Contemporary World lesson 10, Lecture notes of Contemporary Literature

Download Contemporary World lesson 10 and more Lecture notes Contemporary Literature in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter X Revisiting Philippine History in the Light of Global Governance and Global Interstate System Manuscript Intended for: Student Modality: Blended/Flexible Learning Module No./Subject: 10, Contemporary World Allotted time: 3 hours, 10" week I. Learning Outcomes This lesson intends to prepare students to: 1. Explain the effects of globalization on governments; 2. Identify institutions that govern international relations; 3. Identify the challenges of global governance in the twenty-first (21*) century; and 4. Identify the functions of the United Nations. IL Learning Management System Lesson 1: Suggested Activity/Activities Activity 1- National Land Use Act Ask them about their personal view regarding the man versus man conflict in the Filipino film entitled “”? Make sure that in facilitating this topic you are equip with important concepts because this is quite sensitive but too sensible to discuss because this concern has to be addressed accurately. National Land Use Act and Corruption in government are the two (2) main issues laid down. Connect these with the government policy being initiated by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, that is, concern regarding oligarchy in Philippine Society. In his 2019 State of the Nation Address (SONA) last July 22, 2019 these were emphasized. The Philippines will have a better chance in developing national patrimony if there will be a law that will define how national land will be used accordingly. The issuance of such legislative agendum showcases how federalism would help a lot because land mapping definitely if pursued nationwide would spell the difference. Challenge all of students to critically think giving them all opportunities to narrate own experiences that probably will resonate helping them to revisit pages of Philippine history. Inform them that government efforts are ready but still in need of political push from majority Filipinos to legitimize valid claims. National identity has to be defined in every details to ensure success in implementation. Assure them that inclusive growth is possible if everyone would work collectively. Activity 2- Allow those students who presently had girlfriends to raise their hands. Ask them politely how many have been in loved with them. Allow them to engage in a very titillating discussion but such should be confined with decency and propriety. Please note that gender and development has to be facilitated which could establish rapport and with sense of respect. Explain the term “national pride”. In line with this, be wholesome in telling that “love” isn’t Love if one who experienced it does not accept the pain and joy it brings. A person in loved has to be proud of whatever lessons he/she learned from it. Emphasized that since all of them are still young just wait for the right time and the right man or woman God has planned for her or him. At this stage, inform all of them that our national hero: the great Malayan race had twenty-two (22) women. He being a linguistic could speak in 22 iv languages. This unique ability was oprHALMOLOGIST [Wf ACTOR _— attested by his Austrian friend, Dr. BUSINESSMAN ESSAYIST . . * . M sociotocst uncmsr Ferdinand Blumentritt. His unique @ arcuvect Mf Musi ability to communicate effectively using the native tongue of whom he was talking made it possible for him to become more attractive to women. Challenge some students to react ; after knowing that Dr. Rizal had 22 ‘wwww.pinterest.ph/pin/488710997039518837/ ~~ women. Ask if such truth they learned diminishes the national pride contributed by Dr. Rizal to the Philippines? Inform them that the subject: Readings in Philippine History will enlighten them how to revisit our history as a people. ( journaist Lesson 2: Integration Topic 1-Philippine government after three (3) decades and for (4) years After the 1986 People’s Power Revolution also known as EDSA Revolution, a group of Filipino technocrat mostly nationalist joined government with sacred desire to effect change in government system. Advocating the popularized dictum espoused by the late Senator Ninoy Aquino, Jr., that is, Filipinos are worth dying for, they introduced: transparency, accountability and efficiency in government instrumentalities. In their first three (3) years they already accepted that a total overhaul was necessary and that a six-year term of a sitting president was not enough to reform the overall system especially if remnants of the former authoritarian rule was subsisting. Despite numerous barriers, reforms were instituted which up to this present time is being perfected. The fervor to continue what they had started continued during the Philippines 2000 under President Fidel V. Ramos. The first draft of the Philippine Development Plan 1992- 1998 had been implemented where our gross domestic product (GDP) grew about 7.2% which the whole Asia Pacific region had recognized. In the government bureaucracy they instituted the Organization Performance Indicators Framework (OPIF) which dreamt of imbedding quality, quantity, and timeliness in government operations. Angat Pinoy 2004 of President Joseph E. aimed at negotiating response to a problem that affect more than one state. Global governance is one of the most influencing tools for globalization. Lesson 5: Discussion Proper Topic 1- IMF and World Bank After 1945 the essence of global governance was realized. States started to accept importance of global trade and beginning to understand the necessity of networking with global organizations to achieve desired development for their countries. International Financial Institutions (IFIs) established by United Nations like International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) are at the forefront. Formation of regional organizations are widely recognized. Multinational corporations existed to purposely spread opportunities to those developing countries. Political experts and economic managers, however, argued that it seems underdeveloped or poor countries tend to provide for developed countries rather than earn and grow on their own. Dictatorial governments existed in the past were replete of problems about graft practices and corruptions in governance. While efforts to distribute wealth to alleviate poverty was in essence being propagated political elites amassed huge amount to established own dynasty. Here lies the challenge for contemporary world students to make a difference at this point. Topic 2- Factors behind the emergence of global governance 1. Declining power of nation states. 2. Vast flow of all sorts of things through border of nation-states. 3. Mass migration of people and their entry into various nation-states. 4. Increase of criminal elements. 5. Horrendous events within nation-states. 6. Global problems. 