Physics Course Overview: Electricity, Magnetism, Waves, and Quantum Mechanics, Slides of Physics

Download Physics Course Overview: Electricity, Magnetism, Waves, and Quantum Mechanics and more Slides Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Department of Physics Courses 1 Department of Physics Courses About Course Numbers: Each Carnegie Mellon course number begins with a two-digit prefix that designates the department offering the course (i.e., 76-xxx courses are offered by the Department of English). Although each department maintains its own course numbering practices, typically, the first digit after the prefix indicates the class level: xx-1xx courses are freshmen-level, xx-2xx courses are sophomore level, etc. Depending on the department, xx-6xx courses may be either undergraduate senior-level or graduate-level, and xx-7xx courses and higher are graduate-level. Consult the Schedule of Classes (https://enr-apps.as.cmu.edu/open/SOC/SOCServlet/) each semester for course offerings and for any necessary pre-requisites or co-requisites. 33-100 Basic Experimental Physics All Semesters: 6 units This course provides students with a basic introduction to experimental physics. The content of the course and the particular experiments to be carried out are chosen to be especially useful for students who intend to work in the health sciences. Specific topics will range from mechanics to nuclear and atomic physics. This course is specifically geared toward pre- health students. 33-101 Physics First Year Seminar Fall Various seminars are offered that introduce first-year students to current topics of modern physics. These are mini courses that meet for half a semester. In the past, seminar topics have included: Science and Science Fiction, Astrophysics, Black Holes, Cosmology and Supernovae, Elementary Particles, and The Building Blocks of Matter. These seminars are open only to MCS first year students. 33-104 Experimental Physics All Semesters: 9 units This course provides first year students and sophomores with an introduction to the methods of experimental physics. Particular emphasis is placed on three aspects of experimentation: laboratory technique, including both the execution and the documentation of an experiment; data analysis, including the treatment of statistical and systematic errors and computer-aided analysis of experimental data; and written communication of experimental procedures and results. The concepts and skills for measurement and data analysis are acquired gradually through a series of experiments covering a range of topics from mechanics to nuclear and atomic physics. 33-106 Physics I for Engineering Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This is a first semester, calculus-based introductory physics course. Basic principles of mechanics and thermodynamics are developed. Topics include vectors, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, equilibrium, mass, Newton's laws, gravitation, work, energy, momentum, impulse, temperature, heat, equations of state, thermodynamic processes, heat engines, refrigerators, first and second laws of thermodynamics, and the kinetic theory of gases. 33-107 Physics II for Engineering Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This is the second half of a two-semester calculus-based introductory physics sequence for engineering students. The course covers waves, including standing and travelling waves, superposition, beats, reflection, interference, electricity, including electrostatics and electric fields, Gauss' law, electric potential, and simple circuits, magnetism, including magnetic forces, magnetic fields, induction and electromagnetic radiation. Prerequisites: 33-106 and 21-120 33-111 Physics I for Science Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This calculus based course combines the basic principles of mechanics with some quantum physics and relativity to explain nature on both a microscopic and macroscopic scale. The course will build models to describe the universe based on a small number of fundamental physics principles. Some simple computer modeling will be done to develop insight into the solving of problems using Newton's laws. Topics covered will include vectors, momentum, force, gravitation, oscillations, energy, quantum physics, center of mass motion, angular momentum, statistical physics, and the laws of thermodynamics. No computer experience is needed. 