of the tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an established reputation in the art as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality; • Artistic quality – The work of the candidate must be outstanding aesthetically, and he/she must have consistently produced over a significant period, works of superior quality; • Community tradition – The candidate must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to other members of the community, skills in the folk art for which the community has become nationally known. • Folk art tradition – The candidate must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years; and • Character and integrity – As a precious treasure of the country, the candidate must command the respect and admiration of the country for his character and integrity. However, a candidate who, due to age or infirmity, has left him/her/them incapable of teaching further his/her/their craft, may still be recognized provided that he/she/they must possess the qualifications enumerated above. AWARDS For the individual awardee: • The rank and title of Manlilikha ng Bayan, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines in accordance with Executive Order No. 236 or Honors Code of the Philippines; • The GAMABA gold-plated medallion minted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and citation; • A lifetime emolument and materials and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as o A minimum cash award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos (Php 200,000.00), net of taxes. o A minimum lifetime personal monthly stipend of Fifty Thousand Pesos (Php 50,000.00). o Medical and hospitalization benefits exceeding Php 750,000.00 per year • A state funeral, the arrangements for and the expenses of which shall be borne by the Government, upon the death of the Manlilikha ng Bayan; and • A place of honor, in line with protocol precedence, in state functions, national commemoration ceremonies and all other cultural presentations. For the group awardee: • The rank and title of Manlilikha ng Bayan, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines in accordance with Executive Order No. 236 or Honors Code of the Philippines; • The GAMABA plaque for the group; • A one-time award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos (Php 200,000.00), net of taxes; • The group shall designate its leader who will represent and attend events and functions on behalf of the group. The said representative will also have a place of honor, in line with protocol precedence, in state functions, national commemoration ceremonies and all other cultural presentations. RECIPIENT OF THE NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD OR THE GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN LITERATURE Ginaw Bilog Ginaw Bilog is a Hanunuo Mangyan poet from Mansalay, Mindoro who is an advocate of preserving the traditional form of his tribe called 'ambahan’. Ambahan is a kind of poem consisting of seven-syllable lines which most of the time contains messages of love and friendship. This poem is passed on from generation to generation using singing the lines or etching them on bamboo tubes. In the case of Ginaw Bilog, bekept the ambahan recorded both in bam boo tubes and old notebooks. He kept even the oldest ambahan passed on to him by his ancestors and promoted them to other Mangyans so as to preserve the oral tradition. Federico Caballero Federico Caballero is a Panay- Bukidnon epic chanter who preserved his community's oral tradition by tediously documenting epics of his ancestors that are in near danger of disappearance. These epics, which tell stories about mythical heroes and their marvelous adventures, reflects the rich cultural heritage of Panay- Bukid non Furthermore, Nong Pedring did not just document this folklores, but be chanted them as well and passed them to the younger generations. His mother and great great-grandmother were the ones who influenced him to be an epic chanter. MUSIC/DANCE Alonzo Saclag Alonzo Saclag is a master of dance and performing arts from Kalinga. He did not receive any formal education in performing arts but still he mastered the choreography and musical instruments of Kalinga just by observation and practice. Fueled by intense passion. he succeeded in keeping the treasured culture of Kalinga alive. He managed to convince them to convert the abandoned provincial capitol building into a museum that contains Kalinga artifacts including traditional musical instruments like the gangsa or the Kalinga gong. He also campaigned for the use of local costumes to school events and put up creative presentations that helped children to learn folk songs. He even proposed the broadcast of Kalinga folk songs in local radios. Furthermore, he established the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe to ensure that the music and dance of his ancestors are passed on to the younger generation. Samaon Sulaiman Samaon Sulaiman is a Maguindanaon musician from Mamasapano, Maguindanao. He is a master in playing the kutyapi, a two-stringed plucked lute. The kutyapi is one of themost difficult to master indigenous Filipino instrument, but Samaon Sulaiman was able to play it with grace and exemplary talent. He influenced and taught other community people to play the kutyapi as well which kept the playing of kutyapi alive in Mindanao. Masino Intaray Masino Intaray came from the indigenous community in southern Palawan called the Palawan. Intaray was a musician and a poet whose expertise were the basal, kulilal, and bagit. Basal is a kind of musical ensemble played during the tambilaw, a ritual of rice sharing among the Palawan people as an offering to the Lord of rice, and during the tinapay, a rice wine drinking ceremony. Basal is composed of the gimbal or tubular drum, sanang or pair of small gongs, and one to agungs or gongs with wide tunes. Non musical instruments like the stamping of feet or the percussion dance are also one of the components of the basal ensemble. Basa keeps the rituals and ceremonies of the Palawan people lively. Furthermore, Kulilal is a lyric poem about love being sung to the accompaniment of kudyapi, two- stringed lute, and pagang, bamboo zither. A man and a woman from the community play the kudyapi and pagang respectively. Also played with the accompaniment of kudyapi, bagit is an instrumental music reflecting the sound and movement of nature. Aside from those mentioned earlier, he also knows how to play the aroding, mouth harp, and the babarak, ring flute. Furthermore, Masino Intaray is a notable story-teller and epic chanter. For many nights, he chanted numerous epics, narratives, and myths of the Palawan Intaray was a true man of art who preserved the tradition, music, and culture of his people. Uwang Ahadas Uwang Ahadas is the exemplary musician of the Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan whose expertise dwell in playing the indigenous instrument called kwintangan kayu. This instrument is composed of five wooden logs of different sizes. arranged from shortest to longest, and hung horizontally. This is being played after the planting of rice to serenade the palay. The music coming from the kwintangan kayu is believed to cause bountiful harvest. Uwang Ahadas teaches his community people the skill of playing the kwintangan kayu to pre serve the indigenous music. He started at teaching his children and later on passes on his skills to people be beyond the borders of his community. Uwang Ahadas, despite having a defect in his eyesight and dimming vision, managed to preserve and promote the music of the Yakan even if it means tiresome traveling from places to places. WEAVING Darhata Sawabi Darhata Sawabi is a pis yabit weaver from Barangay Parang, Jolo, Sulu. Pis yabit is a square multi-colored traditional cloth that serves as the head cover of the Tausug of Jolo. Traditionally, it is used as clothing ornament or headdress of the Tausug men that symbolizes the wearer's rank in the society. However, in the contemporary period, even women wear the cloth as accessories in traditional functions. The weavers in her community considered her as an expert in weaving due to her well-crafted cloth with the remarkable intricacy of design and evenness of weave. Haja Amina Appi Haja Amina Appi is the master mat weaver of the Sama indigenous community from Ungos Matata, Tawi-tawi. Mat weaving is one of the treasured traditions of the Sama people. Their mat is made up of Pandan leaves which undergo tedious processes from stripping, to sun drying, to dyeing, up to weaving. It takes a lot of time, effort, and creativity to produce a mat. With her intense passion for the art of mat weaving, she produced unique and magnificent mats. Haja Amina's mat designs are complicated and creatively crafted with an interplay of hues. The traditional mat weaving of Sama will never be lost because Haja Amina already taught her female descendants the art of mat weaving. Like the other, national Living Treasure Awardees, she passionately preserved her people's traditional art. Lang Dulay Lang Dulay is a tnalak weaver from the indigenous community of the Tboli in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato Tnalak is a kind of fabric made up of fine abaca fibers waves with different designs which reflect the tradition of the Tboli. This cloth was once being murdered in exchange for horses but due to commercialization, the tnalak became popular and became the source of income of Tboli weavers. Many consumers demanded