CONTEMPORARY WORLD, GLOBALIZATION, GLOBAL GOVERNANCE, Slides of Earth science

Download CONTEMPORARY WORLD, GLOBALIZATION, GLOBAL GOVERNANCE and more Slides Earth science in PDF only on Docsity! MARKET INTEGRATION • It occurs when prices among different locations or related goods follow similar patterns over a long period of time. • Groups of goods often moved proportionally to each other and when this relation is very clear among different markets it is said that the markets are integrated. THE ROLE OF IFIs IN THE CREATION OF A GLOBAL ECONOMY • not just to help the damaged nations but also to provide mechanism for international cooperation in managing the global financing system. • IFIs offer financial support and professional advice for economic and social development in developing countries • provide refined analysis and effective financing to address various global issues especially those related to global economy SHORT HISTORY OF GLOBAL MARKET INTEGRATION • 19th Century • The marine steam engine and railroad locomotive revolutionized world transport from the 1830s onwards • Telegraph systems were installed in most countries • In 1869, the Opening of Suez Canal • The rise of Free Trade stimulated market integration in 1946 • 20th Century • elimination of artificial barriers to trade such as tariffs, reduced cost of transport, and the drop in cost of international transactions. THE ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CORPORATION • Global Corportion is a bussiness that operates in two or more nations. The contemporary global corporation is simultaneously and usually referred to either as • multinational companies • transnational companies • international companies • global company • They have common characterisrics which are based on formalization, specialization an centralization Globalization of supply base • It deals with the extent to which a company sources from various locations and has located and has located chief parts of the supply chain in optimal locations aroundthe globe. For instance, Caterpillar serves customer in about 200 countries worldwide, manufacturers are 24 of them, and maintain research development fascilities in nine. Globalization of the capital base • This dimension measures the degree to which a corporation has globalized its financial structure. This deals with issues such as on what exchanges the company’s shares are listed, where it attracts operating capital, where it pays taxes, how it finances growth and aquisitions, and how it repatriates profits. The Globalization of the corporate mind-set • This refers to a company’s capacity to cope with diverse cultures. Companie with an increasingly global mind-set include GE, Nestle, Procter & Gamble. Their Businesses are operated on a global basis, top management is progressively international, and new ideas customarily from all parts of the world. TODAY’S OBJECTIVES at the end of the lesson, students will able to: a) explain global Interstate system and its division b) identify the effects of globalization to government using a concept map: and c) accept or criticize the effects of globalization on government INTER + STATE ¥ + BETWEEN, “Estado” AMONG an DEFINING STATE “States are independent political communities each of which possesses a government and assert sovereignty in relation to a particular portion of the earth’s surface and a particular segment of the human population” Hedley Bull DEFINING INTERSTATE “a system of unequally powerful and competing states in which no single state is capable of imposing control on all others. These states are in interaction with one another in a set of shifting alliance and wars and changes in relative power of states upsets any temporary set of alliances, leading to restructuring of balance of power” Chase-Dunn DEFINING SYSTEM (in international relation) • In the context of the global interstate system, system fundamentally refers to interactions by various political entities,but mostly states. Today, the system is virtually global (though it is admitted that some parts of the globe did not know of other parts,much less interact). DEFINING INTERSTATE SYSTEM • The modern world-system is structured politically as an interstate system – a system of competing and allying states. Political Scientists commonly call this the international system, and it is the main focus of the field of International Relations INTERSOCIETAL RELATIONS • refer to those authoritative actions, understandings, or commitments of the authorities of groups within one state with those groups or citizens of another state • Examples include companies selling goods or services to the citizens of other states, contacts between foreign firms, or a company contracting with a foreign firm INTERSOCIETAL RELATIONS • also refer to those relations within groups whose membership and organizations transcend states. • This type includes multinational corporations with foreign subsidiaries,international professional associations, and centrally-administered international religions like the Catholic Church and the Iglesia ni Cristo from the Philippines. INTERSTATE RELATION • "authoritative actions,understandings, or commitments of the governmental authorities, that is, the leaders,of one state to or with,the governmental authorities of another state or its groups or citizens, either bilaterally or through international organizations" pet OOM Rae a IN A HIGHLY GLOBALIZED WORLD, IS See ete Ss See ACHIEVABLE? THE REALITY As the world becomes more interconnected through politics, trade, and communications, the role of states and governments are also shifting. Thus, national and local policies are not only J based on local context but also international and global realities. ~~ FF. e vo & ZS 4X <a K\ Y EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON GOVERNMENTS Maen "government matters less and less in a global economy. Nation-states are simply other actors on the global stage rather than its directors" Osland, 2003 “aggressive global production systems and capital markets now occupy the 'commanding heights' of global development, forcing governments on the defensive and pressuring them to deregulate, downsize, and privatize many of the social management functions they assumed during the past century” (Yergin and Stanislaw, 2000) POSITIVE EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION TO GOVERNMENT • increased economic development benefits some governments; • increased jobs and expanded