33-112 Physics II for Science Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This is the second semester course that follows 33-111. Electricity and magnetism is developed, including the following topics: Coulomb's law, polarization, electric field, electric potential, DC circuits, magnetic field and force, magnetic induction, and the origins of electromagnetic waves. Prerequisites: 33-111 and 21-120 33-114 Physics of Musical Sound Spring: 9 units An introduction to the physics and psychophysics of musical sound. Elementary physics of vibrating systems. Propagation of sound: traveling waves, reflection, and diffraction. Addition of waves: interference and beats. Anatomy of the ear and the perception of sound: loudness, pitch, and timbre. Standing waves and natural modes. Qualitative description of general periodic systems by Fourier analysis: the harmonic series and complex musical tones. The acoustics of musical instruments including percussion instruments, such as drums, bars, and struck and plucked strings; and instruments exhibiting self-sustained oscillations, including bowed strings, blown pipes, reeds, brasses, and singing. Intervals and consonance, musical scales, tuning and temperament. Basic room and auditorium acoustics. There are no formal prerequisites, but an ability to read music and having some previous musical experience will be very useful. 33-115 Physics for Future Presidents Fall: 9 units Countless topics of social and political importance are intimately related to science in general and physics in particular. Examples include energy production, global warming, radioactivity, terrorism, and space travel. This course aims to provide key bits of knowledge based on which such issues can be discussed in a meaningful way, i.e., on the level of arguments and not just vague beliefs. We will cover an unusually wide range of topics, including energy, heat, gravity, atoms, radioactivity, chain reactions, electricity, magnetism, waves, light, weather, and climate. No calculus or algebra will be required. The course is open for all students at CMU. 33-120 Science and Science Fiction Summer: 9 units We will view and critique the science content in a selection of science fiction films, spanning more than 100 years of cinematic history, and from sci-fi TV shows from the past 50+ years. Guided by selected readings from current scientific literature, and aided by order-of-magnitude estimates and careful calculations, we will ponder whether the films are showing things which may fall into one of the following categories: Science fiction at the time of production, but currently possible, due to recent breakthroughs. Possible, in principle, but beyond our current technology. Impossible by any science we know. Topics to be covered include the future of the technological society, the physics of Star Trek, the nature of space and time, extraterrestrial intelligence, robotics and artificial intelligence, biotechnology and more. Success of this course will depend upon class participation. Students will be expected to contribute to discussion of assigned readings and problems, and to give brief presentations in class on assigned films. 33-121 Physics I for Science Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This calculus-based course combines the basic principles of mechanics with some quantum physics and relativity to explain nature on both a microscopic and macroscopic scale. The course will build models to describe the universe based on a small number of fundamental physics principles. Some simple computer modeling will be done to develop insight into the solving of problems using Newton's laws. Topics covered will include vectors, momentum, force, gravitation, oscillations, energy, quantum physics, center of mass motion, rotation, angular momentum, statistical physics, and the laws of thermodynamics. No computer experience is needed. Examples illustrating basic principles being presented will be taken from physics, chemistry, and biology. 33-122 Physics II for Biological Sciences and Chemistry Students Fall and Spring: 9 units This is the second course in the introductory physics sequence for chemistry and biological science majors. The course will consist of eight portions covering (1) electrostatics and dynamics, (2) electrical circuits, (3) magnetism, (4) waves, (5) optics, (6) diffusive motion, and (7) hydrostatic forces and flow. Emphasis will be put on the application of the underlying physical principles in the study of biology and chemistry. Prerequisites: (33-121 and 21-120) or 33-151 or 33-141 or (21-120 and 33-111) or 33-131 or 33-106 2 Department of Physics Courses 33-124 Introduction to Astronomy Fall: 9 units Astronomy continues to enjoy a golden age of exploration and discovery. This course presents a broad view of astronomy, straightforwardly descriptive and without any complex mathematics. The goal of the course is to encourage non-technical students to become scientifically literate and to appreciate new developments in the world of science, especially in the rapidly developing field of astronomy. Subjects covered include the solar system, stars, galaxies and the universe as a whole. The student should develop an appreciation of the ever-changing universe and our place within it. Computer laboratory exercises will be used to gain practical experience in astronomical techniques. In addition, small telescopes will be used to study the sky. This course is specifically geared toward non-science/engineering majors. 