7. Global financial problems and panic. Topic 3- Effects of globalization to governments One of the key aspects of state sovereignty is that the government has the complete authority to act on behalf of the state and other countries can not intervene with its affairs. This is the main reason why international recognition of all countries to a newly established government especially those begotten by civil wars or political turmoil is quite very important. Elections provide leadership of the state. But true to all developing countries, since political divide subsists even after leadership had consummated and installed, great leaders suffered lots of sacrifices to just prove of his worth. Government is a group of people who have ultimate authority to act on behalf of a state. Each state has its own right to self-determination. Every state has inherent right to protect itself. Other countries have no right to intervene in the internal and external affairs of one country. Each state is autonomous unto itself and responsible within its own system of government which emanated from the sovereign act of the governed. Globalization enters during extra-ordinary reasons which ensure that development efforts have been followed so as not to waste financial grants and/or loans given or awarded to such country. The decisions, the conflict, and the resolution of that conflict are done through the institutions of government established and codified in that particular state, whether or not through elections. This situation can be best illustrated by the conflict between present dispensation and water distribution concessionaire regarding contracts entered into by previous government which had been found disadvantageous to Filipino people especially those in Metropolitan Manila Areas. Government used its inherent power to protect and defend sovereign rights of the people. Abused in power most of the times hinder full development because of whimsical ideas of some capitalists who sucked bloods even of poor people. Topic 4- Global economics Global economy demands the states to conform to the rules of free-market capitalism. This is why Covid-19 pandemic in a way could alter decisions to revisit present global set-up if globalization is not just a form of colonization. In this way mutual-benefits must stay but global economics should provide much clearer path toward realization of the so-called pure capitalism which mandated equality and fair-play. Government austerity comes from the developments of organizations that cooperate across countries such as WTO and regional agreements such as, NAFTA, the European Union (UE), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). United Nations, the International Court of Justice, and NATO are several organizations that governments of countries around the world and individuals participate in. It is only through globalization that people, services, and goods get to move freely across the world, in a manner that is linked and smooth. In this time of Covid-19 pandemic countries all over the world were pressured to close their borders for containment to prevent further spread of the dreaded virus. United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada follow suit. Lockdown as purposeful action emerged as a norm and a mechanism to regulate movements for common good. Such immediate response transcends national boundaries. Other countries like Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, and Australia first recovered. Citizens became cooperative with government which led them to overcome the situation very fast. Right dosage of discipline plus strict adherence to authorities served as right formula. Topic 5- Institutions that govern international relation The world system perspective which emerged during the world’s revolution in 1968 and the people from the third world were seen as direct target for further development. Global laws which originated from institutions that governed international relations made it possible to ensure global peace which bind countries in disputes, hence, bring interconnectivity between countries. The following institutions helped shape humanity: 1. United Nations. UN was coined by the former US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and was established on the 24" day of October, 1945. Fifty-one (51) countries committed in maintaining international peace and security after the Second World War. UN was the successor of the League of nations established after WW 1. UN have 193 members as of 2018. At present, Antonio Guterres of Portugal was recognized as Secretary-General appointed by the General Assembly. On our end, Ambassador Carlos P. Romulo once served as UN Secretary-General. 2. Regional Commissions. Regional commissions play a very significant role in promoting sustainable development in their respective regions. Composed of group of officials in-charged in policy making along areas of economy, science, technology, laws, and social fields like protection of human rights their offices monitor, analyzes, draft reports and provide recommendations to the commission on global substantive deliberations and legislative processes. Regional Commissions includes: 2.1 Economic Commissions for Africa (ECA) 2.2 Economic Commissions for Europe (ECE) 2.3 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) 2.4 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) 2.5 Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) 3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It provides unique link between the continents, enabling them to consult and cooperate in the field of defense and security and conduct multi- national crisis management operations together. It is an international alliance consisting of 29 member-states from the North America and Europe. NATO’s primary purpose is to defend member nations from threats from communist countries. It is an intergovernmental military alliance. The founding members are Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, United Kingdom and United States. 4. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Is a three (3) country accord negotiated by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and United States. NAFTA was established in 1994 with a purpose of removing barriers to the exchange of goods and services among the three countries. 5. International Court of Justice (ICJ). Known as the world’s court was established in 1945 as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. ICJ has two (2) functions: first, to settle disagreements with international law and legal disputes submitted by states and to give advisory on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies. It is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year term of office by the General Assembly and the Security Council. 6. Red Cross. A leading non-governmental organizations (NGOs) which provides emergency relief such as food, water, and medical supplies. It monitors treatment of prisoners of wars, those who were wounded during wars. International Red Cross Headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland. Topic 6- Roles and Functions of UN 1. Maintaining peace and building friendship among states. 2. provide forum where countries could gather and discuss global issues through General Assembly. 3. Reduction of global inequality in terms of economic issues. 4. Managing the planet to solve environmental global problems. 5. Promote higher standards of living, full employment, and economic or social progress. 6. Strengthen democracy; promotes transparency. 7. Prevent conflict, helping parties in conflict to make peace, and create conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. Topic 7- Challenges of Global Governance in the 21 Century 1. Wealth Distribution- difference of income between the rich and the poor caused tension in society and global governance. 2. Human Health. Health care- associated infections like Covid-19. World faces a longer term challenge, that is, a public health workforce that is truly effective in the 21* century. 3. Addiction. Ilegal drugs proliferate especially in poor countries. Poverty stricken communities are most vulnerable due to insufficiency of foods, unemployment and high population density.