Qualities of a Healthy Environment: Ensuring Child Health and Safety, Exams of Nursing

Download Qualities of a Healthy Environment: Ensuring Child Health and Safety and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Page 1 DCF Health, Safety- and Nutrition Questions & Answers Latest Update Assured Success 1. What are the qualities of a Healthy Environment? - ✓✓✓Clean work and play area, proper hygiene practices, implementation and routine practice of a writen health policy. 2. Why establish and follow a written health policy? - ✓✓✓It is an effective way of maintaining a safe and healthy child care program. 3. How do you know if your program has a written policy? - ✓✓✓Ask your VPK program director and it usually posted in various areas like sink, kitchen, table 4. Why should policies be written? - ✓✓✓1. To ensure parents and child care professionals are aware of procedures 2 to make sure everyone follows same rules. 5. How is each sense used to observe a child (touch)? - ✓✓✓Check for too much warmth or coldness. 6. How is each sense used to observe a child (smell)? - ✓✓✓Check for a bad smell or a change of smell. 7. How is each sense used to observe a child (taste)? - ✓✓✓Ask child if they taste something funny 8. How is each sense used to observe a child (sound)? - ✓✓✓Check for breathing is it easy or ragged, etc. 9. How is each sense used to observe a child (sight)? - ✓✓✓First observation of seeing a child's appearance and check all areas from head to toe. 10. The three A's of a healthy child are - ✓✓✓Appetite, Appearance and Activity 11. Appetite signs of a healthy child are - ✓✓✓Can eat an appropriate amount of food at meal times. Will Consume a variety of foods. Is interested in eating? Appears content after meals/snacks. 12. Appearance signs of healthy child are - ✓✓✓Has clear, bright eyes, clear skin, age appriopiate muscles, gains steadily in height/body weight 13. Activity signs of a healthy child are - ✓✓✓Has plenty of energy (not hyperactive), is alert, sleeps soundly and has few aches and pains. 14. Emotional health of a healthy child are - ✓✓✓a child who usually reflects happy, cheerful feelings P a g e 1 | 14 Page 2 15. Social health of a healthy child are - ✓✓✓a child who is friendly most of the time, interacts with other children and enjoys quiet activities that require concentration. 16. Menal health of a healthy child are - ✓✓✓a child who is interested in new experiences and is usally confident and adaptable. 17. Is a child with short-term emotional illness or disability a child with special needs. - ✓✓✓No 18. Can you give examples of short-term illness or disability? - ✓✓✓Ear infections vs. hearing loss; cold vs. asthma; sprained ankle vs. foot deformity; distress over fight vs. depression 19. What can you do to know what is normal for a particular child? - ✓✓✓Ask the parents for signs of well-being and their child normal displays. 20. Daily checks are a good way of: - ✓✓✓preventing, identifing and controlling illness in a child care environment. 21. Signs to observe in a daily health check in Behavior is: - ✓✓✓general mood (quiet, irritable, drousy, restless), unusual behavior, activity level, breathing difficulities, severe coughing, sneezing, hoarseness. 22. Signs to observe in a daily health chec in Face and Body: - ✓✓✓Skin color (flused, pale, dry, clammy, hot), unusual spots, raches, swelling or bruises, sores, discharge from nose, ears, eyes, red look to eyes, irritated sensitive to light. 23. Signs to observe in a daily health check in general: - ✓✓✓bowel movements (change in color, oder, frequency), pain (screaming, crying, head-rolling), skin marks (rashes, bruises, cuts) 24. Appetite - ✓✓✓desire to eat 25. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) - ✓✓✓A virus infection that renders the body incapable of fighting off the most common diseases and is usually fatal. This is considered to be the end stage of a HIV diagnosis. 26. Clean - ✓✓✓To remove dirt, debris and germs by scrubbing and washing with soap (or detergent) and water. The process does not necessary kill germs, but lowers the risk of spreading infection. 27. Communiable Disease - ✓✓✓Disease that can be spread from one person to another. 28. Dehydration - ✓✓✓Excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part. 29. Disease - ✓✓✓an illness P a g e 2 | 14 Page 5 59. Yellow Fever - ✓✓✓Headache, jaundice, fever, vomiting and bleeding. Transmitted by mosquitos. It must be reported to CDC. 60. Anthrax - ✓✓✓Reddish brown lesion that ulcerates and then forms a dark scab, later internal hemorhage, muscle pain, fever, vomiting. Transmitted by direct contact. It must be reported to CDC. 61. Campylobacter - ✓✓✓Diarrhea, sometimes bloody, low grade fever abdominal cramping. Transmited by bowel movement from hands to objects to mouth or possible drinking water. 