33-126 Astronomy Lab Fall: 3 units This course is the laboratory source in science and astronomy. It overviews the scientific method, teaches how to obtain knowledge from data and to develop physics-based models of natural phenomena, trains how to use astronomical instruments (telescope) to make observations and to explain these observations qualitatively, and explains how to apply of the state-of- the art professional software to study our universe. Astronomy is one of the oldest fields of science with at least 3000 years of recorded history. On the astronomy side, major topics of this laboratory course include an overview of the Solar system and the Universe. The goals of the laboratory course are to expand the student?s understanding of the motions of objects through the sky, to use astronomical techniques, such as telescope and simulated observations, and to obtain, analyze, and interpret data. 33-131 Matter and Interaction I Fall: 12 units A more challenging alternative to 33-111, Physics for Science Students I. Students with particularly strong physics backgrounds may volunteer for this course. Modeling of physical systems, including 3D computer modeling, with emphasis on atomic-level description and analysis of matter and its interactions. Momentum, numerical integration of Newton's laws, ball-and-spring model of solids, harmonic oscillator, energy, energy quantization, mass-energy equivalence, multiparticle systems, collisions, angular momentum including quantized angular momentum, kinetic theory of gases, statistical mechanics (temperature, entropy, and specific heat of the Einstein solid, Boltzmann factor). 33-132 Matter and Interactions II Spring: 12 units A more challenging alternative to 33-112, Physics for Science Students II. Emphasis on atomic-level description and analysis of matter and its electric and magnetic interactions. Coulomb's law, polarization, electric field, plasmas, field of charge distributions, microscopic analysis of resistor and capacitor circuits, potential, macroscopic analysis of circuits, Gauss' law, magnetic field, atomic model of magnetism, Ampere's law, magnetic force, relativistic issues, magnetic induction with emphasis on non-Coulomb electric field, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic radiation including its production and its effects on matter, re-radiation, interference. Computer modeling and visualization; desktop experiments. Prerequisites: 21-120 and 33-131 33-141 Physics I for Engineering Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This is a first semester, calculus-based introductory physics course. Basic principles of mechanics and thermodynamics are developed. Topics include vectors, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, equilibrium, mass, Newton's laws, gravitation, work, energy, momentum, impulse, torque and angular momentum, temperature, heat, equations of state, thermodynamic processes, heat engines, refrigerators, first and second laws of thermodynamics, and the kinetic theory of gases. 33-142 Physics II for Engineering and Physics Students Fall and Spring: 12 units This is the second half of a two-semester calculus-based introductory physics sequence for engineering and physics students. Two fifths of the course covers electricity, including electrostatics and electric fields, Gauss' law, electric potential, and simple circuits. Two fifths cover magnetism, including magnetic forces, magnetic fields, induction and electromagnetic radiation. One fifth of the course covers mechanical waves (including standing and traveling waves, superposition, and beats) and electromagnetic waves (including mode of propagation, speed, and other properties). Prerequisites: 33-106 or 33-141 or (21-120 and 33-111) or 33-131 or 33-151 or (21-120 and 33-121) 33-151 Matter and Interactions I Fall: 12 units For students with a strong physics background who are interested using calculus-based mechanics to learn about topics such as dark matter, particle physics, and quantum phenomena, Matter and Interactions I provides an excellent alternative to Physics for Science Students. This course places great emphasis on constructing and using physical models, with a special focus on computer modeling to solve problems. Throughout the course, both traditional analytics techniques and scientific computing will be used to solve mechanical problems going from planetary systems, spring-based systems and nuclear scattering. Topics covered include Newton's Laws, microscopic models of solids, energy, energy quantization, mass-energy equivalence, multi particle systems, collisions, angular momentum including quantized angular momentum, kinetic theory of gases and statistical mechanics. Students are encouraged to do an optional research project that will be presented at a departmental poster session at the end of the semester. Prerequisite: 21-120 33-152 Matter and Interactions II Spring: 12 units A more challenging alternative to 33-142, Physics II for Engineering and Physics Students. There is an emphasis on atomic-level description and analysis of matter and its electric and magnetic interactions. Topics include: Coulomb's law, polarization, electric