infrastructure benefit some countries;. • transfer of modern management techniques into business sector; • greater interdependence among trading and investment partners may deter war;and • proliferation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to counter-balance decreased governmental power. EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON GOVERI Abas Mohammad Abo Gazleh (2001), the POSITIVE EFFECTS brought about globalization Fo COMMUNICATIONS Subscribers and users of the internet are remarkably increasing tia EDUCATION Easy access of ideas and information from best libraries around the globe aae MEDIA COVERAGE Awareness of issues on health, gender, environment, and inequality oe ay °, CULTURE Clear and deeper understanding of the different communities that leads to sympathy and demonstrations with one another a RESOURCES Growing interdependence among countries as countries need natural and human resources and capital Ww Core countries flow investment to semi- peripheral countries which pushes up the reserve of foreign exchange fall Ee COMPETITION Global and local corporations improved their products and services to compete globally EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON GOVER| Aaa Mohammad Abo Gazleh (2001), the NEGATIVE EFFECTS brought about globalization of mY CULTURE Challenge to culture and language. Language wipes out and reshapes sense of identity of many individuals, especially the migrants. ® DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Corporations have tendency to cause damage to the environment. The global pillage instead of global village. Widens the gap between rich and poor. * * RELIGION Religious values lose their influence on people’s behaviors due to the promotion of pure secular values. ats MORALS People wasting a lot of time on the internet for unnecessary purposes. Due to lack to parental guidance, a lot of criminalities have emerged in the present times. S . INTERNATIONAL POLITICS Countries are individualistic and tries to defend their own national interests globally. ECONOMY Countries economies collapsed due to the emergence of global corporations that offer cheaper products and services. The emergence of electronic trade and online businesses SCIENCE The new scientific revolutions in many fields. The Genetically modified organisms (GMO) and cloning emerged. QUESTION TO THINK ABOUT: • How could a local government balance improved economic performance and participation in Global Economic Scene without sacrificing local, social and environmental well-being? Are local governments heavily influenced by powerful corporate entities? Point Value Participates actively. Participates in group. Sometimes participates | Participates minimally. Helps direct the group Shows concern for in group. Shows a little concern for in setting goals. goals. Participates in Shows concern for some | goals. Helps direct group in goal setting. goals. Watches but doesn't participate meeting goals. Participates in meeting | Participates marginally | in goal setting. Participation Thoroughly completes —_| goals. in goal setting. Completes assigned tasks late assigned tasks. Completes assigned Participates in meeting | or turns in work incomplete. Actively participates in tasks. goals. Completes some helping the group work | Demonstrates effortto | assigned tasks. together better. help the group work together. Shares many ideas Freely shares ideas. Shares ideas when Does not share ideas. related to the goals. Listens to others. encouraged. Watches but does not contribute Encourages all group Considers other Allows sharing by all to discussions. membersto share their | people's feelings and group members. Does not show consideration for - : ideas. ideas. Listens to others. others, Communication Listens attentively to Considers other people's others. feelings and ideas. Empathetic to other people's feelings and ideas. QUESTION TO THINK ABOUT: • How would you accept or criticize the effects of globalization to our government? • What do you think about the effects of globalization to government? please share your observation.. EVALUATION en ROLES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS • promotes successful trade policies between nations • encourages travel related to business, tourism, and immigration, providing people with opportunities to enhance their lives • allows nations to cooperate with one another, pool resources, and share information as a way to face global issues that go beyond any particular country or region. Contemporary global issues include pandemics, terrorism, and the environment ROLES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS • advances human culture through cultural exchanges, diplomacy, and policy development The practice of international relations is significant in a wide range of settings.Some examples include • Hummanitarian Organization • Government Agencies • International Corporations • Media Outlets • Research centers • Intergovernmental Organization • International Communications • Institutions that govern international relations such as international organizations are established and expected to provide solutions whenever governments encounter transnational challenges. These include financial market instability, trade protectionism, sovereign debt crises, international and civil wars, humanitarian emergencies, flows of refugees, outbreaks of infectious diseases, climate change,and the development of poor nations. TWO TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION • International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) • Intergovernmental organizations, also known as international governmental organizations (IGOs) International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) • These are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally. Their members are associations or individuals. Intergovernmental organizations (World Trade Organization, United Nations, NATO, OPEC) sen Can Philippines stand on its own without the help of international institution/organization? Explain. INTERNATIONALISM VS GLOBALISM en ACTIVITY • Choose an Organization that governs International Relation • Give at least 1 global issue and cite some recommendation to address it • present your activity through role play EVALUATION en GENERALIZATION • What are the purposes of international affairs to contemporary society? Whatare their roles? • What are the 2 types of international organization?