62. Chicken Pox - ✓✓✓Slight fever, fine blisters appear first on scalp then on face and body. Isolation for 5-6 days after first appearance of blisters. Give acetaminophen for discomfort. 63. Common Cold - ✓✓✓Runny nose, watery eyes, chilliness and malaise. Transmitted by contact wth infected people., cough suppressants or decongestants 64. Conjunctivitis - ✓✓✓Pink Eye, Red eyes, eye discharge, crusted lids. Cannot attend child care/school until released by private physician. Good hand washing for prevention. Treatment Antibotics. 65. Aspirin - ✓✓✓do not give to children. 66. Coxsackie virus (Hand, foot and mouth disease) - ✓✓✓Mild fever, sore throat, sore mouth may look like cankersores, can have rash on hands, feet and buttocks. Transmited by fecal-oral route or respiratory secretion. Last for 3-6 days. Most infectious for 7 days after developing symptoms. Good hand washing. This infection is killed by heat, ultraviolet light and bleach. 67. Diphtheria - ✓✓✓Sore throat and fever. Transmitted by contact with infected people. Last for 2-5 days. Isolated until 2 cultures from both nose and throat taken to show clear of bacilli. Refer to CDC. Vaccinations for diphtheria. 68. Epidemic Meningitis - ✓✓✓Sudden onset of headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and frequently fine, spotted rash. Varies from 2 to 10 days. Cannot attend school/child care until released by physician. A physician may recommend certain antibiotics for exposed children and adults. 69. Fifth Disease - ✓✓✓May include fever, mild flu-like symptoms and a rash. Gives a slapped cheeck appearance. Rash spreads to arms and legs but disappears after a week. Transmitted by direct contact with respiratory secretions and droplets. Most contagious before symptons occur. Wash hands. Not necessary to exclude child from school. 70. Giardiasis - ✓✓✓People who feel sick may experience some or all of the following: diarrhea, gas, bloating, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and weakness. Transmitted by fecal-oral route and pets P a g e 5 | 14 Page 6 (beavers, cats, dogs and cattle) can receive/transmit. Last one to two weeks. Wash hands. Usually treated by medication prescribed by doctor. 71. Impetigo - ✓✓✓Flat, yellow, crusty or weeping patch on the skin. Transmitted by infected person by hand or clothes. 5 day. Bathe daily with mild soap. 24 hours after treatment. 72. Infectious Hepatitis - ✓✓✓Nausea, vimiting, extrem fatigue, often pain in upper abdomen folowed by jaundice. From 15 to 50 days. Cannot attend school/child care until released by physician or Health dept. 73. Measles - ✓✓✓Spreading rash that has spread over the body. Starts from ears, neck, trunks and extremities. Direct contact with droplets spread from nose, throat, mouth. 7-14 days Report disease to CDC. Immunization of MMR 74. Mercury Poisoning - ✓✓✓Chronic form includes irritability, excessive saliva, loosened teeth, gum disorders, slurred speech, Acute metallic taste in mouth, thirst, nausea, renal failuere. Transmitted by ingestion or inhalation of mercury or a mercury compound. Couple of minutes to 30 minutes. Can be found in industrial wastes, seafood, water, fungicides, antiseptics and pigments. Treatment gastric lavage with milk and eggs white or sodium bicarbonate, chelation with British anti lewisite (BAL) and fluid therapy. 75. Mumps - ✓✓✓Pain in cheeks, increased by chewing. Swelling over the jaw and in front of the ear. Transmitted by coughing sneezing or saliva. 12 to 18 days Isolate until swelling disappears. Use good hand washing. Vaccine available. 76. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) - ✓✓✓Tight dry cough that becomes more severe to croat, vomitting. Transmitted by infecte people. 7 to 10 days. Immunization and booster doses 77. Pinworms - ✓✓✓Are tiny white worms. Symptoms are irritation and itching of the anus. Spread by swallowing pinworm eggs from anus to mouth. Isolate as long as eggs are present. Hand washing after toileting/diaper. Consult physician. 78. Plague - ✓✓✓Painful enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla, groin or neck, fever rising to 106 F, introduce into the body by the bite of rat flea that has bitten an infected rat. Reportable disease to CDC. Treatment Antibiodics. 79. Polio - ✓✓✓Transmitted by infected people. 7 to 12 days Polio Vaccine. Isolation for 1 week. 80. Poliomyelitis - ✓✓✓Fever, headache, malaise, gastro disturbance, stiff neck. Often followed by paralysis. 