field, plasmas, field of charge distributions, microscopic analysis of resistor and capacitor circuits, potential, macroscopic analysis of circuits, Gauss' law, magnetic field, atomic model of magnetism, Ampere's law, magnetic force, relativistic issues, magnetic induction with emphasis on non-Coulomb electric field, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic radiation including its production and its effects on matter, re-radiation, interference. There will also be computer modeling, visualization and desktop experiments. Prerequisites: (21-122 and 33-151) or (21-122 and 33-131) 33-201 Physics Sophomore Colloquium I Fall: 2 units This course (together with 33-202) is designed to give students an overview of the field of Physics and to help students make knowledgeable choices in both their academic and professional careers. We discuss several of the sub-fields of Physics in order to give students an understanding of the types of activities, from research to industrial applications, in each. Over the two semesters, we typically discuss six subfields in some detail with the goal of providing a minimal literacy in the relevant concepts and language. The course consists of one classroom lecture per week plus one hour per week of reading and/or problem solving. 33-202 Physics Sophomore Colloquium II Spring: 2 units Continuation of 33-201. 33-211 Physics III: Modern Essentials Fall and Spring: 10 units Physics III is primarily for third-semester students of physics, including all physics majors, but is open to any qualified student who wants an introduction to the physics of the 20th century. The course will have a strong component of Special Relativity, dealing with kinematics and dynamics, but not electricity and magnetism. (See 33-213 description.) It will introduce students to a conceptual theory, which is mathematically simple but (initially) non-intuitive. The course also provides a broad exposure to quantum phenomena and early quantum theory without getting overly mathematical. It leads into the more formal Quantum Physics course (33-234). Prerequisites: 33-112 or 33-122 or 33-107 or 33-142 or 33-152 or 33-132 33-213 Mini-Course in Special Relativity Fall and Spring: 4 units This course spans the first six weeks of 33-211, Physics III: Modern Essentials. It treats the Mechanics aspects of Special Relativity, including topics such as simultaneity, the Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length contraction, space-time geometry, resolving some famous puzzles, and the momentum, mass, and energy relations. The Electricity and Magnetism portions of the subject are deferred until the junior/senior courses in E and M (33-338/33-339). Prerequisites: 33-132 or 33-122 or 33-152 or 33-142 or 33-112 or 33-107 Department of Physics Courses 5 33-444 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics Spring: 9 units Description of our understanding of nuclei, elementary particles, and quarks, with equal emphasis on the nuclear and particle aspects of sub- atomic matter. We discuss the physics of accelerators, and how particle interactions with matter lead to various kinds of detector instrumentation. Then we discuss methods for measuring sub-atomic structure, symmetries and conservation laws, and the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. We examine the quark model of the mesons and baryons, as well as several models of the atomic nucleus. Prerequisites: 33-338 and 33-234 33-445 Advanced Quantum Physics I Fall: 9 units Mathematics of quantum theory, linear algebra and Hilbert spaces; review of classical mechanics; problems with classical mechanics; postulates of quantum theory; one dimensional applications; the harmonic oscillator; uncertainty relations; systems with N degrees of freedom, multi-particle states, identical particles; approximation methods. Prerequisite: 33-234 33-446 Advanced Quantum Physics II Spring: 9 units Classical symmetries; quantum symmetries; rotations and angular momentum; spin; addition of angular momentum; the hydrogen atom; quantum "paradoxes" and Bell's theorem; applications. Prerequisite: 33-445 33-448 Introduction to Solid State Physics Spring: 9 units This course gives a quantitative description of crystal lattices, common crystal structures obtained by adding a basis of atoms to the lattice, and the definition and properties of the reciprocal lattice. Diffraction measurements are studied as tools to quantify crystal lattices, including Bragg's law and structure factors. Diffraction from amorphous substances and liquids is also introduced. The various types of atomic bonding, e.g., Van der Waals, metallic, ionic, covalent and hydrogen are surveyed. Binding energies of some crystalline structures are calculated. Models of crystal binding are generalized to include dynamics, first for classical lattice vibrations and then for quantized lattice vibrations known as phonons. These concepts are used to calculate the heat capacities of insulating crystals, to introduce the concept of density of states, and