Forestry Science: Glossary of Forestry Terms, Slides of Wildlife Ecology

Download Forestry Science: Glossary of Forestry Terms and more Slides Wildlife Ecology in PDF only on Docsity! Forestry Science Definitions Docsity.com Acre A unit of land measurement consisting of 43,560 square feet or 10 square chains. A square acre measures 208.7 feet on each side. Docsity.com Annual Ring A ring of wood put on each year by a growing tree; that is, the line indicating the growth for the period of one year. From the annual rings the age of the tree may be determined. Docsity.com Artificial Regeneration Establishing a new forest by planting seedlings or by direct seeding. Docsity.com Best Management Practices (BMPs) A practice or combination of practices, that is determined by a state (or designated area-wide planning agency), after problem assessment, examination of alternative practices and appropriate public participation, to be the most effective, practicable (including technological, economic, environmental, and institutional considerations) means of preventing or reducing the amount of pollution generated by non-point sources to a level compatible with water quality goals. Docsity.com Catface A scar on a tree resulting from turpentine operations; an old wound or burn. Docsity.com Chain A unit of measure 66 feet or 4 rods long. Docsity.com Chip-N-Saw Generally, trees larger than pulpwood size, but smaller than saw timber trees (often between 10" - 12" DBH). These trees are used to produce pulp chips and lumber. Docsity.com Competition The struggle among trees for growth requirements such as sunlight, nutrients, water, and growing space. Competition goes on among both the roots and crowns of trees in the same stand. Docsity.com Conifer • A tree bearing seed cones; usually an evergreen. • A softwood. • See Gymnosperms. Docsity.com Conservation The protection, improvement, and wise use of natural resources to provide the greatest social and economic value for the present and future. Docsity.com Crown The expanse of branches, twigs, and foliage of a tree; the tree top. Docsity.com Cubic Foot A wood volume measurement containing one cubic foot of wood, such as a piece of wood measuring 1 foot on a side. A cubic foot of wood actually contains about 6 to 10 usable board feet of lumber rather than 12 board feet because some wood is lost as sawdust and shaving during processing. Docsity.com Deciduous Tree A tree that drops its leaves at some time during the year, usually in the fall. These are primarily hardwoods such as oak, hickory, ash and sweetgum. Magnolia and American holly are evergreen hardwoods and not classified as deciduous trees. Docsity.com Firebreak A plowed barrier, often made by a bulldozer pulling a fireplow, designed to stop an advancing wildfire or to act as a line from where to work during fire fighting efforts. Docsity.com Forest Floor The covering of the mineral soil of a forest -- humus, duff and litter – under- forest growth. Docsity.com Forest Management • Giving the forest proper care so it stays healthy and vigorous and provides the products and values the landowner desires. • Technical definition: Applying technical forestry principles, practices and business techniques (such as accounting, benefit-cost analysis, etc.) to forest management. Docsity.com Gymnosperms The botanical name for the group of plants that includes the so-called softwoods; literally the word means "seeds not enclosed." Terms commonly applied to trees belonging to the gymnosperm group: softwoods, evergreens, nonporous wood, needle- or scale-leaved trees, and conifers. Most, but not all, true gymnosperms are needle-leaved, evergreen, and cone-bearing. Docsity.com Hardwood A loose term generally including all species of trees that lose their leaves in winter. Some hardwoods, such as magnolia, retain leaves throughout the year. Soft hardwoods are soft-textured, such as maple, hackberry, sweetgum, yellow poplar, magnolia, blackgum and sycamore. Hard hardwoods are hard-textured such as birch, hickory, oak, dogwood, wild persimmon and black locust. Hardwood species often are used for furniture, flooring, paneling, fine veneers, pallets and firewood. Docsity.com Harvest Removing trees on an area to (1) obtain income from the wood products; (2) develop the environment necessary to regenerate the forest. Docsity.com Incising Making slit-like holes in the lateral surface of timbers that are resistant to treatment, so deeper and more uniform penetration of preservative may be obtained. Docsity.com Intolerance The incapacity of a tree to develop and grow in the shade of, and in competition with, other trees. Docsity.com Log To cut and remove logs from an area. Docsity.com Merchantable Trees or stands of size and quality suitable for marketing and utilization. They may or may not be located to be accessible for logging. Also, a specific grade of southern yellow pine timbers. Docsity.com Naval Stores A term applied to turpentine and rosin. Docsity.com Nursery, Forest Trees An area where young trees are grown for forest planting. It may be characterized as a temporary or permanent seedling or transplant. Docsity.com Pole • A young tree 4 inches d.b.h. or more. The maximum size of poles is usually, though not invariably, taken to some d.b.h. between 8 and 12 inches. • Used in structural applications that require timber relatively straight and knot free. Examples are poles used to support telephone lines. Can range in length from 30-125 feet. One of the most valuable timber products. Docsity.com Prescribed Burning Burning carried out under the direct supervision of crews trained in the methods of when, where, and how fire can be used beneficially to improve timber management. Docsity.com Preservation Wood preservation is the art of protecting timber and wood products against the action of destructive living organisms, especially fungi, insects, and marine borers. Usually refers to the treatment of wood with chemical substances (preservatives) that reduce its susceptibility to deterioration by organisms. Docsity.com Reforestation The propagation of trees by natural or artificial means. Docsity.com Sapling A young tree less than 4 inches d.b.h. The minimum size of saplings is usually, though not invariably, placed at 2 inches d.b.h. Docsity.com Silviculture The art of producing and tending a forest; the application of the knowledge silvics in the treatment of a forest; the theory and practice of controlling forest establishment, composition, and growth. Docsity.com Softwood One of the botanical group of trees that generally have needle or scale-like leaves, such as conifers. Also, the wood produced by such trees regardless of texture or density. Docsity.com Species (of trees) Subordinate to a genus. Trees having common characteristics. In common language, a kind or variety of tree. Docsity.com Stumpage Standing timber, or the value of timber as it stands. Stumpage often is estimated by the acre, cord, or thousand board feet. Docsity.com