C Programming: Data Types, Operators, Statements, Loops, Functions, Recursion, I/O, Lecture notes of Data Structures and Algorithms

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Lecture 01 C programming • C programming 구조 • 연산자 (산술, 관계, 논리, 대입) Prof. DaeEun Kim C language Data type: numbers, characters, Boolean Statements Assignment Conditional statements Loop statements Function statements Input / output 2 Prof. DaeEun Kim Loop statement 1 Repeat a set of statements in a loop (often with the exit condition) while, for, do-while while format while (condition) do S Infinite loop while (1) do S Scond false true 5 Prof. DaeEun Kim Loop statement 2 for format  for (initialization; condition; increment) do S equivalent while initialization while (condition) do { S increment; } Infinite loop  for ( ; ; ) do S 6 Prof. DaeEun Kim Loop statement 3 do-while format do S while (condition); S is executed at least once Other loop statements goto statement : unconditional branch exit : move the control to the statement just after loop S cond true false 7 Prof. DaeEun Kim Input / output  Input function : scanf (argument_list); getchar(); read(); gets()  Output function : printf (argument_list); putchar(); write() 10 _ Sizeof example fs sizeof.c +#/ /? Visual Cee FEE FAS MAB a7] Be #include <stdio.h> The size of some fundamental types is computed. int maing€void) { BR . . BR printf("The size of some Fundamental types is computed. tintin”), A 7 . " unsigned char: 1 byte printte chart 23d byte #n", sizeof(char)): Bee re print signed char! #3d byte #n", sizeof(signed char)): ; - ane . ” Wier tt Med Pod printf(” unsigned char: aad byte #n", sizeof(unsigned char); - 4 bytes printte short: 23d bytes#n”, sizeof(shart}): A ‘i ane . ” unsigned in Besa os printf( "unsigned short: 23d bytes#n”, sizeof(unsigned short)) eee in ree printhe” int: 28d bytes#n", sizeotCint )}: unsigned re 4 nee printf(” unsigned int: 23d bytestin", sizeof(unsigned)): and 4 nee printhe long: #8d bytes#in", sizeof(long)): i nee printf(" unsigned long: 23d bytes#n", sizeof(unsigned long); 8 nee printfe float23d bytes#n”, sizeof(float)} ieee printhe” double: 23d bytes#n", sizeot(double}): as printf(" long double: 23d bytestin", sizeof(long double)). return } } _ float, double ! #include <stdio.h> Jint main(void) i float f = @.123456789; // float type variable can express up to 6 decimal places double d = @.123456789; // double type variable can express up to 15 decimal places printf ("output percentage -> %% \n"); printf("output Double quotes -> \" \n"); printf("output backslash -> \\ \n\n ")3 printf("float :%3d bytes\n", sizeof(f)); printf("double :%3d bytes\n\n", sizeof(double)); printf("f > %.16f \n", f); printf("d > %.16@f \n\n", d)3 return @; 12 Prof. DaeEun Kim Example #include <stdio.h> main() { int a = 21; int b = 10; int c ; c = a + b; printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = a - b; printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = a * b; printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = a / b; printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = a % b; printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = a++; printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = a--; printf("Line 7 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); } Line 1 – Value of c is 31 Line 2 - Value of c is 11 Line 3 - Value of c is 210 Line 4 - Value of c is 2 Line 5 - Value of c is 1 Line 6 - Value of c is 21 Line 7 - Value of c is 22 15 Prof. DaeEun Kim 관계 연산자는 2개의 피연산자 크기를 비교하기 위한 연산자 두 항의 값을 비교하는데 사용 두 개의 문자로 구성되는 관계연산자 기호 사이에는 공백문자 가 없이 연결되어야 하며, 두 개의 문자 순서도 주의 해야 함. 관계 연산자가 포함된 수식의 결과  1(참을 의미)이 아니면 0(거짓을 의미) 관계 연산자 16 Prof. DaeEun Kim  &&(and), ||(or), !