CONTENTS, Lecture notes of French

Download CONTENTS and more Lecture notes French in PDF only on Docsity! Introduction .....................................................................................v How the exam is marked ..........................................................................................v Time management ...................................................................................................vi 1. Oral Exam (Épreuve orale) .......................................................... 1 Format ......................................................................................................................1 Preparing for the Oral Exam .....................................................................................1 Pronunciation ..........................................................................................................2 Content ...................................................................................................................6 Optional vocabulary ..................................................................................................7 Sample conversations ...............................................................................................9 Examiner’s report ....................................................................................................14 Typical subjects .......................................................................................................17 Document ..............................................................................................................30 Examiner’s report on the document .......................................................................39 2. Listening Comprehension (Épreuve aurale) ............................ 41 Sample listening comprehension 1 ..........................................................................42 Sample listening comprehension 2 .........................................................................44 Sample listening comprehension 3 .........................................................................47 Sample listening comprehension 4 .........................................................................49 3. Reading Comprehension (Compréhension écrite) .................. 52 Sample journalistic comprehension questions ..........................................................54 Sample literary comprehension questions ................................................................70 4. Written Expression (Production écrite) .................................... 78 Format ....................................................................................................................78 Checklist for the Written Expression section ............................................................79 CONTENTS 00 LSMS French LC HL prelimsCL.indd 3 29/07/2019 13:53 Writing tips .............................................................................................................82 Vocabulary ............................................................................................................84 Samples of opinion writing (Questions 1, 3, 4) ........................................................86 Question 1 sample answers ....................................................................................93 5. Question 2 ................................................................................ 100 Diary entry .....................................................................................................100 Diary entry sample answers ............................................................................100 Informal letter or email ...................................................................................107 Informal letter or email sample answers .........................................................115 Formal letter ..................................................................................................124 Formal letter sample answers .........................................................................130 6. Questions 3 and 4 .................................................................... 135 Questions 3 and 4 sample answers .................................................................140 7. Grammar Revision ................................................................... 151 Terminology ...................................................................................................151 Grammar .......................................................................................................154 8. Appendix .................................................................................. 179 Sample listening comprehension transcripts ..........................................................179 Solutions to sample listening comprehensions .......................................................189 Solutions to sample journalistic comprehension questions .....................................193 Solutions to sample literary comprehension questions ...........................................197 Verb tables ...........................................................................................................200 Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................208 iv 00 LSMS French LC HL prelimsCL.indd 4 29/07/2019 13:53 Listening Comprehension (Épreuve aurale) 2 l To prepare for the aural exam by listening to spoken French. l To enable you to answer questions on what you have heard. l To learn the relevant vocabulary for the Listening Comprehension. Before the exam: l Practise listening to French speakers as much as possible. You could also tune in to French radio or watch TV5 and French films. l Keep a small notebook to jot down vocabulary relating to different topics that appear in the trial CDs used in class during the year. This ‘carnet de vocabulaire’ would also be useful for the opinion / reaction questions. l Learn basic vocabulary, e.g. numbers, weather, emotions, occupations and adjectives. A considerable percentage of answers relate to numbers (numbers killed, number of years, prices of goods, etc.). l Listen to a French film or radio show on the morning of the French exam to attune your ear to the language. During the