Culture and Language Cheat Sheet, Cheat Sheet of Culture & Society

Download Culture and Language Cheat Sheet and more Cheat Sheet Culture & Society in PDF only on Docsity! Culture & Language Cheat Sheet concept of time mono​chr​onic- time is given and people are variables, people do one thing at a time and finish it before starting something else. poly​chr​oni​c​-time is the servant and tool of people, people do several things simult​ane​ously, required by the circum​ sta​nces.indivi​dual, direct, low-co​ntext, non-ag​rarian societies are usually monoc​ hro​ matic. The other, polyc​ hro​ matic. uncert​ainty avoidance high uncert​ainty avoida​nce- people with this have anxiety about the unknown so they try to control life. they have many laws, regula​‐tions, rules, and procedures and emphasize it must be obeyed.low uncert​ainty avoida​nce- people with this have low anxiety and are less threatened by the unknown and uncertain. there is less government involv​ement and they tolerate differ​ences fairly well. high & low power distance high power distan​ce- these cultures believe that inequa​lities in power and status are natural. those with power emphasize it and do not share it. low power distan​ce- these cultures think that inequa​lities in power and status is largely fake. those with power deemph​asize it and share power as much a possible. culture shock and integr​ation stages 1. initial enthusiasm (honey​moo​n)- happens during the first week or two in a country and the attitude towards the country is generally positive. 2. initial country & culture shock- within the first few weeks, more realistic and mixed reactions. 3. initial adjust​ment- happens after several weeks, some aspects of the country & culture now seem normal. 4. further culture shock- in the first few months, you experience withdraw and more obstacles to overcome. 5. further adjust​ment- happens after settli​ng-in, you adapt and understand the culture better. sources of culture reli​gion- whatever religion a country had, they will carry the same ideology when establ​ishing their culture and values in their government documents, laws, and norms. geog​rap​hy- the earliest imprints of a country is affected by their location, which includes dangers, risks, safety, isolation as well as (un)li​mited resources and opport​unity. atti​tude- countries that start after any form of repression will establish their law and values with the mind of not repeating their previously experi​enced history. indi​vidual person​ali​ty- citizens of a country will share common charac​ter​istics (hard working, distant, kind, etc) based on the historical events of that country. the four levels of cultural awareness I. uncons​cious incomp​ete​nce- the first state when you are unaware of cultural differ​ences. II. conscious incomp​ete​nce- when you realize there are differ​ ences and things you don't unders​tand. III. conscious compet​ence- you know some cultural differ​ences and adjust your behavior to replace your old instincts with new ones. IV. uncons​cious compet​ence- the last state when approp​riate behavior is now automatic and you are recond​itioned by the new culture. this is the cycle of adjustment when your awareness of a new country & culture naturally increases. personal and social obliga​tions univ​ers​ali​sm- there are no exception for anyone and everyone and every situation must be treated the same without bias. part​icu​lar​ism- it all depends on the circum​stances and how is involved, life is not fair and exceptions are always made. no culture is completely universal or partic​ular, but the culture as a whole tends toward one side.