Culture of Bacteria: Understanding Different Types of Solid Media and Functional Media, Exams of Biology of microorganisms

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Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms What is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in a predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions? - correct answer Microbiological culture or Microbial culture What are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used as a research tool in molecular biology? - correct answer Microbiological culture or Microbial culture What is a nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a laboratory? - correct answer Culture medium What is a method when microbes are introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth? - correct answer Inoculum What do you call the microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium? - correct answer Culture Culture of Fungi: Most fungi require ____________ and ____________ for optimal growth - correct answer Extra carbohydrate; Acidic environment Culture of Fungi: Why does most fungi require an extra carbohydrate? - correct answer Fungi require an extra carbohydrate because: - source to sustain their growth and energy needs beyond what they produce through photosynthesis. Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms - This additional carbohydrate can be obtained by breaking down organic matter in their environment, enabling them to thrive and reproduce. Culture of Fungi: Why does most fungi require an acidic environment? - correct answer Fungi require an acidic environment because: - Fungi produce enzymes that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, aiding in their absorption for sustenance. These enzymes function optimally within specific pH ranges, mostly in lower pH because the acidic environment can help maintain the structural integrity and functionality of enzyme. - acidic conditions often create an inhospitable environment for many bacteria, limiting their growth and proliferation Culture of Fungi: What is the most common medium employed for fungi? - correct answer Sabouraud dextrose agar or Potato dextrose agar* Culture of Fungi: A pH of ______ is used to isolate fungi that outgrow most bacteria at this pH - correct answer 5.6 Culture of Fungi: State the pH range - correct answer 0 to 6.9 (Lowest pH range) 7 (Neutral pH range) 7.1 to 14 (Highest pH range) Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Purpose: Used to investigate organ function, disease mechanisms, drug testing, and understanding broader physiological processes. Scale: Deals with larger and more complex structures like intact organs or larger sections of organs. Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, how do you perform organ culture? - correct answer Organ culture are typically placed in a specialized culture medium containing nutrients, growth factors, and other necessary components to support their survival and growth. This environment mimics the conditions found within the body, enabling researchers to observe how tissues or organs function, interact, and respond to various stimuli or experimental conditions. Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, what is fragments of tissue can be grown as explant in plasma clots but it is rarely used. - correct answer Explant culture Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, what is Explant culture? - correct answer EXPLANT CULTURE: Samples: Involves culturing small pieces of tissues or organs. These explants can be fragments of roots, leaves, stems, or specific tissues obtained from plants or animals. Purpose: Used for studying specific tissues or cellular responses, examining growth patterns, exploring regeneration, or propagating plants through tissue culture techniques. Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Scale: Generally involves smaller-scale cultures, focusing on specific tissues or cells, often used in molecular and cellular biology studies. Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, what is mostly used? - correct answer Cell culture Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, what are these normal cells freshly raken and are grown in under controlled conditions? - correct answer Cell culture Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, how do we perform cell culture? - correct answer Cells are grown in vitro glass or treated plastic in a suitable growth medium Culture of Virus: In tissue culture, what is cell culture? - correct answer CELL CULTURE: Samples: Involves culturing individual cells or cell lines derived from tissues or organs. Purpose: Used to study isolated cells under controlled conditions, examining cell behavior, growth patterns, responses to stimuli, and various cellular processes. Scale: Studies individual cells or specific types of cells, offering insights into cellular biology, molecular mechanisms, and cellular responses. Culture of Virus: What is the difference of Organ culture, Explant culture, and Cell culture? - correct answer Organ culture deals with intact organs or larger sections of organs Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Explant culture involves small tissue fragments Cell culture focuses on individual cells or cell lines Culture of Virus: This method uses egg to give the several slides for the cultivation of viruses. - correct answer Embryonated egg inoculation Culture of Virus: How do we perform Embryonated egg inoculation? - correct answer