exam: l The supervisor must give you 5 minutes before starting the CD to read the questions and instructions. Use this time fully and sensibly. Avoid the temptation to look around at your classmates. This will make you more nervous! l Note also the number of times that a section will be played. It’s usually three times for Sections I to IV but twice for Section V. l All students have a tendency to write down answers while the CD is still playing. However, while you’re writing, the CD continues and so you won’t hear the rest of the text. Instead, write answers during the gaps on the CD. l If you don’t know the answer to a question, at least guess! A blank line earns a zero. l Always read the questions before listening to the CD. This way, you will know what to expect in terms of vocabulary and content. l You can write two answers on the same line (unlike in the Reading Comprehension, where they are marked as one). l If you have to change an answer, make it very clear to the examiner. Percentage = 20% Marks = 80 Time = 40 minutes 01-02 FrenchLCHL 2019_CL.indd 41 29/07/2019 13:53 Sample listening comprehension 1 Transcripts and solutions are on pp. 179–181 and 189–190. Section I You will hear a report on an incident concerning a young baby. 1. (i) On what date did this incident occur? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) What was the exact sentence handed down to Éric Allarousse? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. (i) At whose house was Éric intending to stop on the way to work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) What did he witness on the way? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. (i) What had Éric forgotten? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) What does the passage say about the relative body heat of adults and children? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . un accrochage a fender-bender, bump, collision Vocabulary Section II Listen to an interview with Erik Orsenna, writer and member of the French Academy, on the subject of the world’s water supply. 1. (i) Mention two examples of hardship in certain countries, according to Erik Orsenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Give two causes for the water crisis facing these countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) How does meat production affect the demand for water? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. According to Erik, how do the supplies of water and oil differ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Track 20 Track 21 LESS STRESS MORE SUCCESS42 01-02 FrenchLCHL 2019_CL.indd 42 29/07/2019 13:53 One comprehension is likely to be a journalistic passage, with perhaps more modern language. The other comprehension is usually a literary piece, taken from a novel. It is likely to contain the ‘passé simple’, conversations and subjunctives. There is often some descriptive material. Percentage = 30% Marks = 120 (2 × 60) Time = 1 hour (2 × 30 minutes) IMPROVE YOUR MARKS 1 If you have time, underline the various question words: e.g. que, qu’est-ce que, quand, depuis combien de temps, pourquoi? (what, what, when, since when, why?) Certain phrases are very common: Relevez dans la première section … Find in the first section … Trouvez dans la deuxième section … Find in the second section … Citez dans la troisième section … Quote from the third section … Selon / d’après la quatrième section … According to the fourth section … la raison pour laquelle … the reason why … l’expression qui montre que … the expression that shows that … la phrase qui signifie … the sentence that means … le mot qui veut dire … the word that means … 2 In the above cases, you are only asked to write down the relevant material directly from the text – but accurately! Do not write a whole sentence or paragraph just because it contains the information that you want. For example, if you are asked to find the number of people that a business employs in this sentence: Reading Comprehension (Compréhension écrite) 3 l To understand what you are being asked to do for the Reading Comprehension section of the exam. l To show you how to answer in the required way. l To give you practice in dealing with a variety of texts in French. 03-04 FrenchLCHL 2019 CL_.indd 52 29/07/2019 13:55 Sample journalistic comprehension questions Solutions can be found on pp. 193–197. 1. (i) Selon la première section, pourquoi est-ce que les jeunes se manifestent ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Pourquoi est-ce qu’Anna critique l’Espagne ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Dans la première section, pourquoi est-ce que La Catalonie a aboli la corrida (bull fighting) ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Mentionnez deux choses (première section) que les Catalans feraient différemment s’ils avaient l’indépendance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Selon la deuxième section, depuis les années soixante-dix, les Catalans jouissent d’une certaine indépendance. Donnez deux exemples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. (i) Trouvez un exemple d’adjectif singulier au féminin dans la deuxième section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Selon la troisième section, citez deux choses pour lesquelles Marc n’est pas optimiste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Do you think that Catalonia would be any different if it achieved independence? Give two reasons from the text. (50 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . READING COMPREHENSION (COMPRÉHENSION ÉCRITE) 55 03-04 FrenchLCHL 2019 CL_.indd 55 29/07/2019 13:55 The written section is arguably the most difficult part of the whole Leaving Certificate exam, and students generally score lower marks in it than in the written comprehension, oral and aural. Comprehension is easier because the main skill involved is recognition; in written expression, you must recall vocabulary and expressions, and then create grammatically correct French sentences. Format l In this section of the exam, you must produce your own ideas in French. l You must answer three questions – Question 1 (which is compulsory) and two of Questions 2, 3 and 4. l For Question 1, you are expected to write about 90 words. The other two questions require