COS20015 - Technology in Indigenous Context, Assignments of Computer Science

Download COS20015 - Technology in Indigenous Context and more Assignments Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 1 Tracking Man-Made Trash in Phan Thiet Using IoT Technology Ky Anh Nguyen Swinburne University of Technology Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ky Anh Nguyen, Swinburne University of Technology, 105103551@student.swin.edu.au COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 2 Abstract The once-pristine coast of Binh Thuan often becomes littered with trash after the rain. Even without the rain, trash from the ocean periodically washes ashore. While the problem is partly due to a lack of public awareness, the absence of information about the origin of the trash also hinders clean-up efforts. This paper proposes a solution to track the displacement of man-made trash using IoT technology. COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 5 environmental impact on the coastal areas. The deployment strategy ensures comprehensive coverage, allowing us to monitor and analyze the dynamics of trash movement under different environmental conditions. Design Specification Figure 2 Design Specification of the IoT Device • Antenna: For data transmission. • Solar cell: For self-powering the device. • Ballast: To ensure stability in water. • Processing unit: To handle data collection and transmission. COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 6 User flow Figure 3 How the device interact with uers Hardware Requirements First, the device should also behave like a “real” piece of marine litter when discharged into the environment. Secondly, the device should be able to withstand impacts and water leakage since it will contain many electronic components inside. Thirdly, the material should be easy to find and construct, as well as being reusable since we aim to replicate this model at other coastal regions with similar problems. Finally, the container for the device should be big enough to house a solar cell and other smaller components. Software Requirements The device’s software requirements include the capacity to collect environmental data including position coordinates, temperature, and movement patterns. This data must COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 7 be kept locally to avoid loss during power outages or connectivity concerns. Furthermore, the device should be able to transmit acquired data to researchers in real time or at predetermined intervals using dependable communication technologies such as cellular or satellite. Effective power management is also essential, with the system monitoring and optimizing power use to extend battery life and ensure efficient solar cell utilization. Figure 4 Example of a container used for the project Device Construction Our team has used materials like what is often found in trash (plastic bottles, containers, pieces of wood). Since the devices need to be resistant, we have selected bottles with harder cases (such as those made from high-density polyethylene or other durable plastics). This choice ensures the device can endure the harsh conditions it will encounter in the water. The device also undergoes silicon treatments or an additional resin sealing process to provide complete waterproofing. The parts in the device are then installed with care to ensure they do not get damaged during operation. Small ballasts were added as needed to reduce the center of gravity. The solar panel (treated to be watertight first) was affixed to the container’s major side. Labels with the logo, QR code, and project reference contacts (previously printed and laminated) were also placed on the device’s open area. For the final criteria, we have decided that a plastic bottle with a volume of 1.5 liters has enough space for all the components. COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 10 Constraints 1. Technological Reliability and Maintenance: • The IoT devices must be robust and reliable, as they operate in harsh environmental conditions. Ensuring continuous functionality and minimal maintenance over extended periods can be challenging and requires careful engineering. 2. Digital Literacy Requirement: • Successful deployment and management of the IoT devices require a certain level of digital literacy among researchers and technicians. This could pose a barrier in regions where such expertise is limited. 3. Cost and Resource Constraints: • Developing and deploying IoT devices with sufficient capabilities (e.g., GPS tracking, data transmission, durable casing) can be costly. Securing funding for initial setup and ongoing operations, as well as sourcing appropriate materials, may present financial challenges. Design approaches Analyse The project involves continuous monitoring of trash displacement using IoT devices. It analyzes data in real-time to identify patterns and sources of pollution, aiming to understand how and where trash moves within water systems. Reduce By pinpointing the primary sources and routes of trash, the project helps develop strategies to minimize waste entering waterways. This approach aims to reduce the overall environmental impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 11 Eradicate The project contributes to long-term solutions by providing data that supports the formulation of policies and actions aimed at completely removing specific types of waste from water bodies. This involves targeting sources and implementing measures to eliminate these pollutants. Prevent Through ongoing data collection and analysis, the project anticipates potential pollution events. It recommends preventive measures to mitigate the impact, aiming to proactively address environmental degradation in water systems. Predict Utilizing real-time tracking and historical data analysis, the project predicts future trash accumulation and movement. This capability allows for proactive planning and intervention strategies to manage and reduce pollution in water environments. Devices used in the Project Device Description Antennas Used for data transmission from IoT devices. Solar Cells Provided self-powering capability to IoT devices. Ballasts Ensured stability of IoT devices in water environments. Processing Units (Andruino Zero) Handled data collection, processing, and transmission tasks. GPS Receivers Used for acquiring position coordinates of IoT devices. GSM Connectivity Enabled data transmission via GSM networks. SD Card Slots Used for local data storage in IoT devices. COS20015 - TECHNOLOGY IN AN INDIGENOUS CONTEXT 12 Technology Description Wireless connection Used for data transmission. Solar energy Provided clean energy to the device IoT Sensors and small CPU were used. Technologies used in the Project Achieved Guiding Principles in the Project • Environmental Health: The project considers ecological impact when deploying IoT devices to track and mitigate man-made trash in coastal areas. It tries to be eco-friendly as much as possible (reusing trash as material and using solar energy.) • Appropriateness: Infrastructure (such as the IoT devices) is designed to be robust, located strategically in river and stream networks, and capable of long-term operation with minimal maintenance. • Affordability: The project considers the cost of devices. It aims to use cheaper technologies (GSM instead of satellite) and reuse pre-existing containers.