Depression - Psychopathology - Lecture Notes | PSY 350.00, Study notes of Psychopathology

Download Depression - Psychopathology - Lecture Notes | PSY 350.00 and more Study notes Psychopathology in PDF only on Docsity! Depression - Pathological state- not feeling of sadness - Common: antidepressants most prescribed drug I. Characteristics a. Emotional Symptoms i. Sadness ii. Anhedonia: lack of emotion, loss of interest in things, things don’t matter anymore b. Physiological and behavior symptoms i. Sleep disturbance: insomnia, early morning waking ii. Appetite disturbance: lose weight iii. Chronic Fatigue: low energy level iv. Low activity level c. Cognivtive symptoms 1. Negative view of self: failure, ugly, blame worthy 2. Negative view of future: will never be happy, hopeless 3. Negative view of experience: someone is nice to them-> only because they feel sorry for them ii. Suicide note-> carry bricks back and forth across field and stops to ask why? d. Motivation symptoms i. Lack of motivation II. Types of Depression a. Unipolar vs. bipolar i. Unipolar- stay in depressed state ii. Bipolar- back and forth between depression and mania b. Chronic vs episodic vs “Double” i. Chronic- depressed over long period of time (at least 2 years) ii. Episodic- depressed for short period of time ( <2 years) iii. “Double”- chronically depressed and have depressive episode caused by something bad happening III. Theories of Depression a. Beck’s Theory of Depression i. General Cognitive Principle: people act and react in light of how they perceive and interpret reality Event(A)->Interpretation(B)->Reaction(C) ii. Beck’s Theory 1. Early Experiences ( e.g. losses, rejection, criticism) -- Schemas- Deeply held beliefs (e.g. “I’m unlovable”) Activation by events that seem related to schemas?  Yes  Faulty Info processing  Depression  No  No depression b. Logic Errors i. Personalization 1. Take events that don’t relate to you and relate them to yourself ii. Overgeneralization 1. One person rejects you  everyone will reject you in life iii. Magnification 1. Small events get magnified- blown out of proportion iv. Minimization 1. He has feelings for you  no he’s just a nice guy; nothing to do with you v. Selective Distraction 1. Do many generous deeds but focus on the one thing that wasn’t; “I’m selfish” CONTINUED II. Beck’s Theory: Early Experiences (e.g. losses, rejection, criticism)->Schemas (deeply held beliefs)(e.g. I’m unlovable)-> Activation by events that seem related to schemas?-> ->No-> No depression ->Yes->Faulty info processing- Arbitrary inference- something happens, He’s gotta study that night. NOT- he doesn’t want to hang out; Personalization; Overgeneralization; Magnification; Minimization; Selective abstract’n> Depression -application to the case of Suzy III. Cognitive therapy: Patient taught to A. Identify and correct automatic thoughts a. E.g. have patient write what their triggering thoughts are B. Identify and correct underlying schemas a. Let’s try and figure out what those schemas are; they’re biasing you b. E.g. Have you found yourself acting this way in past relationships? C. Become own cognitive therapist a. Once you have done a good job the person can do their own therapy. They learn a life-skill in which they can always rely on that are… b. What am I so upset about? Is that the most logical way of doing it? IV. Seligman’s Learned Helplessness Theory of Depression 1. Key Idea: Depression is a equivalent to a state of learned helplessness a. These people are very passive, they give up very quickly, unmotivated- what’s the point of trying? I can’t get over this so why spend the energy to try, do not seem to learn from success