about 75 words each. l Question 1 relates to the Journalistic and Literary Comprehensions. You are most likely to be asked to write an opinion based on the theme of the Comprehension that you just answered, but relating to your own experience. l You must answer one of the two questions within Question 1. l Questions 2, 3 and 4 offer you a choice of two assignments each. You must complete one assignment from each of two sections. l Question 2 includes two of the following: (a) diary entry (b) informal letter or email (c) formal letter. Percentage = 25% Marks = 100 (40 + 30 + 30) Time = 90 minutes (30 + 25 + 25 + 10-minute check) l To prepare for the Written Expression section of the exam by understanding what each of the different writing tasks entails. l To learn the important phrases you will need. l To practise writing clear, correct French. Written Expression (Production écrite) 4 03-04 FrenchLCHL 2019 CL_.indd 78 29/07/2019 13:55 l Question 3 asks you to give your reaction to (your opinion on): (a) a quotation by a young person; or (b) an illustration, e.g. a graph / chart. l Question 4 requires you to react to one of the following: (a) a short prose article; or (b) a chart; or (c) information in tables; or (d) a photo or picture. Question 2 Each of the points asked must be dealt with. Some development is required, but not all the points have to be developed to the same extent. If you leave out any of the points, your marks for communication and language will be reduced proportionately. For example, if you leave out one of four points asked, then you automatically lose 25% of the marks for that question. Marks Diary entry Communication: 15 marks Language: 15 marks Letter Layout: 6 marks Fulfilling communicative tasks: 12 marks Language: 12 marks Letter layout Top of page (addresses, date, etc.): 3 marks Opening (e.g. ‘Monsieur’) and signing off: 3 marks Questions 3 and 4 (a) and (b) Communication: 15 marks Language: 15 marks The following are accepted for the letter opening: • Monsieur le directeur • Madame • Madame la directrice • Monsieur / Madame Checklist for the Written Expression section This point cannot be stressed enough – allow a few minutes at the end of the exam to check your answers, particularly the written section. We all make mistakes when writing in our mother tongue, English, so why not in French? WRITTEN COMPREHENSION (PRODUCTION ÉCRITE) 79 03-04 FrenchLCHL 2019 CL_.indd 79 29/07/2019 13:55 l Then, to continue: Il s’agit d’honnêteté. It’s a question of / has to do with honesty. Il y a ceux qui croient que … There are those who think that … Le fléau de la drogue est devenu plus répandu. The scourge of drugs has become more widespread. Je doute que ce soit vrai. I doubt that that is true. l In conclusion: Pour conclure … To conclude … Tout compte fait, je doute que cela se produise. All things considered, I doubt that it will happen. Il faut que les pouvoirs publics fassent quelque chose. The authorities must do something. Writing tips l It is a good idea to answer the comprehension questions first. These questions carry a significant percentage of the marks (30% of the total). As you are required to recognise text and understand the general meaning of it, it is not too difficult to locate the relevant areas where you may find the answers. By leaving the difficult written section until last, you should then feel a lot less pressure when answering it. l Another advantage of answering the comprehension section first is that, by reading so much French, your mind will be ‘switched on’ to the language. Vocabulary and phrases should be easier to recall. l There is nothing wrong with using some material that you have learned off by heart – provided it is used properly – but you should avoid learning long passages off by heart. These are obvious to the examiner, and do not earn many marks. Moreover, it is unlikely that the exact title or theme that you have learned by heart will appear on the exam paper. l Decide what you want to say before you start writing. What is your view? Then try to remember the necessary vocabulary to help you argue your point. l Don’t overcomplicate your vocabulary or sentence structures, as you are more likely to make mistakes. l Keep your sentences – and answers – short. There is no penalty for writing more than seventy-five words, but you are likely to make more mistakes the more you write. This section is difficult for two main reasons: l You are thinking in English and translating your thoughts into French. l Finding words is hard enough, but you must also know how to convert them into the style, idiom and grammar of French. LESS STRESS MORE SUCCESS82 03-04 FrenchLCHL 2019 CL_.indd 82 29/07/2019 13:56 Terminology There is always a grammar question in each of the comprehensions. You are usually asked to give an example of a verb, pronoun or adjective. It’s important to know the French terms for them. Nouns, adjectives and pronouns l Le nom, le substantif (noun; thing, place or person): Le stylo, la fille, la voiture. l L’adjectif (adjective – word which describes a noun): Le ciel bleu, une ville surpeuplée, une rue étroite. l L’adjectif possessif (possessive adjective – ‘my, your’, etc.): Mon frère, tes livres. l L’adjectif interrogatif (interrogative adjective): Quels romans lisez-vous ? What novels do you read? l Le pronom personnel (personal pronoun): Il parle allemand. He speaks German. l Le pronom interrogatif (interrogative pronoun): Qui a téléphoné ? Who phoned? l Le pronom relatif (relative pronoun, e.g. ‘that, which’): Où est la valise que j’ai laissée ici ? Where is the suitcase that I left here? l Le pronom réfléchi (reflexive pronoun, e.g. ‘herself’, when an action is done to oneself): Elle se dépêche, je me lave, nous nous amusons. l Le pronom démonstratif (demonstrative pronoun – made up of the demonstrative adjective ‘ce’ + a noun): Celle que vous voyez. The one which you see. Ceux qui me connaissent. Those who know me. Grammar Revision7 l To revise your basic knowledge of adjectives and adverbs and how to make them agree. l To know the different verb tenses and endings. l To have a good knowledge of nouns, pronouns and prepositions. l To practise what you have learned through a variety of revision exercises. 07-08 FrenchLCHL 2019_CL.indd 151 29/07/2019 13:57