(not) 논리 연산자는 두 개 또는 하나의 논리값을 0이나 1의 논리값으로 평가하기 위한 연산자  C 언어는 참과 거짓이라는 상수는 없으며, 단순히 0을 거짓으로, 0이 아닌 값을 참으로 간주 정수 만을 이용하는 것은 아니고 실수나 다른 유형의 자료 값도 이용이 가능 다만 평가의 결과는 반드시 0이거나 1 논리 연산자 17 Prof. DaeEun Kim #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("12345678901234567890\n"); printf("%10c\n", 'A'); printf("%10d\n", 128); printf("%10lf\n", 3.1415926); printf("%10le\n", 3.1415926); printf("%10.3lf\n", 3.1415926); return 0; } 12345678901234567890 A 128 3.141593 3.141593e+000 3.142 printf 20 35 Al0] =A Al E OO Fieldwidth.c » OCS Ze S30| tee = B+ printf()2) Mz A oF Si HSAs Daag redasta Be lia bs) 4.234088 Pern 2348 123456787812345 4.234088. +808 Beene leo) Be ee a) Beene leo) 1123456789012345 iT 7 j a) Te: a: [faa nn ne Fieldwidth.c #include <stdio.h> int main¢void}) { printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” printt(” return O} S+ BA(d, a. x): tet estin™, 12945"), eeode 156 BS wtitiesdwn", 15); eeooR 156 BS wtitizsown", 15); ERoxE 156 BS weitieosin", 15); BR-#OxE 15B BS tet le-oxtintin", 15), BeAA FSALt BSF): Wthtlastin”, “12s4587e90" ); ERIOFE 4.2045 BS tet Z1OFWN, 4.234) BRIO. 4F& 4.2348 BS WL lelO. afin”, 4,234); SR-10.4f2 4.2945 BS Ott e-10. dfn", 4.294); FSLt B3(e) Wthtlastin”, “1224567e9012945" ); Belse@ 4.2045 BS Wtetlelbetin", 4.234) B15. 4e@ 4.2348 BS Wt le15.4etin”, 4,234); Be+19.4e@ 4.2945 BS Ott le+19.detin", 4,294); Be-19.4de@ 4.2945 BS Ott le-15.detintn", 4.294); Gate), EME B43): “12d456709012345" ); Be-1ocE A B BS Wet le-1octin™, A) Belsse WHE Ses BS wtletsstnin’, Wtlestin’, “HEELS 9: 21  float, double ] 2 a 4 5 6 2 a 4 id 11 12 13 i4 16 16 1? 18 ig Si#include <stdio.h> /#/ printtoje| AS Md ao} ra a a ral ne} iH os Sint maingvoid) // main he AlSt { float f = 0.123456789; /¢% Floate HW SS 248 018+ Gal Apel aeA| BA IPS double d = O,129456789; // double HE 248 O| St 150 Abe MPA] BA tS printh( "Hae BS = ze tn"): printh("SUSE BS = #° Hn printh("S Se] SS > tH Wniin” ) printh("float '#3d bytestin", sizeof(fi): Printf( "double : 23d bytestintin”, sizeof(double}}: printhe"f > 2.10F Wn", Fy Printf("d = 2.10f #niin",dy return 0: Caer 8 bytes oe ea le cee web _ int, char {) #include <stdio.h> 1 2 3 feint maint) 4 { 5 int over = 2147483047; // UD AO] 2°31 - 1 5 unsigned okay = 2147483547; 7 a int overl, over2: unsigned okayl, okay2: printf("char : 3d bytes , ad byte tn", sizeof(char), sizeof A} printf("int : #3d bytes , ¥8d bytestintin", sizeof( int), sizeaf(over}): J AMR overt = over +1 2} S2 m overt = overte: f/B okay! = okay++: printf("over!2| 32h printf(“okay12| 22} -> E15d Yn", overt): -3 E1Sd @intin", okayt): nr rir over? = over + 10: okay2 = okay + 10; print#(“over22] B2}= -> £150 tn“, over2}: printt(“okay22] BBb= -> £150 infin”, okay2); printf("ZAb fc2| OFA?| BS Zt -> fdtin", a, ay printf("ZAb fc2| OFA?| BS Zt -> fdtin", A, AY printt("= OFA?| BS ete] ab a’ - A! Xd fin”, ‘a printf("A + 2 -> &ctin”, A+2); printf("A + 32 -> &clin", Ata2): printt("A - 82 -> Sctirtin”, 4-32): return 0: 25 : printf, scanf (character) [ | G#include <stdio.h> // printfoi2] ASS Bet ag mY Be 2 3 Bint maintvoid) #/ main Se Alat aif 5 char co: 6 char smal l=32; 7 8 printhe "At obL} HEA BS Sh g scanf( "fc", &ey 10 printh( "HE At ce ASE ofA] BE SHS BHA Hn", ch in printf("-> fc, ce, fc, fc, fctin", c, ctl, c+2, c+3, c+4ys 12 printhC"H Est tc 2TAE SHOP ectin", c, c+smally 18 14 return O: 15 } Prof. DaeEun Kim ++ operation #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a=0, b=0; ++a; b++; printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b); b=a++; printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b); b=++a; printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b); printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a++, b++); printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b); return 0; } 27