to discuss phonon scattering. The band theory of solids is developed, starting with the free electron model of a metal and culminating with the properties of conductors and semiconductors. Magnetic phenomena such as paramagnetism and the mean field theory of ferromagnetism are covered to the extent that time permits. Prerequisites: 33-341 and (33-234 or 33-225) 33-451 Senior Research Fall and Spring Open to all senior physics majors. May include research done in a research lab, extending the capabilities of a teaching lab, or a theoretical or computational physics project. The student experiences the less structured atmosphere of a research program where there is much room for independent initiative. Modern Physics Laboratory, 33-340, should precede this course, though it is not required. A list of research projects is available. The student must contact a faculty member and/or the Assistant Head for the Undergraduate Affairs before registering so that student project pairings can be set. Reports on results are required at end of semester. 33-456 Advanced Computational Physics Spring: 9 units This course extends the study of the topics of 33-241 emphasizing practical numerical, symbolic and data-driven computational techniques as applied to a selection of currently active research areas. It is taught by faculty and staff actively engaged in a variety of areas of computational science. Numerical methods may include SVD decomposition, chi-squared minimization, and Fast Fourier Transforms and Monte Carlo simulation of experiments. Applications may include data analysis, eigenvalue problems and others depending on the research activities of the instructors. The students will be expected to become proficient in a specific programming language and to gain the ability to move to other languages and algorithms as their future computationally intensive efforts may require. Prerequisite: 33-241 33-466 Extragalactic Astrophysics and Cosmology Spring: 9 units Starting from the expanding universe of galaxies, this course lays out the structure of the universe from the Local Group of galaxies to the largest structures observed. The observational pinnacle of the Big Bang theory, the microwave background radiation, is shown to provide us with many clues to conditions in the early universe and to the parameters which control the expansion and fate of the universe. Current theories for the development of galaxies and clusters of galaxies are outlined in terms of our current understanding of dark matter. Observational cosmology continues to enjoy a golden era of discovery and the latest observational results will be interpreted in terms of the basic cosmological parameters. Prerequisites: 33-224 and 33-234 33-467 Astrophysics of Stars and the Galaxy Fall: 9 units The physics of stars is introduced from first principles, leading from star formation to nuclear fusion to late stellar evolution and the end points of stars: white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. The theory of stellar structure and evolution is elegant and impressively powerful, bringing together all branches of physics to predict the life cycles of the stars. The basic physical processes in the interstellar medium will also be described, and the role of multi-wavelength astronomy will be used to illustrate our understanding of the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy, from the massive black hole at the center to the halo of dark matter which emcompasses it. Prerequisites: 33-234 and 33-224 33-499 Supervised Reading Fall and Spring The student explores a certain area of advanced physics under the supervision of a faculty member. The student must contact a faculty member and the Assistant Head for Undergraduate Affairs before registering. 33-650 General Relativity Fall: 9 units General Relativity is the classical theory of gravity. It is widely recognized as a beautiful theory - equating gravity and the geometry of spacetime leads to a profound conceptual change in the way we regard the universe. The predictions of the theory are relevant to systems as varied as high precision measurements of the earth's gravitational field or the strongly curved space-times around black holes. In this course, we will gradually develop an understanding of the geometries which are the solutions of the Einstein equation, with an emphasis on their relevance to physical situations. We will motivate the theory step by step and eventually introduce the Einstein equation itself. Prerequisites: 33-211 and 33-339 33-658 Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Theory Spring: 10 units This course provides an overview of recent developments in quantum computation and quantum information theory. The topics include: a review of relevant concepts in quantum mechanics and in information theory. It will then cover quantum channels, both ideal and noisy, quantum cryptography, an introduction to computational complexity, Shors factorization algorithm, Grovers search algorithm, and proposals for the physical