DCF 40 Hours Child Care (HSAN) Health, Safety, and Nutrition (2022/2023), Exams of Nutrition and Aging

Download DCF 40 Hours Child Care (HSAN) Health, Safety, and Nutrition (2022/2023) and more Exams Nutrition and Aging in PDF only on Docsity! DCF 40 Hours Child Care (HSAN) Health, Safety, and Nutrition (2022/2023) Appetite - ✓✓✓A desire to eat. Isolation Area - ✓✓✓A designated area for a child who becomes ill at the facility, which must be away from the other, healthy children. Safety Hazards - ✓✓✓Things in the environment that can be identified as dangerous to one's health and welfare. Communicable Disease - ✓✓✓Disease that can be spread from one person to another. Disinfect - ✓✓✓To kill germs on surfaces or objects by using chemicals. This process does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove all germs, but by killing germs on a surface after cleaning, it can further lower the risk of spreading infection. Impermeable Surface - ✓✓✓A surface that is resistant to water, chemicals, and other fluids. These surfaces are required in areas such as changing stations, playpens, cots, and sleeping mats. Vaccine - ✓✓✓A product that protects an individual from contracting an infectious disease by stimulating their immune system. Health - ✓✓✓The total well-being of a person—including the physical, mental, and social self—in the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions. Clean - ✓✓✓To remove dirt, debris, and germs by scrubbing and washing with soap (or detergent) and water. The process does not necessarily kill germs, but lowers the risk of spreading infection. Evacuation Plan - ✓✓✓Procedures for getting children and staff out of a building; applied during fire drills and other emergency situations. Immunizations - ✓✓✓The process of administering a vaccine to make an individual protected from contracting an infectious disease. Nutrition - ✓✓✓The processes by which a person, animal, or plant takes in and utilizes food substances. Sanitize - ✓✓✓The process of destroying or reducing organisms to a safe level; including properly cleaned equipment and surfaces, such as sinks and sleep mats. Child care programs have a responsibility to maintain an environment that will promote children's health. What is health? - ✓✓✓Health is the total well-being of the child—including the physical, emotional, social, and mental self—in the absence of disease or abnormal conditions. Characteristics of a healthy environment that promote good health practices include: - ✓✓✓-Clean work and play areas -Proper hygiene practices -Implementation and routine practice of a written health policy Written policies regarding health practices are essential to maintaining a healthy environment in your child care program. - ✓✓✓-All policies should be accessible to all staff -At hire, employees should be given a copy of the policies -Rules should be posted and given to families Why is it important to have policies written? - ✓✓✓-To ensure parents and child care professionals are aware of procedures -To make sure everyone follows the same rules Establishing and following a written policy is an effective way of maintaining a safe and healthy child care program. - ✓✓✓Following your program's written health policies will help to ensure that the children in your care have an environment that is as free of disease as possible. Observation - ✓✓✓plays an essential role in determining a healthy environment and assists the caregiver in assessing the state of a child's health. A healthy child - ✓✓✓has a good appetite, appearance, and activity level. How are each of the senses used to observe a child? - ✓✓✓We can use our senses—sight, touch, sound, and smell—when checking for signs of wellness and/or illness. Sight - ✓✓✓- look at the child's complexion; observe for signs of pain or discomfort, such as limping, droopy eyes, or a runny nose -Severe coughing or sneezing -Hoarseness The (Physical) signs to observe in a daily health check - ✓✓✓-Skin color (flushed or pale, dry or clammy, hot) -Unusual spots, rashes -Swelling or bruises -Sores -Discharge from nose, ears, eyes -Eyes red, irritated, sensitive to light Other signs observed in children as part of a daily health check - ✓✓✓-Fever (over 101oF, taken orally) -Vomiting (all, or even part, of food consumed recently) -Bowel movement changes (changes in color, odor, frequency) -Pain (screaming, crying, head-rolling) -Skin Marks (rashes, bruises) A daily health checklist - ✓✓✓is beneficial to caregivers because it helps track patterns that alert caregivers to warning signs. It is important to remember - ✓✓✓-Daily health checks are essential for ensuring the health of children in care -Children's health records are confidential Fever - ✓✓✓may be a warning sign that the body has an infection and needs treatment before the infection can become harmful. You should take a child's temperature when the child is displaying symptoms such as: - ✓✓✓-Warm or hot to the touch -Sweating more than usual -Flushed appearance -Sleepiness -Unusual breathing -Poor appetite -May be more thirsty than usual We know a child has a fever by taking the child's temperature - ✓✓✓-under the arm and getting a reading of 100 degrees F -under the tongue and getting a reading of 101 degrees F Remember, as child care professionals, - ✓✓✓our job is to identify possible signs, NOT to diagnose. Signs of Dehydration - ✓✓✓-Dry to very dry mouth -Little or no tears when crying -Less active than usual, or very fussy -Infant will wet less than six diapers a day; a child will make fewer trips to the restroom than he/she normally does Signs of Severe Dehydration - ✓✓✓-Eyes will appear to be sunken -Hands and feet will be cool and blotchy -Pulse may seem weak and fast -Child will not urinate for hours The steps to prevent dehydration are dependent on the child's symptoms, and can include: - ✓✓✓-For mild diarrhea, do not give milk; it has a high concentration of minerals and salt, which could be dangerous to a child with diarrhea. -For vomiting, stop giving solid food, and give water at thirty- to sixty-minute intervals. -For both diarrhea and vomiting, stop the child's normal diet and discuss with parents. -Do not give a child sports drinks or any other similar drinks made for adults. In cases of diarrhea or vomiting - ✓✓✓-make sure you monitor the child's food and drink intake so you can relay this information to parents or a health care provider. -Take and record the child's temperature in short, regular intervals. -Write observations about bowel movement frequency, color, and characteristics. -Lastly, ensure you are in early and frequent communication with the child's parents. Heat exhaustion - ✓✓✓can occur when someone is exposed to high temperatures and strenuous physical activity. Without prompt treatment, heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke, which is life threatening. Heat exhaustion symptoms - ✓✓✓-excessive sweating -rapid pulse rate -cool, moist skin -dizziness -faintness -muscle cramps -headache -nausea Steps to treating heat exhaustion: - ✓✓✓1. The child's emergency contact should be notified. 2. Lay the person down in a cool and quiet place, with feet raised a little bit. 3. Loosen any tight clothing. Supply water or sports drinks to drink. 4. Use other cooling measures, such as towels soaked in cool water as compresses. 5. If signs of symptoms worsen or do not improve within an hour, seek medical attention. Seek immediate medical attention if the person's body temperature reaches 104 degrees or higher. Heat stroke symptoms - ✓✓✓-body's temperature rapidly rises to 104 degrees F -person becomes flushed, with hot, dry skin -strong, rapid pulse -quickly becomes confused or unconscious. Heat Stroke Instructions - ✓✓✓1. Call 9-1-1 (also child's emergency contact should be notified immediately) 2. Remove clothing and wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet; or sponge them with cold or tepid water. 3. Fan the person, either by hand, with an electric fan, or with a hair dryer set to cold. 4. When his or her temperature drops to 101 degrees F, place the person in the recovery position. 5. Cover the person with a dry sheet and continue to fan. If his or her temperature rises again, repeat the cooling procedure. For their well-being and for the prevention of illness and disease within your program - ✓✓✓It is important to recognize and respond appropriately to signs of illness in the children in your care List four types of germs: - ✓✓✓bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites Communicable disease - ✓✓✓is one that can be spread from one person to another. This usually results from the interaction between people, the environment, and germs. A communicable disease, also known as an infectious disease, is spread from one person to another. Exemptions to Immunization - ✓✓✓-If a child either temporarily or permanently cannot receive an immunization due to a medical condition, the physician must complete the section of the DH 680 Florida Certificate of Immunization stating the exemption. -If a family has religious or philosophical objections to immunization, the family must provide a DH 681 Religious Exemption From Immunization form to the child care program. In order to be in compliance with licensing regulations - ✓✓✓there must be an appropriate form on file for every child in care regarding immunizations. Remember, there are religious and philosophical objections to immunization, - ✓✓✓but there must be proper documentation for each child on record at the child care program. Several dangerous and potentially lethal diseases can be transmitted through - ✓✓✓direct contact with blood or any bodily fluid containing blood Standard Precautions or Universal Precautions - ✓✓✓The process for avoiding the transmission of diseases through contact with bodily fluids is referred to by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Standard Precautions should be used - ✓✓✓to handle potential exposure to blood, including blood- containing body fluids and tissue discharges, and to handle other potentially infectious fluids. Caregivers should use Standard Precautions to - ✓✓✓avoid contact with blood and bodily fluids, and remove children from any area where exposure to communicable diseases is possible. One of