Download Development of management thoughts and more Study notes Library science in PDF only on Docsity! DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS Prepared By: Prof. Janelle T. Buco,MLIS R O 1 - I N T E G R A T I O N C O U R S E 1 CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVE A. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 1. Scientific Management Basic Assumption : Workers at the operation level are economically motivated and that they will put forth their best efforts if they are rewarded financially. • Initiators : • c. Henry L. Gantt (Task & Bonus System – Thru Gantt Chart) A. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 1. Scientific Management A. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 2. Administrative Management • emphasizes the manager and functions of management • Henry Fayol - known as the “Father of Modern Management” - he spelled out the five (5) functions of management. PLAN.ORGANIZE.COORDINATE & CONTROL Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management
* Division of Work
* Authority and Responsibility
* Discipline
* Unity of Command
* Unity of Direction
¢ Subordination of Individual Interest
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* Remuneration
* The Degree of Centralization
* Line of Authority/Scalar Chain
* Order
¢ Equity
* Stability of Tenure of Personnel
* Initiative
* Esprit de Corps/Team Spirit
• Initiators: • Lyndall Urwick and Gullick - “POSDCORD” Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Coordinating Reporting Budgeting A. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 3. Bureaucratic School Basic Assumption: If management can make employees happy, maximum performance will be the result. B. HUMANISTIC APPROACH 1. Human Relations Movement B. HUMANISTIC APPROACH 1. Human Relations Movement Chester Barnard contribution-satisfaction equilibrium as he examined the organization as a social system. The first to introduce the issues of the social responsibility of management, including fair wages, security, and the creation of an atmosphere conducive to work. Basic Assumption: When the basic needs of the worker are actualized it will result to pride of workmanship, sense of adequacy and loyalty to organization. B. HUMANISTIC APPROACH 2. Self-Actualizing Movement b. Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Human Needs) • Physiological • Safety • Social • Esteem • Self-Actualization C.MODERN/CONTEMPORARY APPROACH 1. Systems Theory • Initiator: • LudwigVon Bertalanffy - He defines system as a “set of elements standing in their interrelation among themselves & with the environment” - Organizations are regarded as systems that function as a whole. C.MODERN/CONTEMPORARY APPROACH 2. Contingency Approach This concept takes the situational approach and it asserts that: 1) There is no best management technique. 2) There is no best way to manage. 3) No technique or managerial principle is effective all of the time. 4) Should the questions be posted as to what works best, the simple response is, “It all depends on the situation”. WILLIAM OUCHI Theory Z • refers to Japanese management practice of consensus decision making, quality circles & employee participation to enhance productivity • - It is a comparison between the American & Japanese THEORY Z TYPE A (American) TYPE J (Japanese) Mobile employees- self opportunity advancement & career change by moving between employer & organization Lifetime employment Personal decision-making Collective decision-making Individual responsibility Group responsibility Rapid advancement Slow & systematic advancement Specialization in careers General career perspective Explicit control of mechanism Implicit control system Focused concern from employees Holistic concern of employees DECISION THEORY MOVEMENT Basic Assumption: The advent of technology has greatly aided researchers in the development of management information system that will aid in decision making. - A general approach to decision making that is suitable to a wide range of operations management decisions: a) Capacity planning b) Product & service design c) Equipment selection d) Location planning