7 to 12 days Cannot attend school until release from physician. Vaccination treatment 81. Rheumatic Fever - ✓✓✓Precipitated by a Strep infection. Unknown how it's spread by follows after Strep infection. Use antibiotics. P a g e 6 | 14 Page 7 82. Ringworm - ✓✓✓Flat, spreading scaly ring-shaped spots. The magins are usually reddish and elevated. Found on head scalp. Fungi grow easily on moist areas. 2 to 10 days. Consult physician. 83. Rubella (German Measles) - ✓✓✓Fever and general body rash. Fist signs may be swollen glands at the back of the skull and behind ears, followed by a rash. The rash fades rapidly and is usually gone within 3 days. Transmitted by sneezing/coughing 14 to 23 days . Cannot attend school until 4 days after onset of rash. Vaccine available. 84. Rubeola Measles - ✓✓✓Fever tiredness, cough, runny nose and inflamed eyes. These symptoms worsen over 3 days Blotchy rash apears on fourth day. The cough tends to be worse at night. Transmitted by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions. 7 to 18 days. Cannot attend school until after teh 4 day rash appears. Vaccines available. 85. Scabies - ✓✓✓Severe itching, small raised reddened areas or blisters with connectiong grayish-white lines Most commonly found in folds of skin. Transmitted by touch from another body containing parasites. Exclude until no more open lesions can be observed. Applying mite killing lotions and washing them off. 86. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning - ✓✓✓Nausea, light headedness, vomiting and tingling or numbness around mouth, followed by the paralysis of the extremities and possibly respiratory paralysis. Transmitted by easting clams, oysters or mussel that ingested poisonous protozoa "red tide". Within a few minutes of ingestion. Reportable disease. Treatment intravenous injection of weak solution of prostigmin methylsulfate and oxygen and artificial respiration. 87. Strep Infections - ✓✓✓Steptoccocci of several strains cause scarlet fever and strep/sore throat. Secretions from mouth, nose and ears. Transmitted by infeced people. 1 to 3 days Isolation for 1 day after treatment of antibiotics. 88. Tetanus - ✓✓✓Tetanus bacillus present in wound through soil contact with horses, street dust, farms. 4 to 3 weeks Immunization 89. Tuberculosis - ✓✓✓Consist of listlessness, loss of apetite, weight loss and low grade fever. Transmitted by ingestion of infected droplets. 4 to 6 weeks Vaccination. 90. Typhus - ✓✓✓Headaches, chills, fever, malaise and maculopapular rash. Transmitted from rodents to humans by bites of lice, fleas, ticks or mites. Typhus vaccine. 91. Vibrio Cholera - ✓✓✓Severe diarrhea and vomitting, muscular cramps, dehydration and depletion of electrolytes. Transmitted by spead by water and food that have been contaminated by feces of persons infected. Reportabel disease to CDC. Vaccination and boiling drinking water and eating only cooked foods. Treatment of antibiotics and drinking more water and electrolytes drinks. P a g e 7 | 14 Page 10 123.Safety hazards is - ✓✓✓anything in the environment that can be dangerous to a child's health or welfare. 124.Process of cleaning disinfecting areas and items to good hygiene practice - ✓✓✓toys, bathroom, tables, door knobs, water fountains 125.Food Handling - ✓✓✓Wash hands thoroughly, wear proper head covering, disposable gloves, wash fruits and vegetables before serving or cooking 126.Administer Medicine - ✓✓✓1. Writen concent 127.2. Proper labeling:name of student, dose, route, time, date & recording log 128.3. Wash hands 129.4. 5 R's (Right child, medication, dose, route, time) 130.Freezers must be at ___ and frozen foods must be ___ - ✓✓✓0 degrees Fahrenheit and foods labeled with item name anddates stored. 131.Elements of a Safe Environment are - ✓✓✓minimum hazards, neat surroundings, supervised children, knowledge and practice of safety policies and procedures 132.To prevent poisoning - ✓✓✓keep chemicals out of children's reach, follow safe food-handling procedures, obey directions on medicine labels, teach children not to place unfamiliar items in or near their mouths. 133.Psychological support for injured children is to respond - ✓✓✓calm, honest but positive, encourage to express feelings, remain pleasant and explain unfamiliar procedures, bring a favorite toy/blanket, watch your language. 