This technique takes advantage of the egg's sterile environment and the developing embryo's support for the growth of various microorganisms. Culture of Virus: In Embryonated egg inoculation, the main sites are? - correct answer - Inoculation on Chorioallantoic membrane produce visible lesions - Inoculation in Allantoic cavity produces a rich yield of Influenza and Paramyxovirus Culture of Virus: In Embryonated egg inoculation, what is lesions? - correct answer Lesions refer to abnormal or damaged areas in tissues, organs, or the skin. Culture of Virus: In Embryonated egg inoculation, what are the diseases inoculated in Chorioallantoic membrane? - correct answer 1. Herpes simplex virus (lesions) Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms advantageous for isolating and culturing bacteria and fungi. - correct answer Solid media Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, what is Solid media? - correct answer Consistency: Firm and solidified, allowing for the growth and isolation of individual colonies. Purpose: Used for isolating and identifying microorganisms by enabling the growth of distinct colonies. Solid media, like agar plates, provide a surface for the colonies to form and can support various biochemical tests. Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, there are 2 types of Solid media. - correct answer 1. Liquefiable solid media 2. Non-liquefiabl solid media Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, this is sometimes called reversible solid media, which contain a solidifying agent that changes its physical properties in response to temperature - correct answer Liquefiable solid media Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, what is liquefiable solid media? - correct answer Properties: Initially solid at a lower temperature, but liquefies when heated and solidifies upon cooling. Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Purpose: Used for procedures requiring changes in the medium's consistency, such as pouring into tubes or plates when melted and allowing for the growth and isolation of microorganisms when solidified Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, what liquefiable solid media are the most widely used and effective of these agents? - correct answer Agar Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, what is a polysaccharide isolated from the red algae Gelidium? - correct answer Agar Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, any medium containing ___% to ___% agar usually has the word agar in its name - correct answer 1% to 5% Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, what have less versatile applications than agar media because they do not melt. Meaning, all of the medias start solid and remain solid after heat sterilization (i.e. rice grains, cooked meat, potato slices). - correct answer Non-liquefiable solid media Culture of Bacteria: In Physical state, what is Non- liquefiable solid media? - correct answer Properties: Remains solid regardless of temperature changes. Purpose: Provides a stable and consistent solid medium for cultivating microorganisms, without the need for changes in consistency during handling or incubation. Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Culture of Bacteria: In Chemical state, what are the media used in microbiology laboratories to culture bacteria because they do not occur naturally; rather, they are prepared in laboratory? - correct answer Artificial media or Synthetic media Culture of Bacteria: What are the 2 types of Chemical state? - correct answer 1. Chemically defined medium 2. Complex medium Culture of Bacteria: In Chemical state, all of the ingredients are known because the medium was prepared in the laboratory by adding a certain number of grams of each of the components (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids, salts) - correct answer Chemically defined medium Culture of Bacteria: In Chemical state, the exact contents are unknown because it contain ground-up or digested extracts from animal organs, fish, yeasts, plants, which provides the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. - correct answer Complex medium Culture of Bacteria: What are 4 Types of Functional type? - correct answer 1. General-purpose media 2. Enriched medium 3. Selective media 4. Differential media Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, ____________ agar inhibits gram-positive bacteria and most gram-negative intestinal bacteria (other than S. typhi) - correct answer Bismuth sulphite agar (BSA) Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, _____________ agar inhibits growth of Gram-positive bacteria and thus is selective for Gram-negative bacteria. - correct answer MacConkey agar Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, ___________ agar inhibits only in salt-tolerant (haloduric) bacteria - correct answer Mannitol Salt agar (MSA) Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what distinguishes between DIFFERENT groups of bacteria and even permit tentative identification of microorganisms based on their biological characteristics? - correct answer Differential media Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what are the 3 examples of Differential media? - correct answer 1. MacConkey agar 2. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) 3. Blood agar Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, why is MacConkey agar also a Differential media? - correct answer MacConkey agar differentiates between various gram-negative bacilli that are isolated from fecal specimens Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, the color for MacConkey agar with lactose fermenting colonies is? - correct answer Pink Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, the color for MacConkey agar with Non-lactose fermenting colonies is? - correct answer Colorless Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, the color for Mannitol salt agar (MSA) turns from _____ to ______ due to its ability to ferment mannitol - correct answer Pink to Yellow Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, why is Blood agar also a Differential medium? - correct answer Blood agar determines the type of hemolysis that the bacterial isolate produces Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is a selective enrichment media used for the isolation of ✨Salmonella spp.✨ from samples containing other Gram-negaive enteric organisms. - correct answer Selenite broth Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is a blood agar-based selective medium used for the isolation and recognition of ✨Streptococci spp.✨ - correct answer Edwards medium Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is an indicator medium for presumptive identification of Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms ✨Salmonella spp.✨ Colonies and surrounding medium have a pink color. - correct answer Brilliant Green Agar Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is used for ✨Salmonella spp.✨ isolation, other Gram-negative will also grow where the media results to Yellow (lactose- fermenter) or purple (Non-lactose fermenter) - correct answer XLD Agar (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar) Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is the color result of the Media with lactose-fermenter in XLD? - correct answer Yellow Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is the color result of Media with Non-lactose fermenter in XLD? - correct answer Purple Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is the color result of Media with H2S producers? - correct answer Black Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is the presumptive identification of E. coli?* - correct answer Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is the color result of Eosin-methylene blue (EMB)?* - correct answer Green metallic sheen Culture of Bacteria: In Functional type, what is differentiating ✨Streptococci spp. from Enterococci spp.✨ Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms eukaryotic cells? - correct answer Acidic Dyes Staining: 1 example for Acidic Dyes - correct answer Eosin Staining: What is Positive staining? - correct answer Positive staining is when the dye sticks to the cell and gives them color Staining: What is Negative staining? - correct answer Negative staining is when the dye does not stick to the specimen but settles around its outher boundary, forming a silhouette. Staining: What are 2 stains commonly used in Negative staining? - correct answer 1. Nigrosin (Blue-black color) 2. India ink (black) Staining: 3 Types of Positive Staining - correct answer 1. Simple staining 2. Differential staining 3. Special staining Staining: In Positive Staining, what requires only one dye? - correct answer Simple staining Staining: In Positive Staining, what has two different color dyes (primary dye and counterstain)? - correct answer Differential staining Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Staining: In Positive Staining, what is used to color and isolate specific parts of microorganisms (i.e. endospores and flagella, reveal the presence of capsules) - correct answer Special staining Staining: 2 Examples for Differential Staining - correct answer 1. Gram staining 2. Ziehl-Neelsen Method staining Staining: In Differential staining, what is the most widely employed staining method in bacteriology? - correct answer Gram staining Staining: In Gram staining, what is the result for primary stain, mordant, decolorizer, and counter stain? - correct answer 1. Crystal violet as Primary stain 2. Iodine as Mordant 3. Acetone or Alcohol as Decolorizer 4. Safranin red as Counter stain Staining: In Gram staining, what is the preferred time sequence? - correct answer 1 minute (Primary stain) to 1 minute (Mordant) to 10(Acetone)/30(Alcohol) seconds to (Safranin) 30 seconds Staining: In Gram staining, what is the color result for Positive? - correct answer Blue/Purple Cultivation and Demonstration of Microorganisms Staining: In Gram staining, what is the color result for Negative? - correct answer Pink/Red Staining: In Differential staining, what is used to determine the bacteria if the acid-fast or non-acid fast? - correct answer Ziehl-Neelsen Method Staining: In Ziehl-Neelsen Method, what is the result for Primary stain, Wash, and Secondary stain? - correct answer 1. Carbon Fucshin as Primary Stain 2. Acid alcogol for Wash 3. Methylene blue as Secondary Stain Staining: In Ziehl-Neelsen Method, what is the preferred time sequence? - correct answer 5 minutes (Primary stain) to 15 seconds (Wash) to 1 minute (Secondary stain) Staining: 1 Example for Special Staining - correct answer Endospore staining (Schaeffer-Fulton or Wirtz-Conklin) Staining: In Endospore staining, what is the result of Primary stain, Wash, Counter stain, Wash? - correct answer Malachite green as Primary stain Water for Wash Safranin red as Counter stain Water for Wash Staining: In Endospore staining, what is preferred time sequence? -