the most important things you can do - ✓✓✓is to wear gloves when working with any bodily fluid Keeping hands clean - ✓✓✓is one of the most important things we can do to stop the spread of germs and stay healthy. Proper personal hygiene - ✓✓✓is the most effective way of preventing the spread of germs and diseases in a child care setting. The process of cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting areas and items that children are most likely to have close contact with will - ✓✓✓reduce their potential exposure to germs. Child care programs that serve meals or snacks must ensure that - ✓✓✓the food they provide is safe for human consumption. Child care facilities must have a food and nutrition policy that not only addresses nutrition and food allergens, but also food safety. Food safety - ✓✓✓-Food must be in sound condition, free from spoilage and contamination. -Food preparation areas and food equipment/tableware must be properly maintained and sanitary. -Staff members must properly handle and prepare food. -Food must be maintained at proper temperatures. According to Florida Administrative Code: - ✓✓✓-Meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, and processed foods shall have been inspected under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) requirements -No raw milk or unpasteurized juice may be served without the written consent of the parent or legal guardian -No home-canned food may be served -No home-grown eggs may be served -No recalled food products may be served -All raw fruits and vegetables shall be washed thoroughly before being served or cooked Good sanitation is very important because - ✓✓✓illness-causing bacteria can survive in many places around food preparation and serving areas. Safe and sanitary food practices help keep a child care program free of germs and diseases, and include - ✓✓✓-using clean utensils and equipment; -applying correct storage and cooking techniques; -employing clean, healthy workers; -practicing safe food-handling procedures. Those working in food preparation areas - ✓✓✓-must use items such as napkins, disposable gloves, utensils, or other similar items to prevent skin contact with food -must wear a proper head covering, such as a hairnet or hat -should know how to wash their hands properly Food must be maintained at proper temperatures - ✓✓✓to avoid food related illness or death. The bacteria that causes food poisoning multiplies quickest in the"Danger Zone" between 40 and 140 degrees F. Refrigerators must be maintained at 41°F or below. To maintain safe food temperatures, milk and food must not sit out longer than 15 minutes to avoid contamination and spoilage unless - ✓✓✓maintained temperature at 41 degrees F or below for cold foods or 135 degree F or above for hot foods. The basic rule for serving food should be, - ✓✓✓'first food in, first food out' The American Academy of Pediatrics states, - ✓✓✓"Foods not requiring refrigeration should be stored at least six inches above the floor in clean, dry, well-ventilated storerooms or other approved areas. Food products should be stored in such a way (such as nonporous containers off the floor) as to prevent insects and rodents from entering the products." Proper administration of medication ensures - ✓✓✓avoiding consequences such as overdose or underdose, hindrance to the treatment of a condition, or complications to the child's illness. Administering Medication - ✓✓✓A child care program is not required to administer medication If medication is going to be administered - ✓✓✓Pay attention to the name of the recipient, dose, route, time, and date of the last dose, according to the child's medication log; whether or not the medicine is in its original package; permission slip from parent with signature; and which person(s) in the program are authorized to administer medication. Deciding whether or not to administer medication is - ✓✓✓a major responsibility of the caregiver. The characteristics of a safe child care environment are: - ✓✓✓-Potential hazards are kept at a minimum, or are completely avoided -The surroundings are neat and orderly -The children are constantly supervised -Caregivers have knowledge of, and practice, safety policies and procedures A safety hazard is - ✓✓✓anything in the environment that can be dangerous to a child's health or welfare. Child care programs need to utilize protective equipment for - ✓✓✓for safety and emergency preparedness. Poisoning - ✓✓✓-One of the most life-threatening hazards that child care professionals could encounter -Any substance that can cause harmful effects if used improperly List 3 types of Emergency Procedures - ✓✓✓-Evacuation -Shelter-in-place -Lockdown Shelter-in-Place Procedure - ✓✓✓This procedure is used when dealing with inclement weather, such as tornados. They are also used for a chemical spill, or other hazardous material spill, outside of the child care program. Call 9-1-1 (in cases of hazardous spills near your child care program) Seek shelter inside the child care program, away from windows Turn off all fans, and heating and cooling systems Listen carefully to emergency broadcast stations