134.How can a caregiver help to prevent accidents? - ✓✓✓Careful constant supervision, maintain a neat orderly environment, teaching children safe behaviors, providing ask and skill-level approp. toys, having a person on premises at all time who know first aid and CPR 135.Hazards on playground - ✓✓✓sharp corners, rusted and decreted equipment, pond not enclosed, unfenced areas 136.Hazards with Electical outlets - ✓✓✓toys near outles, too many cords, unprotected outlets 137.Hazards with bathrooms - ✓✓✓spills, cleaning products, hot water faucet 138.Hazards with playpens - ✓✓✓rips and tears, small toys, sharp objects near playpen P a g e 10 | 14 Page 11 139.Lockdown Procedures - ✓✓✓involves gathering children and staff in classroom and closing and locking all doors and windows and turning off lights. Everyone is to remain quiet and appear vacant. 140.Evacuation - ✓✓✓Fire will require evacuation which involves leaving the building or campus in an emergency. Other threats are bomb or chemical release. 141.Shelter-in-Place Procedure - ✓✓✓Inclement weather such as a tornado that threatens with little warning will require you to shelter-in-place. This involves creating a shelter out of the place where children and staff are by making the building as safe as posible from an outside threat. 142.Best practices of Car Seats, Safety Belts, and the Law - ✓✓✓Children under 3 must be in secured child- restraint. 143.Children under 4 through 5 secured in child-restraint or seat belt. Location-inside vehicle, direction-car seat faces, Seat belt path-correct, Tightness-firmness seat held in place. 144.Food experiences also have an impact on: - ✓✓✓Social Skills or behaviors durng meal times. 145.Motor Skill or dexteriy in handling utensils and food. 146.When is it appropiate to prop bottle? - ✓✓✓Never. It is important to hold infants during this time. 147.Where should you place the spoon when you feed a child solid food? - ✓✓✓In the middle of the child's tongue. 148.When should you burp an infant during feeding? - ✓✓✓Middle and end. 149.Basic nutritional needs of babies 0-4 weeks: - ✓✓✓8-12 feedings of Breast milk or 14-43 ounces Formula 150.Basic nutritional need of 1-4 month old baby is: - ✓✓✓6-10 feedings of Breat milk or 14-43 ounces Formula 151.Basic nutritional need of 4-6 month old baby is: - ✓✓✓6 -8 feedings of breask milk or 27-29 ounces Formula 152.grain products: 1-2 servings iron fortified infant cereals (1-8 tbs. after mixing per day) 153.juices: infant or regular 100 percent fruit juice only if able to drink from cup. 154.Should you serve chocolate, citrus fruits, egg whites, shellfish, honey, salt, fat, seasonings within 0-12 months? - ✓✓✓No, they could be allergic to it and could make them sick. Also, they do not need them or will miss it either. 155.Should grain products, juices, vegetables, fruit and protein food be given to a baby at 0-4 months? - ✓✓✓No, not at this point of life. P a g e 11 | 14 Page 12 156.Is it ok to give citrus, pineapple and tomatoe juices, vegetables, fruits and protein food at 4-6 months of age? - ✓✓✓No, avoid given them these food at this point. 157.Each age group has a _______ __________ needs that supply essential resources their bodies must have to grow and develop. - ✓✓✓specific nutritional 158.Pincer grasp - ✓✓✓Babies at 5-9 months can pick up fod with their fingers. 159.Basic nutritional need of 6-8 month old baby is: - ✓✓✓4-6 feedings of breast milk or formula (24-32 ounces) 160.Grain products: 2 servings 161.Juices: 100% fruit juice in cup 162.Vegetables: 1-2 servings plain strained or pureed cooked 163.Fruits: 1-2 servingsplain, strained or pureed 164.Protein Food: may be introduced 165.Basic nutritional need of 8-10 month old baby is: - ✓✓✓4-6 feedings of breast milk or formula (24-32 ounces) 166.Grain products: 2-3 servings 167.Juices: 100% fruit juice in cup 168.Vegetables: 2 servings plain strained or pureed cooked 169.Fruits: 2 servingsplain, strained or pureed 170.Protein Food: 1-6 tbs per day of pureed, finely chopped or plain strained lean meat, poultry, fish, egg yolk, cheese, yogurt, mashed beans or peas. 171.Basic nutritional need of 10-12 month old baby is: - ✓✓✓4-6 feedings of breast milk or formula (24-32 ounces) 172.Grain products: 2-3 servings 173.Juices: 100% fruit juice in cup 174.Vegetables: 2 servings plain strained or pureed cooked 175.Fruits: 2 servingsplain, strained or pureed 176.Protein Food: 1-6 tbs per day of pureed, finely chopped or plain strained lean meat, poultry, fish, egg yolk, cheese, yogurt, mashed beans or peas. 177.How to determine caloric needs and USDA recommended amounts of each food group in the "My Plate"? - ✓✓✓Make half the plate fruit and vegetables, make half of grains whole grains, 8 oz of protein food, and milk. 178.1000 Calorie of My Plate what does it look like and what age? - ✓✓✓2 yrs. Grain 4 oz., Veggie 1.5 cups, Fruit 1.5 cups, Dairy Group 2.5 cups, Protein 4 ozs. P a g e 12 | 14