Development of Filipino Nationalism, Essays (university) of History

Download Development of Filipino Nationalism and more Essays (university) History in PDF only on Docsity! SMALL GROUP DISCUSSIONS: Members:  Asis, Jescerlyn M.  Dasigan, Sheila Mae D.  Resane, Michelle Joy  Sayson, Shiela Mae P.  Yamo, Erica Ann M. Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce (1834)  It means that the goods from the Philippines could be shipped out to any of the countries abroad.  And goods from other country could enter the Philippines directly. Before Spanish banned the other foreigners from living in the provinces or having businesses in the Philippines. They did not apply to Chinese settlers, but it covered other white men.  Modern methods of production and transportation, notably sugar mills and steamships, opened the Philippines for economic development. British, French, Dutch, and North American traders began to demand Philippine agricultural products, including sugar, cigars, and abaca (Manila hemp). Sugar became the leading export crop.  Rise of the middle class - intelligentsia or ilustrado - comprised of the Spanish and Chinese mestizos Influx of Liberal Ideas (1869)  Due, primarily, to the opening of Philippines to world trade The possibility of applying Western thoughts as a means to solve existing problems in the country. Also caused by the opening of the Suez Canal -- November 17, 1869.  The intellectuals of the country gained access to western political thought from the books and newspapers brought by foreign travelers -- Ideologies of the French and American Revolution -- Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, Jefferson The Liberal Administration of Carlos Maria de la Torre (1869-1871)  De la Torre Liberal Spanish Governor (1868-71) the fall of Queen Isabela II and the rise of Liberalism in Spain brought a new Spanish governor general to Manila. He was Carlos Maria de la Torre, an able soldier and true democrat. The Filipino people and the Spanish liberals welcomed him. They rejoiced a she took office on June 23, 1869.  Applied Democratic and liberal ideas Avoided an Extravagant life  Formed Comite de Reformadores or Committee of Reformers - composed of Clergy, laymen and students Led several demonstrations against the Dominican school administrators (because of academic freedom and discrimination) Changes:  Encouraged the Freedom of Speech  Abolished Flogging as a form of Punishment  Allowed the formation of different Organization Secularization Movement (1871-1873)  Regular Priests and Secular Priests o Regular priests belonged to religious orders. Their main task was to spread Christianity. o Secular priests were trained to run the parishes and were under the supervision of the bishops.  Conflict began when the bishops insisted on visiting the parishes that were being run by regular priests Cavite Mutiny  The liberal government established by Gov. – Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre ended -- General Rafael Izquierdo - marked the end of liberal policies  200 Filipino Soldiers (Cavite arsenal) o abolition of exemption from polo y servicio and payment of annual tribute o January 20, 1872 - the mutiny broke out under the leadership of Sergeant La Madrid o January 27, 1872 - 41 mutineers were executed including Camerino GOMBURZA Execution  Father Mariano Gomez - remained calm Jacinto  Father Jose Burgos - wrote to defend the seculars weep like a child  Father Jacinto Zamora - a victim of mistaken identity, gambler, the least qualified to become hero also weep like a child. According to Rizal if Burgos has shown the courage of Gomez, maybe the Filipino’s would have been different today. February 17, 1872 - executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of subversion. This refers to an attempt to transform the established social order and its structures. The crowd paid respect when they removed their hats and knelt down The bells rang all over the City upon the order of Archbishop Melito Martinez. EFFECTS:  National Consciousness emerged  Filipino’s felt great indignation  United the Filipino’s: Ethnic differences and Regional Hostilities were set aside  Dedication of Katipunan (password: GOMBURZA) and Rizal (El FILI) works in their memory  Gives birth to a reform movement among Filipinos in Spain, known as the Propaganda Movement. 1882