Culture and Society - Sociological Imagination - Lecture Slides, Slides of Sociology

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Chapter 2 Culture docsity.com Chapter Outline  Culture and Society in a Changing World  Components of Culture  Technology, Cultural Change, and Diversity  A Global Popular Culture?  Sociological Analysis of Culture  Culture in the Future docsity.com Culture  Culture is essential for survival and communication with other people.  Culture is learned through interaction, observation and imitation.  Culture is fundamental for the survival of societies.  Culture is the “essence” of human social interaction. docsity.com Culture  Material culture  Physical or tangible creations (such as clothing shelter, and art) that members of a society make, use, and share.  Nonmaterial culture  Abstract or intangible human creations of society (such as attitudes, beliefs, and values) that influence people’s behavior. docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Global Food and Culture?  True or False?  Cheese is a universal food enjoyed by people of all nations and cultures. docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Global Food and Culture?  True.  Round foods such as pears, grapes, and mooncakes are given to celebrate the birth of babies, because the shape of the food is believed to symbolize family unity. docsity.com Gestures with Different Meanings in Other Societies “Hook ‘em Horns” or “Your spouse is unfaithful” docsity.com Gestures with Different Meanings in Other Societies “Okay” Or “I’ll kill you” docsity.com Components of Culture Values Collective ideas about what is right or wrong and good or bad. Norms Established rules of behavior or standards of conduct. docsity.com Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis  According to this theory, language shapes the view of reality of its speakers.  If people are able to think only through language, then language must precede thought. docsity.com Language and Gender Male Term Female Term Neutral Term Teacher Teacher Teacher Worker /employee Working mother Worker /employee Janitor/ maintenance man Maid/ cleaning lady Custodial attendant docsity.com Ten Core American Values 1. Individualism 2. Achievement and Success 3. Activity and Work 4. Science and Technology 5. Progress and Material Comfort docsity.com Ten Core American Values 6. Efficiency and Practicality 7. Equality 8. Morality and Humanitarianism 9. Freedom and Liberty 10. Racism and Group Superiority docsity.com Polling Question  Do you favor or oppose an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would make English the official language of the United States? A. Favor B. Oppose C. No opinion docsity.com Folkways  Everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture.  In the United States, folkways include:  using deodorant  brushing our teeth  wearing appropriate clothing for a specific occasion docsity.com Mores  Strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences.  Taboos are mores so strong that violation is considered extremely offensive and even unmentionable.  The incest taboo, which prohibits sexual relations between certain kin, is an example of a nearly universal taboo. docsity.com Laws  Formal, standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions.  Civil law deals with disputes among persons or groups.  Criminal law deals with public safety and well-being. docsity.com Cultural Diversity of U.S. Society: Religion Religious Affiliation Jews 2.0% Other Christians Black Protestants 3.3% 7.8% Other 1.1% Evangelical Protestants 25.9% Mainline Protestants 18.0% Roman Catholics Nonreligious 23.4% 18.5% {c)2012 Cengage Learning docsity.com Cultural Diversity of U.S. Society: Income Household Income* $10,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 20.0% 29.2% Under $9,999 9.6% $50,000 to $74,999 19.1% $75,000 and over 22.1% docsity.com Cultural Diversity of U.S. Society: Race and Ethnicity Race and Ethnic Distribution Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders® 0.1% American Indian? 0.8% Asian? 4.2% Latino/a 14.3% African American (Non-Hispanic) 12.4% White (Non-Hispanic) 68.2% {c)2012 Cengage Learning docsity.com Polling Question  Which cultural background do you identify with the most? Choose only one. A. Anglo (white, non-Hispanic) B. Hispanic C. African American, black D. Native American (American Indian) E. Asian F. Other docsity.com The Old Order Amish Subculture  Strong faith in God.  Rejection of worldly concerns.  Rely on horse and buggy for transportation. docsity.com Examples of Countercultures  Beatniks of the 1950’s  Flower Children of the 1960’s  Drug Enthusiasts of the 1970’s docsity.com Symbolic Interactionist People create, maintain, and modify culture during their everyday activities. Postmodern Culture is based on simulation of reality rather than reality itself. Sociological Analysis of Culture docsity.com Quick Quiz docsity.com 1. ________ consists of the physical or tangible creations that members of a society make, use, and share. A. Nonmaterial culture B. Cultural universals C. Material culture D. High culture docsity.com Answer: C  Language, beliefs, values, rules of behavior, family patterns, and political systems are examples of nonmaterial culture. docsity.com 3. An example of a symbol is: A. a dove B. all of the choices C. a heart D. Nazi swastika docsity.com Answer: B  A dove, a heart, and a Nazi swastika, are all examples of symbols. docsity.com 4. According to Karl Marx, and Marxist theorists: A. none of the choices. B. ideas are used by agents of the wealthy to affect the thoughts and actions of members of other classes. C. ideas are effective for the working classes to motivate the wealthy. D. ideas have little impact on the relations between the wealthy and poor in societies. docsity.com Answer: B  According to Karl Marx, and Marxist theorists, ideas are used by agents of the wealthy to affect the thoughts and actions of members of other classes. docsity.com 5. Sanctions are only punishments when behavior or attitudes are deviant. A. False B. True docsity.com