Population and Urbanization: Demography, Urbanization, and Environmental Impact, Slides of Introduction to Sociology

Download Population and Urbanization: Demography, Urbanization, and Environmental Impact and more Slides Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 15 Country and City: The Natural World and the Social World Docsity.com Overview • Population – Demography – Theories on Population Change – Population Problems • Urbanization – Patterns in Urbanization – In-class exercise • The Environment Docsity.com Fertility Rates Fertility Rate Less than 2% 2% to 3% 3% to 4% 4% to 5% Over 5% No data re 15.2 The Real World Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. locsity.com Infant Mortality Rates ;,,Infant Mortality Rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Under 10 10 to 20 20 to 50 50 to 70 Over 70° ho, st : v 7 No data re 15.3 The Real World Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Compexityccom Life Expectancy Life Expectancy at Birth Less than 50 50 to 59 60 to 69 70 to 79 Over 80 No data re 15.4 The Real World Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Boesity"Gom World Population Growth over 2,000 Years 2050 (Projected) —_____ Billions of People Only 300 million people in the world? = 0 200ceE. 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 Year 3 Docsity.com Sociological Perspectives on Population Growth • Influences on population growth – Religious – Political/Economic – Cultural • Population control strategies – Family Planning Docsity.com World Population Clock Hour Births 15,643 Deaths Population increase 2 4 6 8 10 12 4 16 18 20** Minute Births 261 Deaths 107 Population increase 153 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300** Second Births 43 Deaths 1.8 Population increase 2.6 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 45 5.0** “Thousands of people Total World Population 6,555,336,000 07 Lt 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0*** **Billions of people e e 15.6b (bottom) The Real World Copyright © 2008 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Docsity.com Was Malthus Right? • “Anti-Malthusians” – Believe that conclusions are faulty • Predict that population will peak and stabilize – Based on rationality, family planning, other changes – May even lead to population shrinkage • Believe that demographic transition will spread to developing world – From high to low birth/death rates Docsity.com I] The Demographic Transition Birth rate Death rate Population decrease Stable population: Rapidly growing Stable population: Shrinking Births and deaths population: Births drop, and births population: are more or less Births far and deaths become Deaths outnumber balanced. outnumber deaths. more or less balanced. births. Note: The standard demographic transition is depicted by Stages 1-3. Stage 4 has been suggested by some & Anti-Malthusians. Docsity.com Which theory is correct? • Consider effect of new technologies on population – For example? • Potential for population booms or shrinkage • United Nations: – #1 problem is worldwide population growth catastrophe • Video clip: – Global growth and health Docsity.com Next ... Urbanization Docsity.com  oe _ Docsity.com • Urbanization – The movement of the masses to cities – The influence of cities on society • Cities – A place where a large number of people live on a permanent basis – Key to their origin is the development of efficient agriculture • City dwellers do not produce their own food Docsity.com U.S. Urban Patterns • Migration – From country to city • In 1810 – 6% lived in cities • In 1910 – 28% lived in cities • In 2010 – 84% lived in cities – From city to city • From the “rust belt” to the “sun belt” • Fastest growing and shrinking cities Docsity.com Rural/Urban Makeup of the United States 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 ® Docsity. Sm 7 Population Change in the U.S. Population Change 1.6% to 2.5% 1.0% to 1.5% 0 to 0.9% -0.1% to -0.5% U.S. percent 0.9 Docsity.com Trends in Urbanization • Suburbanization – Shift toward edges of cities • Urban (white) flight – Movement of affluent classes to suburbs • Leaves behind decaying cities – Same urban problems follow into suburbs • Suburban (or urban) sprawl – Poorly-planned development vs. smart growth • Urban Renewal – Efforts to rebuild decaying inner-cities • Gentrification – Transform neighborhoods into more affluent communities • The Rural Rebound – Increase in rural counties, usually adjacent to city Docsity.com In-Class Exercise Word Search: Population and Urbanization Docsity.com