for instructions Be prepared to evacuate; situations might change rapidly Lockdown Procedure - ✓✓✓A lockdown procedure is important in the event there is a threat, such as an armed assailant, near the child care program. The purpose of a lockdown procedure is to give the impression that there is no one present at the child care program. Gathering all children and staff inside the building Calling 9-1-1 Locking all doors and windows once everyone is inside Turning off all lights, televisions, radios, and anything else that might make the building appear to have people inside Keeping children calm and quiet Remaining quiet and out of sight until police arrive Child Passenger Safety - ✓✓✓Children must never be left in a vehicle unsupervised. When transporting children, remember that two adults need to do a visual sweep of the entire vehicle to ensure no child has been left behind. Florida Law requires children to be secured by either a federally-approved child restraint seat or safety belt, and child care professionals should know the requirements for both the child care program and for sharing with families. Appetite - ✓✓✓A desire to eat. Hunger - ✓✓✓A craving or urgent need for food. Meal - ✓✓✓A portion of food eaten to satisfy appetite. Nutrient - ✓✓✓A nourishing substance or ingredient. Nutrition - ✓✓✓The processes by which an animal or plant takes in and utilizes food substances. Snack - ✓✓✓A light meal, or food eaten between regular meals. Thirst - ✓✓✓A desire or need to drink. Physical Development and Nutrition - ✓✓✓Each age group has specific nutritional needs that must be met in order to supply essential resources their bodies must have to grow and develop. The food needs of infants, babies, and children are essential for their growth and development. Food experiences also have an impact on: - ✓✓✓-Social skills or behaviors during meal times -Motor skills or dexterity in handling utensils and foods, and more, as we will see in this module These three developmental skills related to eating vary based on the age of the child. - ✓✓✓-Mouth patterns -Hand and body skills -Feeding skills or abilities Feeding Infants and Toddlers - ✓✓✓A very important feeding practice is to always hold and interact with infants while you feed them—you should NEVER prop a bottle. Breast milk, formula, and food must be handled in a sanitary manner at all times. All formula and food brought from home must be labeled with the child's first and last names. Prepared bottles must be refrigerated immediately and used within 48 hours. Better Nutrition Through Proper Eating Habits - ✓✓✓When the right foods are introduced at the right time, nutritional needs are met and skills develop properly. MyPlate - ✓✓✓The USDA has a campaign called MyPlate, which is used to illustrate healthy foods and proper portions at mealtime and snack time. The MyPlate campaign identifies the five major food groups as: - ✓✓✓-Fruits (1-2 cups a day) -Vegetables (1-3 cups a day) -Grains (3-8 oz a day) -Protein Foods (2-6 oz a day) -Dairy (2-3 cups a day) Oils - ✓✓✓"Oils are NOT a food group, but they provide essential nutrients. (3-6 tsps a day) Meal and Snack Planning - ✓✓✓Children in care for eight and fewer hours in one day should be offered at least one meal and two snacks or two meals and one snack. Children in care more than eight hours in one day should be offered at least two meals and two snacks or three snacks and one meal. A nutritious snack should be offered to all children in midmorning (if they are not offered a breakfast on- site that is provided within three hours of lunch) and in the middle of the afternoon. Children should be offered food at intervals at least two hours apart and not more than three hours apart unless the child is asleep. USDA Daily Recommendations - ✓✓✓The USDA provides daily recommendations based on a person's age, sex, and level of physical activity. The amount of exercise an individual gets per day has an effect on the amount of calories recommended by the USDA. Individuals who are more physically active should be allowed a higher caloric intake, as described by the USDA's MyPlate charts. Written Menus - ✓✓✓"Facilities should develop, at least one month in advance, written menus showing all foods to be served during that month and should make the menus available to parents/guardians. Food Allergies - ✓✓✓It is important for the child care program to be aware of any food allergies a child may have. This information should be shared with all individuals who are responsible for caring for the child. Food allergies affect 4-6% of children in the United States. Food Allergy symptoms - ✓✓✓A food allergy occurs when the body has a physical reaction to a specific food. Reactions to these foods can range from minor to severe. Minor reactions may include tingling on the tongue, a scratchy throat, or hives. Severe reactions include anaphylaxis, which may involve an itchy rash, throat swelling, weak pulse, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure or can lead to death. Choking - ✓✓✓When helping a choking child, it is as important to know what not to do as it is to know what to do.