realization of quantum devices, such as correlated photons, ions in traps, and nuclear magnetic resonance. It will also include hands-on experience running programs on cloud quantum computers. Prerequisite: 33-234 33-659 Quantum Hall Effect and Topological Insulators Intermittent: 12 units This course will introduce students to the topic of topological insulators and related phenomena using the Berry phase a unifying concept. In the first half of the semester, we will cover basic concepts such as Berry phase, Dirac fermions, Hall conductance and its link to topology, and the Hofstadter problem of lattice electrons in a magnetic field. Linear response theory will be discussed in relation to the Hall conductance. In the second half, we will move on to explain topological phases of matter such as Chern insulators and two- and three-dimensional topological insulators. Various techniques to calculate the topological indices will be introduced and connection to real materials will be discussed. Numerical studies of various tight-binding models provide intuitive understandings and will be an essential part of this course. Prerequisite: 33-448 6 Department of Physics Courses 33-755 Quantum Mechanics I Fall: 12 units This course introduces fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. Applications are made to quantum computing, the harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom, electron spin and addition of angular momentum. 3hrs. lecture. Prerequisite: 33-446 33-756 Quantum Mechanics II Spring: 12 units This course focuses on qualitative and approximation methods in quantum mechanics, including time-independent and time-dependent perturbation theory, scattering and semiclassical methods. Applications are made to atomic, molecular and solid matter. Systems of identical particles are treated including many electron atoms and the Fermi gas. Prerequisite: 33-755, Quantum Mechanics I; 33-759 Theoretical Physics. 3 hrs. lecture. Typical Text: Cohen-Tannoudji Quantum Mechanics, volume 2. Prerequisites: 33-755 and 33-759 33-758 Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Theory Spring: 12 units This course, taught in collaboration with the Computer Science Department, provides an overview of recent developments in quantum computation and quantum information theory. The topics include: an introduction to quantum mechanics, quantum channels, both ideal and noisy, quantum cryptography, an introduction to computational complexity, Shor's factorization algorithm, Grover's search algorithm, and proposals for the physical realization of quantum devices, such as correlated photons, ions in traps, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The textbook is Nielsen and Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. 3 hrs. lecture plus weekly seminar. A 10 unit version of the course, 33-658, does not include the seminar. 33-759 Introduction to Mathematical Physics I Fall: 12 units This course is an introduction to methods of mathematical analysis used in solving physical problems. Emphasis is placed both upon the generality of the methods, through a variety of sample problems, and upon their underlying principles. Topics normally covered include matrix algebra (normal modes, diagonalization, symmetry properties), complex variables and analytic functions, differential equations (Laplace's equation and separation of variables, special functions and their analytic properties), orthogonal systems of functions. 33-761 Classical Electrodynamics I Fall: 12 units This course deals with the static and dynamic properties of the electromagnetic field as described by Maxwell's equations. Among the topics emphasized are solutions of Laplace's, Poisson's and wave equations, effects of boundaries, Green's functions, multipole expansions, emission and propagation of electromagnetic radiation and the response of dielectrics, metals, magnetizable bodies to fields. Prerequisite: 33-339 33-762 Classical Electrodynamics II Spring: 12 units The applications of electromagnetic theory to various physical systems is the main emphasis of this course. The topics discussed include the theory of wave guides, scattering of electromagnetic waves, index of refraction, special relativity and foundation of optics. 3 hrs. lecture. Typical Text: Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics. 2nd Ed. 33-765 Statistical Mechanics Spring: 12 units This course develops the methods of statistical mechanics and uses them to calculate observable properties of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. Topics treated include the principles of classical thermodynamics, canonical and grand canonical ensembles for classical and quantum mechanical systems, partition functions and statistical thermodynamics, fluctuations, ideal gases of quanta, atoms and polyatomic molecules, degeneracy of Fermi and Bose gases, chemical equilibrium, ideal paramagnetics and introduction to simple interacting systems. 3 hrs. lecture, 1 hr. recitation. Typical Texts: Reif, Statistical and Thermal Physics; Pathria, Statistical Mechanics. 