CSD 313 - Exam 2 | CSD 313 - Speech Science, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Phonetically balanced (PB) lists DEFINITION 1 Used to determine the discrimination score Tells if the property by which a group of words used in the measurement of hearing has the various phonemes occurring at about the same frequency at which they occur in normal speech TERM 2 Patter-Playback** DEFINITION 2 Means for "building" a highly simplified and controlled speech spectrogram Works in reverse of the spectrogram Converts visual patterns into sounds Allows researchers to synthesize speech and to manipulate various acoustic cues TERM 3 Plosive Burst DEFINITION 3 Refers to the release burst of the consonant It is a stop that is released, typically into a more open speech sound, aka a vowel TERM 4 Coarticulation** DEFINITION 4 The means of speeding up the overall rate of a segment production to help keep the talker "in control" Concerns activity of the speech articulators Overlapping of articulation movements in time so that acoustic characteristics of adjacent sounds influence each other TERM 5 Invarient Acoustic Cues DEFINITION 5 A bottom-up theory Says that for every phoneme there are some things about the sound that remain constant - just have to find them TERM 6 Categorical Perception** DEFINITION 6 Inability of listeners to discriminate between two speech stimuli that fall within the same category along a stimulus continuum Perceiving the same sound differently, or perceiving different sounds the same Consonant cue perceived categorically, so if the sound is almost the same, or barely different, the listener will most likely perceive them as the same TERM 7 Redundancy of information of speech DEFINITION 7 It is important in allowing human to acquire a complex grammar system TERM 8 Anticipatory Coarticulation DEFINITION 8 A modification of a sound by a preceding sound Coarticulated with a proceeding vowel Ex: /s/ as in "sue" TERM 9 Carry-over Articulation DEFINITION 9 A preceding sound in an utterance modifies an ensuing sound, also called left-to right articulation Coarticulated with a proceeding consonant Ex: /a/ as in "not" TERM 10 Segmentation problem DEFINITION 10 consonants and vowels are perceived as a set of separate segments, which can be combined and recombined in endless ways Might expect to find a separate "piece of sound" for each segment, but we don't TERM 21 Bottom up** DEFINITION 21 Theory based on the premise that all the information necessary for the recognition of sounds is contained within the acoustical signal Ex: no two talkers say the same thing in quite the same way The bottom up theory says there must be something in the sound that can be relied upon to make sense TERM 22 Top down** DEFINITION 22 Theory that emphasizes higher-level linguistic and cognitive operations as playing a crucial role in the identification and analysis of sounds They emphasize the importance of interpretation of "clever guessing" for perception TERM 23 Is sensory information top down or bottom up? DEFINITION 23 Bottom up TERM 24 Is the interpretive step top down or bottom up? DEFINITION 24 Top down TERM 25 T/F as sens. info. becomes more detailed the set of percep. poss. become more limited DEFINITION 25 True TERM 26 Why may two people see the same thing differently? DEFINITION 26 Because of top down perception TERM 27 T/F top down effects are not ubiquitous in speech perception DEFINITION 27 False, they are ubiquitous in speech perception TERM 28 What does it mean to perceive? DEFINITION 28 To attach meaning to sensory experiences TERM 29 What is a perceptual cue? DEFINITION 29 A property of a stimulus that guides perception form "the bottom up" TERM 30 T/F phonemic restoration effect is affected by top-down perception? DEFINITION 30 True TERM 31 The search for constant cues is referred to as... DEFINITION 31 Categorical perception TERM 32 T/F people can identify better than they can discriminate DEFINITION 32 False TERM 33 Production of /d/ involves DEFINITION 33 Steady outflow of air Complete closure of the vocal tract followed by an abrupt release; all at the alveolar ridge Pronation timed to begin at approximately the same time as the release burst TERM 34 Temporal induction of speech DEFINITION 34 Found that when a speech sound is removed from a sentence and replaced with a high amplitude. like a cough, listeners generally hear the entire sentence as intact. Even when they know the phoneme is removed TERM 35 Cue for monopthongal vowels DEFINITION 35 Phonetics = tongue height and tongue advancement Acoustics = tongue height inversely related to F1, tongue advancement directly related to F2 TERM 46 Cues for nasal manner DEFINITION 46 A resonance: tend to hear nasals when a low-frequency "murmur" formant is present in the signal An anti-resonance: tend to hear nasal sounds when higher formants are weakened TERM 47 Nasals and place of articulation DEFINITION 47 Rising F2 cues = bilabial before /a/ Falling F2 cues alveolar Steeply falling F2 cues = velar TERM 48 T/F voiced and voiceless stop consonants have diff. VOT in INITIAL position DEFINITION 48 True TERM 49 T/F the slope of the first formant transition is an important cue for place of articulation DEFINITION 49 False, the SECOND formant transition tells the slope TERM 50 If you were to slow down the formant of a stop consonant, what would you likely produce? DEFINITION 50 A glide consonant