33-767 Biophysics: From Basic Concepts to Current Research Spring: 12 units This course mixes lectures and student presentations on advanced topis in Biological Physics. In the course, students will gain a deep appreciation of the fact that very basic physical and chemical principles underly many central life processes. Life is not only compatible with the laws of physics and chemistry, rather, it exploits them in ingenious ways. After taking the course, students should be able to name examples of such situations for which they can provide a coherent line of reasoning that outlines these connections. They will be able to explain key experiments by which these connections either have been found or are nowadays routinely established, and outline simple back-of-the-envelope estimates by which one can convince oneself of either the validity or inapplicability of certain popular models and ideas. They should also have become sufficiently familiar with the key terminology frequently encountered in biology, such that they can start to further educate themselves by consulting biological and biophysical literature. The course uses Physical Biology of the Cell by Rob Phillips et al. (Garland Science, New York, NY, 2013, ISBN 978-0-8153-4450-6). 33-769 Quantum Mechanics III: Many Body and Relativistic Systems Fall: 12 units The first main theme of this course is quantum mechanics applied to selected many-body problems in atomic, nuclear and condensed matter physics. The second main theme is relativistic quantum mechanics. Creation and annihilation operators are introduced and used to discuss Hartree- Fock theory as well as electromagnetic radiation. The Dirac equation is introduced and applied to the hydrogen atom. Prerequisite: 33-756, 33-76l. 3 hrs. lecture Prerequisites: 33-761 and 33-756 33-770 Field Theory I Fall: 12 units This course gives systematic studies of the relativistic field theories. Topics included are canonical quantization of fields, LSZ reduction formula, Feynman diagram techniques, application to quantum electrodynamics and the discussion of the methods of renormalization. Prerequisite: 33-769 33-771 Field Theory II All Semesters: 12 units Missing Course Description - please contact the teaching department. 33-775 Introduction to Research 1 Fall: 12 units Both semesters are designed to give the student opportunity to gain experience in modern experimental techniques either through participation in research laboratories or through formal instruction, depending on the student's background. In the first semester, the student will also learn of the research of the department through lectures by the faculty on their work. All students are required to take the first semester, but those with post- graduate or unusual laboratory experience may not be required to take the second. However, it should be noted that for the M.S. degree, 12 units of laboratory are required. 33-777 Introductory Astrophysics Fall: 12 units Introductory Astrophysics will explore the applications of physics to the following areas: (i) celestial mechanics and dynamics, (ii) the physics of solar system objects, (iii) the structure, formation and evolution of stars and galaxies, (iv) the large scale structure of the universe of galaxies, (v) cosmology: the origin, evolution and fate of the universe. 33-778 Introduction to Cosmology Fall: 12 units An introduction to modern cosmology that includes detailed description of the smooth expanding universe (e.g., nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background, and dark matter) and the perturbations that translate into the large scale structure of the universe. Prerequisites: 33-234 and 33-232 33-779 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics Fall: 12 units An introduction to the physics of atomic nuclei and elementary particles. This course is suitable as a one-semester course for students not specializing in this area and also provides an introduction to further work in 33-780, 33-78l. Topics included are symmetry principles of strong and weak interactions, quark model, classification of particles and nuclear forces. Department of Physics Courses 7 33-780 Nuclear and Particle Physics II Spring: 12 units This course covers the phenomenology of weak interactions, parton model for the deep inelastic scattering, and introduction to gauge theories of weak and electromagnetic interactions. Various topics of current interest in particle physics will also be included. Prerequisite: 33-779, 33-770 (or concurrently). 3 hrs. lecture. Prerequisites: 33-779 and 33-770 33-783 Solid State Physics Fall: 12 units This course is designed to give advanced graduate students a fundamental knowledge of the microscopic properties of solids in terms of molecular and atomic theory, crystal structures, x-ray diffraction of crystals and crystal defects, lattice vibration and thermal properties of crystals; free-electron model, energy bands, electrical conduction and magnetism. Prerequisite: 33-756 Min. grade B